阅读莫里斯·勒布朗 Maurice Leblanc在小说之家的作品!!! |
生平
卢布朗在法国上诺曼底的鲁昂出生,父亲是造船厂老板,母亲是意大利人,家境相当富裕,家中有一个姊妹—乔吉特·卢布朗。他辗转多国读书,后来被法律学校退学,于是他移居巴黎,并开始写犯罪小说与长篇的纯文学小说。其写作模式承袭古斯塔夫·福楼拜与居伊·德·莫泊桑而在文坛上得到了肯定,但却销售不顺。
成名作
1905年,卢布朗在担任杂志《我什么都知道》(Je Sais Tout)编辑的朋友皮埃尔·拉菲特(Pierre Laffitte)的百般邀稿下,心不甘情不悦的写下了一部杂志连载小说,这部作品就是《亚森·罗苹被补记》,让名闻遐迩的怪盗绅士亚森·罗苹初次登场就被送进大牢。这部作品从1905年7月15日开始连载,没想到造成了巨大回响并得到空前的成功,让卢布朗名利双收。之后,卢布朗总共写下21部亚森·罗苹的系列小说(部份为短篇故事的文集)。
设计来源
亚森·罗苹一角的设计来源,据推测是来自曾经于1905年3月登上报纸头版的非法份子马里乌斯·雅各,也可能是参考自奥克塔夫·米尔波的作品《Les 21 jours d'un neurasthénique》(1901)里的一位绅士怪盗阿蒂尔·勒博(Arthur Lebeau),或是米尔波所作的另一部喜剧《Scrupules》(1902)里的绅士怪盗。虽然英国作家厄恩斯特·威廉斯·何努格在1899年创造出另一个怪盗绅士—亚瑟·莱佛士,但推测卢布朗没有看过。
厌倦
1907年,借由罗苹系列故事的成功,卢布朗终于开始全职撰写罗苹的故事。然而,卢布朗也犯了和柯南·道尔相同的毛病,因为罗苹成功的阴影,遮闭了他对纯文学小说与犯罪小说的野心,所以他开始对罗苹这个角色感到困窘,而企图在系列作《813之谜》里让罗苹自杀。此外,卢布朗本人也说过:‘罗苹不是我的影子,我才是罗苹的影子。’充份道出他内心的无奈。而在卢布朗的晚年里又曾说过:‘与罗苹相遇实在是一场意外。要说这是不是场幸运的意外?那可就不得而知了。’。好几次,卢布朗也尝试创造其他的角色,比如私家侦探吉姆·巴内特(Jim Barnett),但最终这个角色还是被并作罗苹的化身。卢布朗一直撰写罗苹的冒险史,一直到1930年代。
怪盗与名侦探
亚森·罗苹的系列作初期,不时有仿福尔摩斯作,让传奇大侦探歇洛克·福尔摩斯的登场(如《奇岩城》及《怪盗与名侦探》);而在这些作品里,怪盗与大侦探总是你来我往,杀得两败俱伤。这两个传奇角色的对决全部出自于卢布朗之手,多少引来福尔摩斯迷的不满。虽然福氏的作者柯南·道尔没有强烈的抗议,道尔爵士还是忍不住指出这是一种不道德的行为。卢布朗后来的作品才开始收敛,并将原本设定成福氏的角色,改用其他名字。
其他写作
除了前面介绍到的作品,卢布朗另外还有两部重要的科幻小说:1919年的《Les Trois Yeux》与1920年的《Le Formidable Evènement》。前者叙述一个科学家与三眼金星人作影像联系;在第二部的故事里发生了一场大地震,之后在英国与法国之间升起了一块新大陆。
遗言
卢布朗的文学成就获得了法国荣誉军团勋章的奖励。而他也于1941年死于佩皮尼昂。在他去世之前几周曾说了一句奇妙的话:‘罗苹出现在我身旁了,快阻止他。’;由于话中内容像有人欲加害卢布朗,于是警方派出人马,每天24小时戒护,直到他寿终正寝。
择录著作
亚森·罗苹系列作品
?亚森·罗苹被捕记》(绅士怪盗)(Arsène Lupin, gentleman-cambrioleur, 1905-1907)
?怪盗与名侦探》(Arsène Lupin contre Herlock Sholmès, 1906-1908)
?Arsène Lupin / Une aventure d'Arsène Lupin》—戏剧,小说化(1909)
?奇岩城》(空心岩柱)(L'aiguille creuse,1909)
?813之谜》(813, 1910)
?水晶瓶塞》(Le bouchon de cristal, 1912)
?罗苹的告白》(Les confidences d'Arsène Lupin, 1911-1913)
?神秘黑衣人》(L'éclat d'obus, 1915)
?金三角》(Le triangle d'or, 1917)
?棺材岛》(L'île aux trente cercueils, 1919)
?Le retour d'Arsène Lupin》—戏剧(1920)
?虎牙》(Les dents du tigre, 1920)
?八大奇案》(Les huit coups de l'horloge, 1923)
?罗苹与魔女》(La comtesse de Cagliostro, 1924)
?碧眼少女》(La demoiselle aux yeux verts, 1927)
?穿羊皮的人》(L'homme a la peau de bique, 1927)
?名侦探罗苹》(L'agence Barnett et Cie, 1927-1928)
?奇怪的屋子》(La demeure mystérieuse, 1928)
?古堡惊魂》(La barre-y-va, 1930)
?绿宝石之谜》(Les cabochon d'emeraude, 1930)
?两种微笑的女人》(幽灵杀手)(La femme aux deux sourires, 1932)
?神探与罗苹》(Victor, de la brigade mondaine, 1934)
?魔女的复仇》(La Cagliostro se venge, 1935)
?罗苹的财富》(Les milliards d'Arsène Lupin, 1939)
?罗苹的最后之恋》(Le dernier amour d'Arsène Lupin, 1939—未发表)
?白色秋牡丹的秘密》
?双面人》
?罗苹与杀人魔王》
?千钧一发》
?消失的王冠》
?黑色的吸血蝙蝠》
?罗苹的大失败》
?幻影杀手》
?妖魔与女侦探》
其他作品
?Une femme》(1893)
?Armelle et Claude》(1897)
?Voici des ailes》(1898)
?Les Lèvres jointes》(1899)
?L' Enthousiasme》(1901)
?Un vilain couple》(1901)
?Gueule rouge》(1904)
?80 chevaux》(1904)
?La Pitié, pièce de théâtre》(1906)
?L' Aiguille creuse》(The Hollow Needle) (1909)
?La Frontière》(1911)
?Les Trois Yeux》(1919)
?La Robe d’écaille rose》(1920)
?Le Formidable Événement》(1920)
?Le Cercle rouge》(1922)
?Dorothée, danseuse de corde》(女侦探之谜)(1923)
?La Vie extravagante de Balthazar》(1925)
?Le Prince de Jéricho》(侦探与海盗王)(1930)
?Les Clefs mystérieuses》(1932)
?La Forêt des aventures》(1933)
?Le Chapelet rouge》(1934)
?L' Image de la femme nue》(1934)
?Le Scandale du gazon bleu》(1935)
?De minuit à sept heures》(1937)
Biography
Leblanc was born in Rouen, Normandy. After studying in several countries and dropping out of law school, he settled in Paris and began to write fiction, both short crime stories and longer novels; his novels, heavily influenced by writers like Gustave Flaubert and Guy de Maupassant, were critically admired but met with little commercial success.
Leblanc was largely considered little more than a writer of short stories for various French periodicals when the first Arsène Lupin story appeared in a series of short stories serialized in the magazine Je Sais Tout, starting in No. 6, dated 15 July 1905. Clearly created at editorial request under the influence of, and in reaction to, the wildly successful Sherlock Holmes stories, the roguish and glamorous Lupin was a surprise success and Leblanc's fame and fortune beckoned. In total, Leblanc went on to write twenty-one Lupin novels or collections of short stories.
The character of Lupin might have been based by Leblanc on French anarchist Marius Jacob, whose trial made headlines in March 1905; it is also possible that Leblanc had also read Octave Mirbeau's Les 21 jours d'un neurasthénique (1901), which features a gentleman thief named Arthur Lebeau, and seen Octave Mirbeau's comedy Scrupules (1902), whose main character is a gentleman thief. It was not influenced by E. W. Hornung's gentleman thief, A.J. Raffles, created in 1899, whom Leblanc had not read.
Some lupinophiles/lupinologists/lupinomaniacs disturbingly but somewhat convincingly argue (André Comte-Sponville, François George in Preuves de l'existence d'Arsène Lupin) that Lupin really existed and that Leblanc was thus his mere historiographer. In this respect they resemble many fans of Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes.
Leblancs house in Étretat, today the museum "Le clos Arsène Lupin".
By 1907 Leblanc had graduated to writing full-length Lupin novels, and the reviews and sales were so good that Leblanc effectively dedicated the rest of his career to working on the Lupin stories. Like Conan Doyle, who often appeared embarrassed or hindered by the success of Sherlock Holmes and seemed to regard his success in the field of crime fiction as a detraction from his more "respectable" literary ambitions, Leblanc also appeared to have resented Lupin's success. Several times, he tried to create other characters, such as private eye Jim Barnett, but eventually merged them with Lupin. He continued to pen Lupin tales well into the 1930s.
Leblanc also wrote two notable science fiction novels: Les Trois Yeux (1919) in which a scientist makes televisual contact with three-eyed Venusians, and Le Formidable Evènement (1920), in which an earthquake creates a new landmass between England and France
Leblanc was awarded the Légion d'Honneur for his services to literature, and died in Perpignan in 1941. He was buried in the Montparnasse Cemetery. Georgette Leblanc was his sister.
Influence
The character Arsène Lupin III, protagonist of the Japanese manga Lupin III beginning in 1967 was written as the grandson of Arsène Lupin, though without permission from Leblanc's estate. This was later the source of a lawsuit, though the copyright on Leblanc's work has since expired. When the anime version was broadcast in France, the character was renamed Edgar, le détective cambrioleur ("Edgar, the Burglar Detective"). The authors of the various Lupin III properties drew on Leblanc's novels as inspiration, notably the film The Castle of Cagliostro was loosely based on La Comtesse de Cagliostro (The Countess of Cagliostro).
Selected bibliography
Une femme (1893)
Armelle et Claude (1897)
Voici des ailes (1898)
Les Lèvres jointes (1899)
L’Enthousiasme (1901)
Un vilain couple (1901)
Gueule rouge (1904)
80 chevaux (1904)
La Pitié, Play (1906)
L’Aiguille creuse (The Hollow Needle) (1909)
813 (1910)
La Frontière (1911)
Les Trois Yeux (1919)
La Robe d’écaille rose (1920)
Le Formidable Événement (1920)
Le Cercle rouge (1922)
Dorothée, danseuse de corde (1923)
La Vie extravagante de Balthazar (1925)
Le Prince de Jéricho (1930)
Les Clefs mystérieuses (1932)
La Forêt des aventures (1933)
Le Chapelet rouge (1934)
L’Image de la femme nue (1934)
Le Scandale du gazon bleu (1935)
De minuit à sept heures (1937)