閱讀莫裏斯·勒布朗 Maurice Leblanc在小说之家的作品!!! |
生平
盧布朗在法國上諾曼底的魯昂出生,父親是造船廠老闆,母親是意大利人,傢境相當富裕,傢中有一個姊妹—喬吉特·盧布朗。他輾轉多國讀書,後來被法律學校退學,於是他移居巴黎,並開始寫犯罪小說與長篇的純文學小說。其寫作模式承襲古斯塔夫·福樓拜與居伊·德·莫泊桑而在文壇上得到了肯定,但卻銷售不順。
成名作
1905年,盧布朗在擔任雜志《我什麽都知道》(Je Sais Tout)編輯的朋友皮埃爾·拉菲特(Pierre Laffitte)的百般邀稿下,心不甘情不悅的寫下了一部雜志連載小說,這部作品就是《亞森·羅蘋被補記》,讓名聞遐邇的怪盜紳士亞森·羅蘋初次登場就被送進大牢。這部作品從1905年7月15日開始連載,沒想到造成了巨大回響並得到空前的成功,讓盧布朗名利雙收。之後,盧布朗總共寫下21部亞森·羅蘋的係列小說(部份為短篇故事的文集)。
設計來源
亞森·羅蘋一角的設計來源,據推測是來自曾經於1905年3月登上報紙頭版的非法份子馬裏烏斯·雅各,也可能是參考自奧剋塔夫·米爾波的作品《Les 21 jours d'un neurasthénique》(1901)裏的一位紳士怪盜阿蒂爾·勒博(Arthur Lebeau),或是米爾波所作的另一部喜劇《Scrupules》(1902)裏的紳士怪盜。雖然英國作傢厄恩斯特·威廉斯·何努格在1899年創造出另一個怪盜紳士—亞瑟·萊佛士,但推測盧布朗沒有看過。
厭倦
1907年,藉由羅蘋係列故事的成功,盧布朗終於開始全職撰寫羅蘋的故事。然而,盧布朗也犯了和柯南·道爾相同的毛病,因為羅蘋成功的陰影,遮閉了他對純文學小說與犯罪小說的野心,所以他開始對羅蘋這個角色感到睏窘,而企圖在係列作《813之謎》裏讓羅蘋自殺。此外,盧布朗本人也說過:‘羅蘋不是我的影子,我纔是羅蘋的影子。’充份道出他內心的無奈。而在盧布朗的晚年裏又曾說過:‘與羅蘋相遇實在是一場意外。要說這是不是場幸運的意外?那可就不得而知了。’。好幾次,盧布朗也嘗試創造其他的角色,比如私傢偵探吉姆·巴內特(Jim Barnett),但最終這個角色還是被並作羅蘋的化身。盧布朗一直撰寫羅蘋的冒險史,一直到1930年代。
怪盜與名偵探
亞森·羅蘋的係列作初期,不時有仿福爾摩斯作,讓傳奇大偵探歇洛剋·福爾摩斯的登場(如《奇岩城》及《怪盜與名偵探》);而在這些作品裏,怪盜與大偵探總是你來我往,殺得兩敗俱傷。這兩個傳奇角色的對决全部出自於盧布朗之手,多少引來福爾摩斯迷的不滿。雖然福氏的作者柯南·道爾沒有強烈的抗議,道爾爵士還是忍不住指出這是一種不道德的行為。盧布朗後來的作品纔開始收斂,並將原本設定成福氏的角色,改用其他名字。
其他寫作
除了前面介紹到的作品,盧布朗另外還有兩部重要的科幻小說:1919年的《Les Trois Yeux》與1920年的《Le Formidable Evènement》。前者敘述一個科學家與三眼金星人作影像聯繫;在第二部的故事裏發生了一場大地震,之後在英國與法國之間升起了一塊新大陸。
遺言
盧布朗的文學成就獲得了法國榮譽軍團勳章的奬勵。而他也於1941年死於佩皮尼昂。在他去世之前幾周曾說了一句奇妙的話:‘羅蘋出現在我身旁了,快阻止他。’;由於話中內容像有人欲加害盧布朗,於是警方派出人馬,每天24小時戒護,直到他壽終正寢。
擇錄著作
亞森·羅蘋係列作品
?亞森·羅蘋被捕記》(紳士怪盜)(Arsène Lupin, gentleman-cambrioleur, 1905-1907)
?怪盜與名偵探》(Arsène Lupin contre Herlock Sholmès, 1906-1908)
?Arsène Lupin / Une aventure d'Arsène Lupin》—戲劇,小說化(1909)
?奇岩城》(空心岩柱)(L'aiguille creuse,1909)
?813之謎》(813, 1910)
?水晶瓶塞》(Le bouchon de cristal, 1912)
?羅蘋的告白》(Les confidences d'Arsène Lupin, 1911-1913)
?神秘黑衣人》(L'éclat d'obus, 1915)
?金三角》(Le triangle d'or, 1917)
?棺材島》(L'île aux trente cercueils, 1919)
?Le retour d'Arsène Lupin》—戲劇(1920)
?虎牙》(Les dents du tigre, 1920)
?八大奇案》(Les huit coups de l'horloge, 1923)
?羅蘋與魔女》(La comtesse de Cagliostro, 1924)
?碧眼少女》(La demoiselle aux yeux verts, 1927)
?穿羊皮的人》(L'homme a la peau de bique, 1927)
?名偵探羅蘋》(L'agence Barnett et Cie, 1927-1928)
?奇怪的屋子》(La demeure mystérieuse, 1928)
?古堡驚魂》(La barre-y-va, 1930)
?緑寶石之謎》(Les cabochon d'emeraude, 1930)
?兩種微笑的女人》(幽靈殺手)(La femme aux deux sourires, 1932)
?神探與羅蘋》(Victor, de la brigade mondaine, 1934)
?魔女的復仇》(La Cagliostro se venge, 1935)
?羅蘋的財富》(Les milliards d'Arsène Lupin, 1939)
?羅蘋的最後之戀》(Le dernier amour d'Arsène Lupin, 1939—未發表)
?白色秋牡丹的秘密》
?雙面人》
?羅蘋與殺人魔王》
?千鈞一發》
?消失的王冠》
?黑色的吸血蝙蝠》
?羅蘋的大失敗》
?幻影殺手》
?妖魔與女偵探》
其他作品
?Une femme》(1893)
?Armelle et Claude》(1897)
?Voici des ailes》(1898)
?Les Lèvres jointes》(1899)
?L' Enthousiasme》(1901)
?Un vilain couple》(1901)
?Gueule rouge》(1904)
?80 chevaux》(1904)
?La Pitié, pièce de théâtre》(1906)
?L' Aiguille creuse》(The Hollow Needle) (1909)
?La Frontière》(1911)
?Les Trois Yeux》(1919)
?La Robe d’écaille rose》(1920)
?Le Formidable Événement》(1920)
?Le Cercle rouge》(1922)
?Dorothée, danseuse de corde》(女偵探之謎)(1923)
?La Vie extravagante de Balthazar》(1925)
?Le Prince de Jéricho》(偵探與海盜王)(1930)
?Les Clefs mystérieuses》(1932)
?La Forêt des aventures》(1933)
?Le Chapelet rouge》(1934)
?L' Image de la femme nue》(1934)
?Le Scandale du gazon bleu》(1935)
?De minuit à sept heures》(1937)
Biography
Leblanc was born in Rouen, Normandy. After studying in several countries and dropping out of law school, he settled in Paris and began to write fiction, both short crime stories and longer novels; his novels, heavily influenced by writers like Gustave Flaubert and Guy de Maupassant, were critically admired but met with little commercial success.
Leblanc was largely considered little more than a writer of short stories for various French periodicals when the first Arsène Lupin story appeared in a series of short stories serialized in the magazine Je Sais Tout, starting in No. 6, dated 15 July 1905. Clearly created at editorial request under the influence of, and in reaction to, the wildly successful Sherlock Holmes stories, the roguish and glamorous Lupin was a surprise success and Leblanc's fame and fortune beckoned. In total, Leblanc went on to write twenty-one Lupin novels or collections of short stories.
The character of Lupin might have been based by Leblanc on French anarchist Marius Jacob, whose trial made headlines in March 1905; it is also possible that Leblanc had also read Octave Mirbeau's Les 21 jours d'un neurasthénique (1901), which features a gentleman thief named Arthur Lebeau, and seen Octave Mirbeau's comedy Scrupules (1902), whose main character is a gentleman thief. It was not influenced by E. W. Hornung's gentleman thief, A.J. Raffles, created in 1899, whom Leblanc had not read.
Some lupinophiles/lupinologists/lupinomaniacs disturbingly but somewhat convincingly argue (André Comte-Sponville, François George in Preuves de l'existence d'Arsène Lupin) that Lupin really existed and that Leblanc was thus his mere historiographer. In this respect they resemble many fans of Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes.
Leblancs house in Étretat, today the museum "Le clos Arsène Lupin".
By 1907 Leblanc had graduated to writing full-length Lupin novels, and the reviews and sales were so good that Leblanc effectively dedicated the rest of his career to working on the Lupin stories. Like Conan Doyle, who often appeared embarrassed or hindered by the success of Sherlock Holmes and seemed to regard his success in the field of crime fiction as a detraction from his more "respectable" literary ambitions, Leblanc also appeared to have resented Lupin's success. Several times, he tried to create other characters, such as private eye Jim Barnett, but eventually merged them with Lupin. He continued to pen Lupin tales well into the 1930s.
Leblanc also wrote two notable science fiction novels: Les Trois Yeux (1919) in which a scientist makes televisual contact with three-eyed Venusians, and Le Formidable Evènement (1920), in which an earthquake creates a new landmass between England and France
Leblanc was awarded the Légion d'Honneur for his services to literature, and died in Perpignan in 1941. He was buried in the Montparnasse Cemetery. Georgette Leblanc was his sister.
Influence
The character Arsène Lupin III, protagonist of the Japanese manga Lupin III beginning in 1967 was written as the grandson of Arsène Lupin, though without permission from Leblanc's estate. This was later the source of a lawsuit, though the copyright on Leblanc's work has since expired. When the anime version was broadcast in France, the character was renamed Edgar, le détective cambrioleur ("Edgar, the Burglar Detective"). The authors of the various Lupin III properties drew on Leblanc's novels as inspiration, notably the film The Castle of Cagliostro was loosely based on La Comtesse de Cagliostro (The Countess of Cagliostro).
Selected bibliography
Une femme (1893)
Armelle et Claude (1897)
Voici des ailes (1898)
Les Lèvres jointes (1899)
L’Enthousiasme (1901)
Un vilain couple (1901)
Gueule rouge (1904)
80 chevaux (1904)
La Pitié, Play (1906)
L’Aiguille creuse (The Hollow Needle) (1909)
813 (1910)
La Frontière (1911)
Les Trois Yeux (1919)
La Robe d’écaille rose (1920)
Le Formidable Événement (1920)
Le Cercle rouge (1922)
Dorothée, danseuse de corde (1923)
La Vie extravagante de Balthazar (1925)
Le Prince de Jéricho (1930)
Les Clefs mystérieuses (1932)
La Forêt des aventures (1933)
Le Chapelet rouge (1934)
L’Image de la femme nue (1934)
Le Scandale du gazon bleu (1935)
De minuit à sept heures (1937)