英国 United Kingdom 爱尔兰 Ireland 比利时 Belgium 荷兰 Netherlands 法国 France 西班牙 Spain 葡萄牙 Portugal 意大利 Italy 希腊 Greece 奥地利 Austria 匈牙利 Hungary 德国 Germany 瑞士 Switzerland 罗马尼亚 Romania 俄罗斯 Russia 波兰 Poland 克罗地亚 Croatia (Hrvatska) 捷克 Czech 芬兰 Finland 瑞典 Sweden 挪威 Norway 冰岛 Iceland 土耳其 Turkey 丹麦 Denmark 阿尔巴尼亚 Albania 爱沙尼亚 Republic of Estonia 安道尔 Andorra 白俄罗斯 Belarus 保加利亚 The Republic of Bulgaria 波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那 Bosnia and Herzegovina 梵蒂冈 Vatican City State (Holy See) 黑山 The Republic of Montenegro 拉脱维亚 Latvia 立陶宛 Republic of Lithuania 列支敦士登 Liechtenstein 卢森堡 Luxembourg 马耳他 Republic of Malta 马其顿 The Republic of Macedonia 摩尔多瓦 The Republic of Moldova 摩纳哥 Monaco 塞尔维亚 the Republic of Serbia 斯洛伐克 The Slovak Republic 斯洛文尼亚 the Republic of Slovenia 圣马力诺 San Marino 乌克兰 Ukraine |
mǎ 'ěr tā Republic of Malta shǒudōu:wǎ lāi tǎ guógūdàimǎ: mt |
mǎ 'ěr tā gòng hé guó( mǎ 'ěr tā yǔ: Repubblikata'Malta, yīng yǔ: RepublicofMalta) shì 'ōu zhōu nán bù dǎo guó, yóu dì zhōng hǎi yī xiē dǎo yǔ zǔ chéng。 yóu yú qí zhòng yào de zhàn lüè dì lǐ wèi zhì, jǐ gè shì jì lái xiān hòu bèi bù tóng de jūn shì lì liàng zhēng fú hé tǒng zhì guò。
cí yuán “ mǎ 'ěr tā ” yī cí dāng jīn bù tóng de biàn tǐ jìn guǎn qǐ yuán yú mǎ 'ěr tā xì yǔ yán , dàn qí qǐ yuán wú cóng kǎo jiū。 tōng cháng de cí yuán xué shuō fǎ rèn wéi tā lái zì yú xī là yǔ zhōng μέλι( yīn meli) yī cí, yì wéi“ mì”。 xī là rén chēng zhè gè dǎo wéi Μελίτη( yīn Melite), yì zhǐ " mì " huò shì " gān tián ", zhè kě néng shì yóu yú mǎ 'ěr tā dǎo chū chǎn yī zhǒng dú tè de mì。 mǎ 'ěr tā céng jū zhù zhe yī zhǒng tǔ chǎn mì fēng, shǐ dé tā bèi nì chēng wéi“ tián mì zhī dì”。 bù jǐn xī là rén zǎo zài qián 700 nián jiù duì mǎ 'ěr tā dǎo fù yòu yǐng xiǎng, shǐ yòng xī là yǔ de bài zhàn tíng dì guó yě zài gōng yuán 395 nián zhì gōng yuán 870 nián jiān tǒng zhì guò mǎ 'ěr tā . lìng yī zhǒng shuō fǎ rèn wéi“ mǎ 'ěr tā” lái zì yú féi ní jī yǔ cí“ Maleth”, yì wéi bì fēng gǎng。 lì shǐ gōng yuán qián 10 shì jì qǐ, féi ní jī rén biàn zài cǐ dìng jū, qián 8 shì jì mǎ 'ěr tā bèi xī là rén zhàn lǐng, qián 4 shì jì yòu bèi jiā tài jī zhàn lǐng。 qián 218 nián shǐ bèi gǔ luó mǎ tǒng zhì。 9 shì jì qǐ mǎ 'ěr tā yòu xiān hòu bèi bài zhàn tíng dì guó、 ā lā bó dì guó、 nuò màn rén tǒng zhì。 1523 nián, shèng yuē hàn qí shì tuán cóng luó dé dǎo yí jū zhè lǐ, bìng huò dé shén shèng luó mǎ dì guó huáng dì chá lǐ wǔ shì de chéng rèn。 zhè zhī qí shì tuán hòu gǎi míng wéi mǎ 'ěr tā qí shì tuán。 1565 nián de mǎ 'ěr tā dà wéi gōng zhàn yì zhōng, qí shì tuán jī bài liǎo 'ào sī màn dì guó, cǐ cì zhàn yì shì mǎ 'ěr tā lì shǐ shàng zuì zhòng dà de shì jiàn, yīn wéi tā zǔ zhǐ liǎo 'ào sī màn dì guó jìn yī bù xiàng xī kuò zhāng。 1798 nián, ná pò lún shuài fǎ guó jūn duì jiāng qí shì tuán zhú chū。 1800 nián yīng guó zhàn lǐng mǎ 'ěr tā。 1814 nián zhèng shì lún wéi yīng guó zhí mín dì。 1964 nián 9 yuè 21 rì zhèng shì dú lì, wéi yīng lián bāng chéng yuán guó, 2004 nián 5 yuè 1 rì chéng wéi 'ōu méng huì yuán guó, zài 2007 nián 12 yuè 21 rì chéng wéi shēn gēn gōng yuē huì yuán guó。 zhèng zhì 1964 nián 7 yuè 21 rì bān bù de dú lì xiàn fǎ guī dìng, mǎ 'ěr tā wéi jūn zhù lì xiàn zhì zhèng tǐ, yīng guó nǚ wáng wéi mǎ 'ěr tā guó jiā yuán shǒu。 1974 nián 12 yuè 13 rì xiū gǎi xiàn fǎ, mǎ 'ěr tā chéng wéi gòng hé guó, zǒng tǒng wèiguó jiā yuán shǒu, yóu yì huì xuǎn jǔ chǎn shēng, rèn qī wǔ nián。 yì huì wéi yī yuàn zhì, chēng zhòng yì yuàn。 dì lǐ mǎ 'ěr tā wèi yú dì zhōng hǎi zhōng bù, miàn jī 316 píng fāng gōng lǐ, běi jù xī xī lǐ dǎo 93 gōng lǐ。 quán guó yóu mǎ 'ěr tā dǎo、 gē zuǒ( Gozo)、 kē mǐ nuò( Comino)、 kē mǐ nuò tuō hé fěi 'ěr fū lā dǎo wǔ gè xiǎo dǎo zǔ chéng, qí zhōng zhǐ yòu mǎ 'ěr tā dǎo、 gē zuǒ、 kē mǐ nuò sān dǎo yòu rén jū zhù。 miàn jī zuì dà de mǎ 'ěr tā dǎo, yuē 245 píng fāng gōng lǐ。 qì hòu zhù tiáo mù: mǎ 'ěr tā qì hòu mǎ 'ěr tā dǎo dì shì xī gāo dōng dī, yǐ qiū líng wéi zhù, quē fá dàn shuǐ。 mǎ 'ěr tā shǔ yà rè dài dì zhōng hǎi shì qì hòu, dōng jì duō yǔ, xià jì gāo wēn gān zào。 jīng jì zhù tiáo mù: mǎ 'ěr tā jīng jì mǎ 'ěr tā zì rán zī yuán pín fá, kuàng chǎn zī yuán jǐn yòu shí huī yán, yòu yīn wéi tǔ céng qiǎn bó, quē fá guàn gài shuǐ yuán, mǎ 'ěr tā nóng yè bù fā dá, nóng fù chǎn pǐn shàng bù néng zìjǐ, liáng shí、 ròu qín děng zhù yào yǐ lài jìn kǒu。 mǎ 'ěr tā jīng jì yǐ kào jiā gōng zhì zào yè( zhù yào shì diàn zǐ、 fǎng zhì)、 lǚ yóu yè、 guó jì mào yì。 mǎ 'ěr tā zài 2004 nián 5 yuè 1 rì chéng wéi 'ōu méng chéng yuán zhī yī, gòng yú 2008 nián yǐ 'ōu yuán wéi huò bì。 rén kǒu mǎ 'ěr tā shì shì jiè shàng rén kǒu zuì chóu mì de guó jiā zhī yī, měi píng fāng qiān mǐ yuē 1250 rén。 zhù yào shì mǎ 'ěr tā rén, zhàn zǒng rén kǒu de jiǔ chéng, qí yú wéi 'ā lā bó rén、 yì dà lì rén、 yīng guó rén děng。 guān fāng yǔ yán wéi mǎ 'ěr tā yǔ hé yīng yǔ, tōng yòng yì dà lì yǔ。 tiān zhù jiào wèiguó jiào, shǎo shù rén xìn fèng jī dū jiào xīn jiào hé xī là dōng zhèng jiào。 wén huà mǎ 'ěr tā wén huà shì shù shì jì lái bù tóng wén huà zài mǎ 'ěr tā dǎo shàng xiāng hù jiē chù róng hé de chǎn wù, bāo kuò lín jìn de dì zhōng hǎi dì qū de wén huà yǐ jí 1964 nián mǎ 'ěr tā dú lì qián céng cháng qī tǒng zhì guǎn lǐ gāi dì de zhū duō guó jiā de wén huà。 měi shí zhù tiáo mù: mǎ 'ěr tā cài mǎ 'ěr tā cài shì jǐ gè shì jì yǐ lái dǎo shàng jū mín yǔ lái mǎ 'ěr tā dìng jū de wài lái zhě zài pēngtiáo xí guàn shàng hù xiāng yǐng xiǎng de jiēguǒ, zhè zhǒng jié hé shǐ mǎ 'ěr tā cài hùn hé liǎo dì zhōng hǎi zhōu wéi gè dì de yǐn shí kǒu wèi。 jìn guǎn xǔ duō cài shì shì dǎo shàng tè yòu de, rán 'ér yī bù fēn hěn shòu huān yíng de cài shì de zuò fǎ què shì yuán zì xī xī lǐ dǎo、 yì dà lì nán bù yǐ jí zhōng dōng dì qū。 bèi dāng dì rén chēng wéi ftirabiż-żejt,ġbejniet hé pastizzi de shí wù biàn shì hěn hǎo de lì zǐ。 tè bié huó dòng wēi xíng fēi jī jù lè bù zài zuì jìn shí nián bǎ cǐ háng kōng yùn dòng ( wēi xíng fēi jī ) tuī zhǎn dào dǎo shàng, bìng qiě zài shí nián nèi zǒng gòng yòu 22 jià wēi xíng fēi jī cóng mǎ 'ěr tā guó jì jī chǎng qǐ fēi。 Malta is just over 300 km² with an estimated population of more than 400,000 people. Malta's de facto capital is Valletta and the biggest city is Birkirkara. The islands enjoy a Mediterranean climate. The country's official languages are Maltese and English, which replaced Italian in 1934. Throughout its history, Malta's location in the Mediterranean Sea has given it a strategic importance. A sequence of powers including the Phoenicians, Romans, Fatimids, Sicilians, Knights of St John, French and British have all ruled the islands. Malta gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1964 and became a Republic in 1974, whilst retaining membership in the Commonwealth of Nations. It is a member of the United Nations (since 1964) and a member of the European Union (since 2004). Malta is also party to the Schengen Agreement (since 2007) and member of the eurozone (since 2008). Malta is known for its world heritage sites, most prominently the Megalithic Temples which are the oldest free-standing structures in Europe. Malta has a long Christian legacy and is an Apostolic See. According to the Acts of the Apostles, St. Paul was shipwrecked on the island and ministered there, indeed Catholicism continues to be the official and dominant religion in Malta. Malta is also suggested as a hypothetical location of the mythical lost island of Atlantis.[17 |
|