埃及自第二十六王朝進入古埃及後期，最終在前525年被波斯阿契美尼德帝國所滅，古埃及時代結束了。波斯人在埃及建立了第二十七王朝和第三十一王朝，埃及二十六王朝後裔反抗波斯人成功和內戰，建立了短暫的第二十八、二十九和三十王朝。前332年埃及又被亞歷山大大帝所統治，亞歷山大死後，其部將托勒密一世占領了埃及，建立了托勒密王朝，也被稱為法老，但當時的埃及已經是徹底在外族人的統治下了。
The Late Period of Egypt refers to the last flowering of native Egyptian rulers after the Third Intermediate Period from the 26th Saite Dynasty into Persian conquests and ended with the death of Alexander the Great. It ran from 664 BC until 323 BC.
It is often regarded as the last gasp of a once great culture, where the power of Egypt had diminished.
26th Dynasty
The Twenty-Sixth Dynasty, also known as the Saite Period, lasted from 672 BC to 525 BC.
27th Dynasty
The First Persian Period (525 BC - 404 BC), this period saw Egypt conquered by an expansive Persian Empire under Cambyses.
28th-30th Dynasties
The Twenty-Eighth Dynasty consisted of a single king, Amyrtaeus, prince of Sais, who rebelled against the Persians. He left no monuments with his name. This dynasty lasted 6 years, from 404 BC to 398 BC.
The Twenty-Ninth Dynasty ruled from Mendes, for the period from 398 BC to 380 BC.
The Thirtieth Dynasty took their art style from the Twenty-Sixth Dynasty. A series of three pharaohs ruled from 380 BC until their final defeat in 343 BC lead to the re-occupation by the Persians.
31st Dynasty
There was a Second Persian Period of the Thirty-First Dynasty (343 BC- 332 BC), Also known as the Achaemenid Dynasty.