阿拉伯诸王朝统治时期埃及历史：公元639年到公元1517年
639年，哈里发派出军队侵入埃及，与东罗马帝国展开争夺战，最终夺取了埃及。埃及的信仰由科普特教转向伊斯兰教，虽然科普特教仍然艰难地生存下来，但伊斯兰教的地位无法撼动。阿拉伯语也开始在埃及施加影响，706年，阿拉伯语成为埃及官方语言。这一时期的埃及整体处于阿拔斯王朝的统治之下，但统治者仍然可以建立几乎独立的小王朝，例如图伦王朝。969年，来自突尼斯的法蒂玛王朝征服了埃及，建立了开罗为首都。1174年，法蒂玛王朝大臣萨拉丁在近卫军支持下发动政变，推翻法蒂玛王朝，建立阿尤布王朝。自从1250年之后阿尤布王朝渐趋没落灭亡。马木留克开始了对埃及的统治，直到 1517年埃及被奥斯曼帝国征服。
During the initial Islamic invasion in 639 AD, Egypt was ruled at first by governors acting in the name of the Righteous Caliphs, and then the Ummayad Caliphs in Damascus but, in 747, the Ummayads were overthrown and the power of the Arabs slowly began to weaken. Although Egypt remained under the nominal rule of the Abbasid Caliphate, its rulers were able to establish quasi-independent dynasties, such as those of the Tulunids and the Ikhshidids. In 969 the Ismaili Shi'a Fatimid dynasty from Tunisia conquered Egypt and established its capital at Cairo. This dynasty lasted until 1174, when Egypt came under the rule of Saladin, whose dynasty, the Ayyubids, lasted until 1252. The Ayyubites were overthrown by their Turkish bodyguards, known as the Mamluks, who ruled under the suzerainty of Abbasid Caliphs until 1517, when Egypt became part of the Ottoman Empire.