埃及现代史，始于1882年英军出兵埃及，协助埃及苏丹特费克镇压艾哈迈德·阿拉比的叛乱，之后继续留在埃及，虽然那时埃及名义上还属于奥斯曼帝国，但是实际上被英国控制。1914年埃及正式沦为英国的被保护国。1922年获得独立，但是英军继续留在埃及，直到1936年，英国与埃及签订《英埃同盟条约》，除苏伊士运河地区、亚历山大港港之外，英军撤出埃及。1952年，法鲁克一世国王被推翻，埃及宣布成立共和国。纳吉布为第一任总统。
The History of modern Egypt conventionally begins from 1882 when Egypt became part of the British sphere of influence in the region, a situation that conflicted with Egypt's position as part of the Ottoman Empire. In 1914, the country became a British protectorate and achieved independence in 1922. British troops, remained in the country until 1956 after the 1936 Anglo-Egyptian Treaty, and the declaration of a republic in 1952. Gamal Abdel Nasser's resultant one party state has seen many changes but has remained in place, firstly under Anwar Sadat, and until the present day government headed by Hosni Mubarak.