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英国 United Kingdom 爱尔兰 Ireland 比利时 Belgium 荷兰 Netherlands 法国 France 西班牙 Spain 葡萄牙 Portugal 意大利 Italy 希腊 Greece 奥地利 Austria 匈牙利 Hungary 德国 Germany 瑞士 Switzerland 罗马尼亚 Romania 俄罗斯 Russia 波兰 Poland 克罗地亚 Croatia (Hrvatska) 捷克 Czech 芬兰 Finland 瑞典 Sweden 挪威 Norway 冰岛 Iceland 土耳其 Turkey 丹麦 Denmark 阿尔巴尼亚 Albania 爱沙尼亚 Republic of Estonia 安道尔 Andorra 白俄罗斯 Belarus 保加利亚 The Republic of Bulgaria 波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那 Bosnia and Herzegovina 梵蒂冈 Vatican City State (Holy See) 黑山 The Republic of Montenegro 拉脱维亚 Latvia 立陶宛 Republic of Lithuania 列支敦士登 Liechtenstein 卢森堡 Luxembourg 马耳他 Republic of Malta 马其顿 The Republic of Macedonia 摩尔多瓦 The Republic of Moldova 摩纳哥 Monaco 塞尔维亚 the Republic of Serbia 斯洛伐克 The Slovak Republic 斯洛文尼亚 the Republic of Slovenia 圣马力诺 San Marino 乌克兰 Ukraine |
| xī là Greece shǒudōu:yǎ diǎn guógūdàimǎ: gr |
 希腊1981 nián xī là zhèng shì jiā rù 'ōu méng。 dāng qián huò bì wéi 'ōu yuán。 xī là jīng jì cǎi qǔ zì yóu qǐ yè zhì dù， bìng shòu jīng jì cái zhèng shì wù xié diào wěi yuán huì yǐ jí shì mào zǔ zhì guī zé xiàn zhì， xī là shì zhè liǎng gè jīn róng jī gòu de huì yuán。 yǎ diǎn wèi chéng guó jiā xíng zhèng guǎn lǐ bù mén xī là huàfēn wéi 13 gè xíng zhèng qū yù， tā men bèi chēng wéi Peripheries（ qū）。 xià yī gè jí bié de xíng zhèng qū yù zé chēng wéi Nomos（ xiá qū）。 nà lǐ zǒng gòng yòu 51 gè xiá qū hé yī gè zì zhì qū ( zài shèng shān zhōu )。 dāng dì shè qū yǐ Dimos（ chéng） huò Kinotita（ shè） mìng míng， zǒng gòng yòu 900 gè chéng hé 130 gè shè。 tiān qì qíng kuàng xī là shǔ yú dì zhōng hǎi qì hòu hé chōng zú de yáng guāng， wēn hé de wēn dù hé shǎo liàng de jiàng yǔ。 yīn wéi xī là de dì xíng qí qū qiě fēn bù zài dà lù hé hǎi yáng zhī jiān， suǒ yǐ nà lǐ de qì hòu biàn huà duō zhǒng duō yàng。 xià tiān tōng cháng chēng zuò “ mài 'ěr tè mǐ yà ” de jì jié xìng wēi fēng xì tǒng lěng què liǎo yà rè dài wēn nuǎn de qì hòu， suī rán shān qū qì wēn jiào dī。 dōng tiān qì hòu wēn hé， bàn yòu shǎo liàng yǔ xuě tiān qì， dàn shì shān qū tōng cháng bèi xuě fù gài。 ào lín pǐ yà lì shǐ fā zhǎn xī là zuì zǎo de rén lèi qǐ yuán kě yǐ zhuī sù dào jiù shí qì shí dài（ dà yuē shì gōng yuán qián 12， 000 － 10， 000 nián） zài xīn shí qì shí dài mò qī（ dà yuē shì gōng yuán qián 7， 000－ 3， 000 nián） shì xī là wén huà de dǐng shèng shí qī。 zài sài sà lì， mǎ qí dùn dì qū， bó luó bēn ní sǎ bàn dǎo děng dì qū fā xiàn hěn duō xīn shí qì shí dài de mù dì。 tóng qì shí dài de qǐ yuán（ dà yuē shì gōng yuán qián 3000 nián－ 1100 nián） chū xiàn zài 'ài qín hǎi de yī gè shì qū（ Poliochni zài lì mǔ nuò sī dǎo de yī gè hǎi dǎo）。 dǐng shèng shí qī zài kè lǐ tè， xī là de dà lù hé jī kè lā dí sī qún dǎo zài xī là de dōng běi bù， yě shì jù yòu diǎn xíng de wén huà fā zhǎn de dì qū。 gōng yuán qián 2 qiān nián chū qī， zài kè lǐ tè de mǐ nuò 'ān chū xiàn liǎo yòu zǔ zhì de gōng diàn shè huì， bìng dǎo zhì liǎo chū qī wén zì de chū xiàn hé fā zhǎn。 yǐ kè nuò suǒ sī gōng diàn wéi zhōng xīn， mǐ nuò 'ān rén chuàng zào liǎo yī zhǒng tóng dōng dì zhōng hǎi rén lián xì de wǎng luò， tā men jiē shòu liǎo dōng dì zhōng hǎi rén de wén huà yuán sù， bìng duì xī là dà lù hé 'ài qín hǎi dǎo yǔ de wén huà zào chéng jué dìng xìng yǐng xiǎng。 zài xī là dà lù de mài xī ní rén lì yòng kè lǐ tè shèng tuō lǐ ní de huǒ shān pēn fā（ yuán qián 1500 nián zuǒ yòu） zào chéng yán zhòng sǔn shī yǐng xiǎng zhè yī yīn sù， tuō yíng 'ér chū， chéng wéi yuán qián 1100 nián shí qī 'ài qín hǎi dì qū de bà zhù。 mài xī ní rén zài mài xī ní chéng、 Tiryns、 pí luò sī、 dǐ bǐ sī、 Gla、 yǎ diǎn hé Iolkos jiàn zào de chéng bǎo gòu chéng liǎo xī ní de zhōng xīn bà zhù dì wèi。 mài xī ní de zuì dà guī mó pò huài fā shēng yuán qián 1200 zuǒ yòu， bìng dǎo zhì liǎo mài xī ní wén míng de shuāi luò hé dà pī yí mín xiàng yà xī yà hǎi 'àn hé sài pǔ lù sī（ dì yī gè xī là de zhí mín dì） de zhuǎn yí。 dà yuē 'èr gè shì jì hòu shì jīng jì hé wén huà shuāi luò shí qī， yě jiù shì suǒ wèi de hēi 'àn shí qī ( gōng yuán qián 1150 nián -900 nián ), suí hòu jìn rù jǐ hé tú xíng shí qī ( gōng yuán qián jiǔ shì jì－ bā shì jì ), yě shì xī là wén míng shí qī de kāi shǐ。 xī là wén míng shí qī shì yǐ xī là chéng bāng zhì de jiàn lì， xī là zì mǔ de chuàng zào hé hé mǎ shǐ shī de zhuàn xiě 'ér wéi biāo zhì de ( gōng yuán qián bā shì jì mò qī ). suí hòu gǔ dài shí qī ( gōng yuán qián qī shì jì－ liù shì jì ) shì zhù yào shè huì hé zhèng zhì biàn dòng shí dài。 xī là chéng bāng dāng shí de zhí mín dì yù guǎng fàn， xī biān yuǎn jí xī bān yá， běi biān zhí dá hēi hǎi， nán biān yuǎn zhì běi fēi guó jiā， wéi dāng shí gǔ dài dǐng shèng shí qī dǎ xià liǎo jī chǔ。 gǔ dài shí qī de tè diǎn ( gōng yuán qián wǔ shì jì－ sì shì jì ) shì yǎ diǎn wén huà hé zhèng zhì yōu shì ; zhè yàng de chéng dù yǐ zhì gōng yuán qián wǔ shì jì de hòu qī chēng wéi bó lǐ kè lì de“ huáng jīn shí dài”。 gōng yuán qián 404 nián , zài bó luó bēn ní sǎ zhàn zhēng zhōng yǐ yǎ diǎn shī qù tǒng zhì 'ér gào zhōng。 zài gōng yuán qián 4 gè shì jì qī jiān， xīn de lì liàng yǒng xiàn。 fěi lì pǔ 'èr shì hé tā de 'ér zǐ， yà lì shān dà， mǎ qí dùn rén zài xī là kāi shǐ bàn yǎn zhùjué。 yà lì shān dà de yuǎn zhēng dào dōng fāng hé zhēng fú zhàn lǐng yìn dù hé fù jìn de dì qū cóng 'ér gǎi biàn liǎo xiàn jīn yǐ xíng chéng de shì jiè gé jú。 yīn wéi yà lì shān dà de sǐ wáng， tā chuàng lì de dì guó zài tā hòu dài rén zhōng bēng jiě liǎo， dǎo zhì zài zhī hòu de xī là shí dài zhōng， jiàn lì yī gè gè dú lì wáng guó jú miàn de shèng xíng（ gōng yuán qián 3 shì jì dào gōng yuán qián 1 shì jì）。 zài zhè gè qī jiān， xī là de gè gè chéng shì hái dū bǎo liú yī xiē zì zhù quán， dàn tā men diū shī liǎo hěn duō tā men zhī qián de quán lì hé wēi xìn。 luó mǎ rén zài gōng yuán qián 146 nián duì xī là zuì zhōng de wán quán zhàn lǐng shǐ xī là zhè gè guó jiā bìng rù liǎo dà luó mǎ dì guó de bǎn tú。 zài luó mǎ tǒng zhì qī jiān ( gōng yuán qián 1 shì jì dào gōng yuán 3 shì jì ), dà duō luó mǎ huáng dì dōushì xī là wén huà de qīn pèi zhě， bìng qiě yǒu hǎo de cù jìn xī là chéng shì de fā zhǎn， tè bié shì yǎ diǎn。 tōng guò chuán dào zhě bǎo luó zài gōng yuán qián 1 shì jì qī jiān de lǚ xíng。 jī dū jiào， zhè gè xīn de zōng jiào xìn yǎng zhú jiàn de fā zhǎn dào zhěng gè xī là。 xiàn zài xǔ duō de lǚ yóu zhě dào xī là láidōu kě yǐ zài shù bǎi gè kǎo gǔ yí zhì kàn dào xī là lì shǐ cóng jiù shí qì shí dài dào luó mǎ shí dài de“ shǒu yìn”， fēn bù zài xī là de gè gè dì qū de kǎo gǔ bó wù guǎn hé shōu cáng shì。 kāng sī tǎn dīng jué dìng bǎ luó mǎ dì guó de shǒu dū cóng luó mǎ qiān dào jūn shì tǎn dīng bǎo ( gōng yuán 324 nián )， cóng 'ér bǎ guó jiā de lì liàng zhuǎn yí dào dì guó de dōng bù。 zhè cì qiān dū biāo zhì zhe xī là jìn rù liǎo bài zhàn tíng dì guó shí dài de chū qī。 zài 1204 nián yǐ hòu， dāng jūn shì tǎn dīng bǎo bèi dì sì cì shí zì jūn gōng xiàn， tā men fàng qì liǎo xī là bù fēn dì fāng， yīn wéi wēi ní sī rén rèn wéi wèile kòng zhì mào yì tōng dào， ài qín hǎi zhàn jù liǎo zhàn lüè wèi zhì ( hǎi dǎo huò yán hǎi chéng shì )。 1262 nián jūn shì tǎn dīng bǎo de yóu bài zhàn tíng rén zài shōu fù biāo zhì zhe zuì hòu jiē duàn de dì guó shí dài de cún zài。 cóng 14 shì jì tǔ 'ěr qí mín zú zhú jiàn de kāi shǐ liǎo zhàn lǐng dì guó de bù fēn， 1453 nián jūn shì tǎn dīng bǎo bèi tǔ 'ěr qí rén gōng xiàn。 1669 nián kè lǐ tè dǎo shì tǔ 'ěr qí rén jiāng zhàn lǐng de xī là de zuì hòu bù fēn。 dà yuē zài suí hòu de sì gè shì jì kè lǐ tè bèi tǔ 'ěr qí rén zhàn lǐng， zhí dào 1821 nián xī là dú lì zhàn zhēng de bào fā。 hěn duō jì niàn bēi cóng bài zhàn tíng shí qī hé tǔ 'ěr qí dì guó shí qī bǎo cún dào xiàn zài， lì rú bài zhàn tíng shì hé bō sī tè - bài zhàn tíng shì de jiào táng hé sēng dào yuàn， tǔ 'ěr qí shì jiàn zhù， mí rén de bài zhàn tíng hé fǎ lán xī shì de chéng bǎo， hái yòu gè shì gè yàng de jì niàn bēi， děng děngdōu bǎo liú zhe tā men zì jǐ de fēng gé。 1830 nián xī là dú lì zhàn zhēng de jiēguǒ biāo zhì zhe dú lì de xī là wáng guó de xíng chéng， rán 'ér， guó tǔ miàn jī shí fēn yòu xiàn。 zài 19 shì jì mò hé 20 shì jì chū qī qī jiān， suí zhe xī là rén kǒu de zēng jiā， xī là guó tǔ yě zhú bù wán zhěng。 1920 nián， yī cì shì jiè dà zhàn yǐ hòu， xī là de guó tǔ dé dào liǎo zuì dà de xiàn dù yán shēn， zǒng lǐ wéi ní zé luó sī de gòng xiàn yóu wéi tū chū。 xī là gēn jù dāng shí de xíng shì zài dì 'èr cì shì jiè dà zhàn jié shù shí yǔ duō dé kǎ ní sī qún dǎo hé bìng。 1974 nián， zài 7 nián de zhuān zhèng yǐ hòu， yóu quán tǐ gōng mín biǎo jué tōng guò， guó jiā cóng jūn zhù lì xiàn zhì zhuǎn biàn chéng gòng hé zhì ;1981 nián， xī là chéng wéi 'ōu gòng tǐ de zhèng shì chéng yuán guó。 gōng gòng wèi shēng wèile què bǎo bì yào de shēn tǐ jiàn kāng， lái zì 'ōu méng guó jiā xī wàng dào xī là lǚ yóu de lǚ yóu zhě bì xū suí shēn xié dài 'ōu zhōu shēn tǐ jiàn kāng zhèng míng（ EHIC） huò zhě rèn hé yóu dāng dì shè huì 'ān quán de quán wēi bù mén qiān fā de xiāng guān de hé fǎ zhèng míng。 yīn cǐ， xī là kě yǐ tí gōng yǐ xià xiāng guān de zhì liáo： 1 ． dào xiá qū de IKA（ shè huì 'ān quán xié huì） jiàn kāng bù mén（ lián hé yī yuàn） huò zhě yī shēng bàn gōng shì jiē shòu zhì liáo。 2． dì fāng mén zhěn（ yǐ qián de xiāng cūn mén zhěn） huò zhě dào gōng lì yī yuàn de jiàn kāng zhōng xīn。 3． hé tóng yī yuàn de mén zhěn bù mén。 wèile què bǎo bì yào de shēn tǐ jiàn kāng， lái zì 'ōu méng yǐ wài guó jiā de lǚ xíng zhě dào xī là lǚ yóu qián bì xū yào cān kǎo dāng dì de shè huì 'ān quán bù mén de tí gōng xiāng guān xìn xī。 jǐn jí jiù zhù diàn huà jiù hù chē： 166 SOS： 1016 zhí bān yī yuàn hé mén zhěn： 1434 zhòngdú jí jiù： 2107793777 yào fāng： 1434 jiǔ jīng huò dú yǐn jiù zhù rè xiàn： 2103617089 1981 Greece formally joined the European Union. The current currency is the euro. Greek economy to free enterprise system, and coordinated by the Economic and Fiscal Affairs Committee and the WTO rules and restrictions, Greece is a member of the two financial institutions. Acropolis National administrations Greece is divided into 13 administrative regions, which are known as Peripheries (District). The next level of administrative region is called the Nomos (area). Where a total of 51 districts and one autonomous region (in the holy state). Local communities, Dimos (City) or Kinotita (Club) named a total of 130 900 Town and community. Weather Greece has a Mediterranean climate and abundant sunshine, mild temperatures and little rainfall. Because the rugged terrain of Greece and the distribution between the mainland and the ocean, so there's a variety of climate change. Summer is usually referred to as "迈尔特米亚" seasonal wind system cooling the warm subtropical climate, although the mountains the temperature is lower. Winter climate is mild, with small amount of rain and snow, but the mountain is usually covered with snow. Olympia History Greek origins can be traced to the earliest Paleolithic humans (about 12,000-10,000 years BC) In the late Neolithic Age (about 7,000-3,000 BC) was the heyday of Greek culture. In Thessaly, Macedonia, Peloponnese peninsula and other regions have found that many Neolithic cemetery. The origin of the Bronze Age (about 3000 BC -1100) of an urban area in the Aegean Sea (Poliochni an island in Lemnos). Peak in Crete, mainland Greece and the Greek Islands Kick Gladys northeast, is typical of the cultural development of the region. 2 thousand years BC, the early emergence in Crete Minoan palace of organized society, and led to the emergence and development of the initial text. The Knossos palace as the center, Minoan people created a human connection with the network of the Eastern Mediterranean, they accepted the cultural elements of the Eastern Mediterranean, and the Greek mainland and the Aegean islands, causing a decisive influence on the culture. Mycenaean Greek mainland people use 克里特圣托里尼 volcanic eruption (yuan before 1500 or so) a serious loss of this factor, emerged as the Yuan period before the 1100 Aegean region's dominant. In Mycenaean Mycenaean city, Tiryns, Pylos, Thebes, Gla, Athens and the construction of the castle Iolkos Nigeria constitute the center of the tin dominance. The largest damage was Mycenaean element pre 1200 or so, and led to the decline of Mycenaean civilization, and a large number of immigrants to the coast of Asia Minor and Cyprus (the first Greek colony) of the transfer. During the 4th century BC, the emergence of new forces. Philip II and his son, Alexander, the Macedonians began to play a leading role in Greece. Alexander's expedition to the East and the conquest of the Indian occupation of the area near the river has changed the world now has formed a pattern. Because Alexander's death, he founded the empire among his descendants collapse, resulting in the Greek era after the establishment of an independent Kingdom, the prevalence of the situation (3rd century BC to 1st century BC). During this period, the Greek cities also have to retain some autonomy, but before they lost a lot of their rights and prestige. The Romans in 146 BC, the complete occupation of Greece, the Greek final this country into a large map of the Roman Empire. In Rome during the reign (1st century BC to the 3rd century AD), most of the Roman emperor who are the admiration of Greek culture, and promote the Greek city-friendly development, especially in Athens. Through the Apostle Paul in the 1st century BC, during the trip. Christianity, the gradual development of the new religion to the whole Greece. Now many tourists come to Greece can be seen at the behest of hundreds of Greek archaeological history from the Paleolithic to the Roman era of the "fingerprints", distributed in various regions of Greece, the archaeological museum and the collection room. Many monuments from the Byzantine period and saved the Turkish Empire to the present, for example, Byzantine and Post - Byzantine churches and monk homes, Turkish architecture, Byzantine and charming French-style castle, and all kinds of monuments , and so have had their own style. 1830 results mark the Greek War of Independence the formation of the independent Kingdom of Greece, however, very limited land area. In the late 19th and early 20th century period, with the increase in the population of Greece, the Greek territory gradually complete. In 1920, after World War I, the land of Greece has been an extension of the maximum limit, the Prime Minister 维尼泽罗斯 The contribution of the outstanding. Greek form of the then end of the Second World War combined with the Dodecanese Islands. In 1974, after 7 years of dictatorship, a vote by all citizens, the state transition from a monarchy into a republic; 1981, Greece became a full member of the European Community. Public Health In order to ensure the necessary health, from the European Union countries want tourist to travel to Greece to carry proof of good health in Europe (EHIC) or any authority by the local department of social security issue related to the legal proof. Therefore, Greece can provide the following treatment: 1. To the jurisdiction of the IKA (Social Security Institute) Health Sector (United Hospital) or doctor's office for treatment. 2. Local clinic (formerly Village clinic) or public hospitals to health centers. 3. Contract hospital outpatient departments. In order to ensure the necessary health, travelers from countries outside the EU before traveling to Greece to refer to the local social security departments to provide relevant information. Emergency Response Ambulance: 166 SOS: 1016 Duty of hospitals and clinics: 1434 Poisoning: 2107793777 Prescription: 1434 Alcohol or drug help line: 2103617089 |
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