| 网笔号： | 圣穆景文孝皇帝 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 庙号： | 昭宗 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 陵墓： | 和陵 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
阅读李晔 Li Ye在诗海的作品!!! | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
唐昭宗李晔（867 年－904年），原名杰，又名敏，汉族，是唐朝第20位皇帝（去武则天以外，889年—904年在位），历史上的唐昭宗可以说是一个悲剧性的皇帝，昭宗嗣位时二十一岁，是一个聪明而又有才能的年轻人，他充分了解阻碍恢复唐朝力量和权威的形势，并发誓自己要复兴王朝。但是唐朝已经积弱难返，回天无力。这种境况恰恰是昭宗的哥哥僖宗（公元873－888年在位）造成的。谥号：圣穆景文孝皇帝；庙号：唐昭宗、安葬地和陵；曾用年号：龙纪、大顺、景福、乾宁、光化、天复、天佑。
王仙芝，黄巢大起义。黄巢率领起义军在全国流动作战。最后攻进了长安，唐僖宗步唐玄宗的后尘避蜀。僖宗逃到成都后，在成都向各路节度使封官许愿，又借助沙陀兵来平叛。加上农民军朱温等人的叛变，黄巢兵败，退出长安，后在山东自杀。起义被平定后，以往在形式上听命于中央的节度使们，现在也无视朝廷了。
僖宗病危时，群臣因僖宗子幼，拟立皇弟吉王保为嗣君，只有宦官杨复恭请立皇弟寿王杰（杰）。寿王正是后来的昭宗，他与僖宗同母所生，僖宗一再出奔，寿王都随从左右，僖宗也特别倚重他。于是由复恭倡议，奏请僖宗，此时僖宗已经不能说话，只是略微点头算是恩准了，于是文德元年（公元888年）三月下诏立寿王杰（杰）为皇太弟，监军国事。当天就由中尉刘季述，率禁兵迎入寿王，安置在少阳院，由宰相孔纬，杜让能带人去观察。群臣见他“体貌明粹，饶有英气，亦皆私庆得人”。第二天日，僖宗就驾崩了，遗诏命太弟嗣位，改名为敏，寿王即位柩前，又改名为晔，是谓昭宗。昭宗圣穆景文孝皇帝讳晔，懿宗第七子。母曰惠安皇后王氏。咸通八年三月二十二日。生于东内。以其日为嘉会节。咸通十三年四月封寿王，名杰（杰）。乾符四年。遥镇幽州。文德元年三月。立为皇太弟。监国。改名敏。翌日。即位。改名晔。（转自《新唐书》卷二）
生平
在昭宗即位的第一年，主要政治问题仍然是宦官控制朝政的问题，此时的宦官头目正是力排众议拥立昭宗即位的杨复恭。昭宗这个人从来没有像他哥哥僖宗依赖田令孜那样依赖杨复恭。在即位之后，昭宗立即向宰相们表明，他希望由宰相掌握朝政。宰相们于是劝告昭宗要果断地抑制宦官的势力，就像当初宣宗以前试图做的那样。正像本书里写的那样，杨复恭最后被李茂贞和王行瑜的联军打败，并被王行瑜的士兵俘获，带回京师处死。这件事使李茂贞和王行瑜的势力迅速膨胀，也为后来昭宗个人所受的挫折埋下了种子。
当昭宗为重掌朝纲而进行斗争时，他又陷入与李克用的敌对行动之中。虽然李克用是剿灭黄巢的最大功臣，但是藩镇和朝廷双方都对沙陀突厥的最终目的存有戒心。因为沙陀对朝廷的效劳只是在允许他们占领大部分河东的情况下才取得的，从河东他们可以威胁关中、河南和河北。华北许多地方都普遍对突厥人怀有恐惧之心，这就给朝廷提供了一个极好的机会去采取主动行动和对他们组织一场得到广泛支持的战役，以显示昭宗的领导地位，甚至使朝廷恢复对关中以外的疆土的控制。
这一计划的主要倡议者是怀有利己的政治目的的两个宰相张濬和孔纬，因为他们希望胜利会增强自己的力量，使他们有可能彻底根除朝廷中的宦官，结束宦官对大唐军队的控制。大多数的朝臣反对这个计划，其中包括另外两名宰相刘崇望和杜让能。昭宗自己也相当动摇恐慌，但是战胜杨复恭的喜悦已经蒙蔽了昭宗的双眼，最后不顾反对而批准了这一方案。这场战争的结果本书中也已经提到了，对李克用之战是唐朝对京畿区之外最后一次积极干预行动。从那时起直到大唐灭亡为止，朝廷完全忙于抵御长安周围那些越来越咄咄逼人的和怀有敌意的节度使，朝廷自身也继续为内部斗争所折磨。
讨伐李克用的失败使藩镇对朝廷更加藐视，最直接和最可怕的对手就是李茂贞。此时的李茂贞已经加封为陇西郡王，势力有了大的发展，他开始对朝政关心起来，有了当皇帝的意思。一些大臣认为他指手画脚，眼中没有君主，便对他加以斥责。李茂贞不肯服软，立即修书一封反击。朝中一些大臣为了巩固自己的权势，也和李茂贞联合，对抗其他大臣，这使李茂贞更加骄横，言语当中经常有不恭敬之词。
景福二年（公元893年）七月李茂贞在一封写给昭宗的信中嘲笑朝廷的软弱态度，信的结尾这是那句明言，“未审乘舆播越，自此何之！”，唐昭宗勃然暴怒，与宰相杜让能商议惩罚李茂贞，杜让能却进谏道：“陛下初登大宝，国难未平，茂贞近在国门，不宜与他构怨，万一不克，后悔难追。”昭宗大骂让能：“王室日卑，号令不出国门，这正志士愤痛的时候，朕不能坐视陵夷，卿但为朕调兵输饷，朕自委诸王用兵，成败与卿无干。” 战争是打响了，但朝廷的军队还是以失败告终，李茂贞领兵进军长安问罪。忠心的宰相杜让能站出来，用性命为昭宗化解了一难。此后大臣们也和昭宗走的远了。
至于第十章写到的兵柬事件发生在乾宁元年（公元894年），李克用也正是因为这件事，把触角首次插入了京畿道，因为国库空虚，昭宗只好把后宫的绝色美女作为礼品奖给李克用。
乾宁二年，李茂贞又指使宦官杀死了另一个宰相崔绍纬，再次移师长安，昭宗被迫逃往河东去寻求李克用的庇护。而走到半路被李茂贞的盟友，华州刺史韩建追上，韩建恐吓昭宗说：“车驾渡河，无复还期。”挟持昭宗于乾宁三年七月十七抵达华州，堂堂一国之君就这样被大臣幽禁了将近三年，期间皇室宗亲覃王嗣周，延王戒丕，通王滋，沂王禋，彭王惕，丹王允，及韶王、陈王、韩王、济王、睦王等十一人被杀，直到乾宁五年。
这一年朱温占据了东都洛阳，局势发生了重大变化。这导致李茂贞、韩建和李克用建立暂时的联盟，他们决定宁可让昭宗回到长安，也不能让他落到朱温手里。于是昭宗在乾宁五年的八月回到长安，同时宣布改元“光化”，以资庆祝。
一回到长安，在宦官和官僚们之间的旧有矛盾又引起了另一场危机。以中尉刘季述为首的宦官垂死挣扎，进行最后的抗争，他们策划废黜昭宗，拥立太子。光化三年（公元900年）十一月，宦官们实现了他们的计划，将昭宗关在了他最熟悉的少阳院，为了防止昭宗逃跑，又熔铁浇在锁上，每日的饭食则从墙跟挖的小洞里送进去。
但是宦官们害怕李克用，李茂贞和韩建等人会兴师问罪，将包袱抛给了朱温。而朱温并不想在残酷的宫廷政治中使自己陷得太深，相反他派人将实行政变的宦官们一个一个都暗杀了，于光化四年拥立昭宗复位，昭宗改元天复，加封朱温为东平王。
而李茂贞听说昭宗复位，特意从凤翔赶到长安，厚颜无耻的请求加封岐王，无功受禄，显得异常跋扈。此后宰相崔胤想借朱温的力量诛杀宦官，大宦官韩全诲则和李茂贞联合，请来李茂贞的几千兵马驻守京城，保护长安。半年后朱温领兵讨伐韩全诲，韩全诲便迫使昭宗一起逃到了凤翔。朱温紧追不舍，将凤翔城包围起来。一直围困了一年多，李茂贞守得粮草用尽，从冬到春，雨雪又多，城里每天饿死和冻死的就有一千人，唐昭宗在宫中弄个小磨，每天磨豆麦喝粥，喝得他一点力气也没有。宫人们每天也有三四人死亡，百姓更惨，吃人的现象都很普遍了，“人肉每斤值百钱，犬肉值五百钱，每日进奉御膳，就把此肉充当。”直到天复三年（公元903年）正月李茂贞实在没法再守下去了，和昭宗商量了一下，便将韩全诲等二十多名宦官斩杀，将他们的首级送给城外的朱温，同时将昭宗也交给了朱温。朱温带着到手的皇帝撤兵东去。
回到长安，朱温命令他的士兵将几百名剩下的宦官赶到内侍省，在那里将他们残酷地杀掉，困惑中晚唐的宦官问题终于被朱温解决了。但是昭宗也完全落入了朱温的监控之下，苟延残喘的度过了他生命中的最后时光。大概是为了报答朱温，昭宗任命朱温为诸道兵马副元帅，相当于军队副总司令。又加封朱温为梁王，并赐“回天再造竭忠守正功臣”的荣誉称号，还有御笔《杨柳词》五首。朱温早就利欲熏心，看重的怎会是这些呢。
天复四年正月，朱温将昭宗迁到由他控制的重建的汴梁。在途中杀害了所有剩下来的皇帝侍从。八月，朱温密令朱友恭、氏叔琮等人弑杀昭宗。
纵观昭宗的一生，他颇想有番作为，整顿内政，但是事与愿违，大唐事实上早已经支离破碎，任何一个手中有些兵力的藩镇几乎都能随心所欲地置大唐于死地，昭宗所作的，只是勉强使大唐多存在了几年而已。
后妃
皇后
积善皇后 何皇后
后妃
昭仪 李渐荣
子女
皇子
昭宗十七子：积善皇后生裕及哀皇帝，余皆失母之氏、位。
德王李裕，大顺二年始王。帝幸华州，韩建已夺诸王兵，不自安，乃请王皇子之未王者，既又杀诸王，因请立裕为皇太子，释言于四方，时乾宁四年也。刘季述等幽帝东内，奉裕即皇帝位。季述诛，裕匿右军，或请杀之，帝曰：“太子冲孺，贼强立之，且何罪？”诏还少阳院，复为王。朱全忠自凤翔还，见王春秋盛，标宇轩秀，忌之，密语崔胤曰：“王既窃帝矣，大义灭亲，渠可留？公任宰相，盍启之？”胤从容言如全忠意，帝不许。它日，以语全忠，全忠曰：“此国大事，臣安敢与？此必胤卖臣也。”乃免。帝迁洛，它日谓蒋玄晖曰：“德王，朕爱子，全忠奈何欲杀之？”言已泣下，自啮指流血。玄晖即擿语全忠，全忠恚。帝被杀，玄晖置酒邀诸王九曲池，饮酣，皆杀之，投尸水中。
棣王李祤，乾宁元年始王，与虔、沂、遂三王同封。
虔王李禊。
沂王李禋。
遂王李祎。
景王李秘，乾宁四年始王，与祁王同封。
祁王李祺。
雅王李禛，光化元年始王，与琼王同封。
唐哀帝，母何皇后。
琼王李祥。
端王李祯，天祐元年始王，与丰、和、登、嘉四王同封。
丰王李祁。
和王李福。
登王李禧。
嘉王李祜。
颍王李禔，天祐二年始王，与蔡王祐同封。
蔡王李祐。
公主
新安公主，母不详。
平原公主，积善皇后所生。帝在凤翔，以主下嫁李茂贞子李继偘，后谓不可。帝曰：“不尔，我无安所！”是日，宴内殿，茂贞坐帝东南，主拜殿上。继偘族兄弟皆西向立，主遍拜之。及帝还，朱全忠移茂贞书，取主还京师。
信都公主，母不详。
益昌公主，母不详。
唐兴公主，母不详。
德清公主，母不详。
太康公主，母不详。
永明公主，母不详，蚤薨。
新兴公主，母不详。
普安公主，母不详。
乐平公主，母不详。
所用年号
龙纪 公元889年 大顺 公元890—891年 景福 公元892—893年 乾宁 公元894—898年 光化 公元898—901年 天复 公元901—904年 天佑 公元904年
Emperor Tang Zhaozong Li Ye (867 -904), the original name Jie, also known as Min, Han nationality, was the 20th emperor of the Tang Dynasty (Empress Wu to go outside, 889 -904 years in office), the history of Emperor Tang Zhaozong can be said a tragic Emperor, Zhao Zongsi at time of 21 years old, is a intelligent, talented young man, he fully understand the power and authority of the Tang Dynasty impede restoration of the situation, and vowed themselves to Renaissance dynasty. But Tang has been weak and difficult to return, conceding. This situation is exactly Akimune brother Xi cases (reigned AD 873-888) created. Posthumous name: Xiao Sheng Mu Jingwen Emperor; Temple name: Emperor Tang Zhaozong, buried and Tombs; have used reign: Lung Chi, Tai Shun, King Fook, dry Ning, photochemical, day rehabilitation, God Bless.
Wang Xianzhi, Huang Chao major uprising. Huang Chao led the movement of rebels fighting in the country. Finally scored the Chang'an, Tang Xizong Emperor's lead to avoid further Shu. Cases fled to Chengdu, Xi after the Chengdu Jiedushi spoils to separate ways, but also with other races to counter-insurgency troops. With farmers and others the military mutiny Taizu of Later Liang, Huang Chao defeated, exit Chang'an, later committed suicide in Shandong. After the uprising was put down, in the past in the form of orders from the central military commissioner who now ignore a court.
Xi were dying, the ministers for Xi Muneko the young, to be established for the Si Jun Huang Di Ji Wang Bao, Yang Fu Gong please only eunuch Li Huang Di Ting Wang Jie (Jie). Shou Wang was later Akimune, with his mother were born with Xi, Xi were repeated, fled, Shou Wang has gone after about Xi were also particularly relied on him. So the initiative by the Fu Gong, Xi petitioned cases, then Xi cases have been unable to speak, but nodded slightly be the mapping, and then Bonaventure Dynasty (AD 888) in March issued an edict Li Ting Wang Jie (Jie) as Huang Tai Di , jianjun affairs. Lieutenant Wang Bi by the state on the same day, the rate Jinbing welcome into the Shou Wang, placed in Shaoyang Hospital, by the prime minister Kong Wei, Du allow people to observe the band. The ministers to see him, "Aspect Ming Cui, Raoyou Ying Qi, Beijing and Taipei have one private celebration." Next day were on the Jiabeng Xi, and Yi Zhao life too brother Siwei, renamed Min, Shou Wang came to the throne coffin, then renamed Ye, is that Akimune. Emperor Xiao Sheng Mu Jingwen Akimune taboo Ye, Yizong seventh child. Mu Yue Hoi An Empress Wang. Northern Sung Painting eight years on March 22. Born in the East. Kerry will be their day festival. Feng Shou Wang Northern Sung Painting 10 years in April, name Jie (Jie). Qian Fu four years. You state remote town. Wind the first year of March. Established as Huang Tai brother. Supervisor State. Renamed Min. The next day. Throne. Renamed Ye. (Transfer from "New Book of Tang," Volume II)
Life
When Akimune to regain Asatsuna struggling, he fell into hostilities with Rick being used. Although Huang Chao Li Ke exterminate use is the biggest player, but the military governors, and the court both the ultimate goal of the Shatuo Turks wary. Shatuo on the court because the service of only allowing them to hold most of the Dong-won progress under the circumstances, the threat they can off from the east of the river in Henan and Hebei. In many parts of northern China are generally fearful of the Turks the heart, which gives the court has provided an excellent opportunity to take the initiative and they organized a widely supported campaign to show Akimune leadership, even to court's resumption of relations in the territory outside the control.
Rick used to suppress the failure of military governors of the more contempt for the court, the most direct and most terrible opponent is Li Maozhen. Li Maozhen at this time has been sealed for the Longxi Dukes, power has been great development, he started up on the affairs of state concern, with the meaning when the emperor. Some ministers think he indiscreet eyes there is no monarch, he would be reprimanded. Li Maozhen refused to cave, and immediately Xiushuyifeng counterattack. Towards some of the ministers in order to consolidate their power, but also, and Li Maozhen joint, against the other ministers, which makes Li Maozhen more arrogant, words which are often not respectful of the story.
As the 10th chapter says Cambodian soldiers occurred in the dry Ning Dynasty (AD 894), Rick is precisely because of this incident with, the antennae inserted Gyeonggi first, because the treasury empty, Akimune had to Temple The stunning beauty with a gift awarded to Rick.
Rather dry years, Li Maozhen then ordered killed by another prime minister eunuch Cui Shao Wei, again moved to Chang'an, Akimune forced to flee east of the river to seek refuge with Rick. And go half way Li Maozhen ally, China prefectural governor to catch up with Han Jian, HAN Jian-threatening Akimune said: "driving them to cross the river, nothing as yet of." Hijack Akimune in dry Ning arrived in China three years on July 17 states, imposing one Jun country it has been nearly three years, Minister of confinement, during the royal clan Qinwang Si Zhou, Yan Wang quit Pi, Tung Wang Zi, Yi Wang sacrifice, Peng Wang Ti, Dan Wang Yun, and Shao Wang, Chen Wang, Han Wang, Economic Wang, Mu Wang and other 11 people were killed and five years until rather dry.
This year Taizu of Later Liang occupied the east of Luoyang, the situation has undergone major changes. This led to Li Maozhen, South Korea and construction of the establishment of a temporary alliance with Rick, they decided to rather let Akimune back to Chang'an, nor does he fall into the hands Taizu of Later Liang. So Akimune five years in August in the dry Ning Chang Back, also announced the reign title "actinic" a token of celebration.
A return to Chang'an, the eunuchs and the bureaucrats of the old contradiction between the rise to another crisis. To eunuchs, led by Lieutenant LIU Ji-out death throes, final fight, they are planning deposed Akimune, crowned Prince. Photochemical three years (AD 900) in November, eunuchs achieve their plans, will Akimune kept in his most familiar Shaoyang Hospital, in order to prevent Akimune escape, then pouring molten iron in the lock, the daily meals from the wall with a small hole dug into delivery.
But the fear of Rick with eunuchs, Li Maozhen and Han Jian, who will send a punitive expedition, the burden thrown a Taizu of Later Liang. The Taizu of Later Liang court do not want to brutal political manipulation to their in too deep, on the contrary he sent someone to the implementation of the coup's eunuchs are assassinated one by one, in four years crowned Akimune photochemical reduction, Akimune reign title days of recovery, sealed Taizu of Later Liang for the Dongping Wang.
And Li Maozhen heard Akimune reset, specially arrived from Fengxiang Chang, brazen request sealed Qi Wang, no dole, was extremely domineering. Since then the prime minister would like to take Taizu of Later Liang Cui Yin forces Heaven's eunuchs, all Hui are big eunuch Korea and Li Maozhen joint, invited Li Maozhen of thousands of soldiers and horses stationed in the capital, Chang'an protection. After six months, all Hui Han crusade Taizu of Later Liang to lead the troops, all Hui Han fled with it to force Akimune Fung Cheung. Taizu of Later Liang followed, the city will be surrounded Fengxiang. Has been under siege for over a year, Li Maozhen Code was fodder exhausted, from winter to spring, rain and snow and great, starve and freeze to death every day in the city alone, there are a thousand people, Emperor Tang Zhaozong get hold of a small mill in the palace, each day grinding wheat He Yu, drink a little strength he did not. Palace of people every day 34 people died, people even worse, the phenomenon of eating is very common, and "human values of 100 per catty money value of 500 dog meat money daily into the Imperial Feng, put the meat as . "until the day of recovery for three years (AD 903) It is impossible for Li Maozhen the first month and then keep going up, and Akimune discuss a bit, they put the whole Hui Han and other 20-odd eunuchs beheaded, their heads sent to City Taizu of Later Liang outside, while Akimune also handed Taizu of Later Liang. Taizu of Later Liang emperors hand with a withdrawal to the east.
Back to Chang'an, Taizu of Later Liang ordered his soldiers arrived several hundred remaining eunuch chamberlain province, where will they brutally killed, confusion in the late Tang Dynasty eunuch Taizu of Later Liang question has been resolved. But Akimune also completely under the control into the Taizu of Later Liang, spent his life struggling the last time. Presumably to reward Taizu of Later Liang, Akimune Taizu of Later Liang was appointed Deputy Marshal Zhu Dao soldiers and horses, equivalent to deputy chief of the armed forces. Also sealed Taizu of Later Liang as King of Liang, and given the "Back to the days of recycling exhaust Tadamori is meritorious," the honorary title, as well as Yubi "willow the word" five. Taizu of Later Liang has long been consumed by greed, How is the value of it.
Complex four days the first month, Taizu of Later Liang will Akimune moved by his control of the reconstruction of Bianliang. On the way to kill the emperor of all the remaining attendants. August, Taizu of Later Liang secret order Zhuyou Gong, Shu-Cong, who's killing of Akimune.
Throughout Akimune life, rather like a fan as he and consolidate internal affairs, but it did not, in fact already fragmented Datang, the hands of any one of the military governors that some troops can be arbitrarily set Datang almost to death, Akimune the only barely existed a few years to more than just Tang.
Empress
Empress
Moriyoshi Ho Queen Queen
Empress
Zhao Yi Rong Li gradually
Child
Prince
Akimune 17 sub: charitable and Mourning Queens Health Emperor Yu, I lost all the s mother, bits.
Di Wang Li Yu, the first year of the beginning of dry Ning Wang, and Qian, Yi, then three kings with the letters.
Qian Wang Li purification.
Yi Wang Lee sacrifice.
Then Li Yi Wang.
Secretary of King Lee, four years before dry Ning Wang, and Qi Wang Feng.
Qi Wang Li Qi.
Ya-zhen Wang Li, the first year of the beginning of photochemical Wang, Qiong Wang and Feng.
Tang Ai, Ho Queen Mother.
Qiong Wang Li Xiang.
Duan Li Zhen, God save the king before the first year, with HSBC, and, Tang, Feng Wang Ka 4.
Feng Wang Li Qi.
And Wang LI Fu.
Teng Wang Li Xi.
Ka Wang Li-hu.
Ying Wang Li-ti, God save the king two years before, and Caiwang You with the seal.
Cai Wang LI You.
Princess
Xin princess, mother unknown.
Plain Princess, charitable Queen born. Emperor in Fengxiang to marry Li Maozhen main sub-Li Kan, not after that. The emperor said: "Do not Dole, I have no security!" Is the day, feast Inner Temple, Shigesada sit Timor southeast of prayer on the Lord. Following the Kan clan brothers were the West to establish, over the worship of the Lord. And the Emperor also, Zhu Quanzhong shift Shigesada book, take the Lord is also the Capital.
The letter was the Princess, mother unknown.
Yichang princess, mother unknown.
Tangxing Gong master, mother unknown.
Deqing princess, mother unknown.
Tai Hong princess, mother unknown.
Sun Princess, the mother is unknown, flea death of a prince.
New princess, mother unknown.
Puan princess, mother unknown.
Leping princess, mother unknown.
The use of reign
Long century AD 889 Dashun AD 892-893 AD 890-891 King Fuk In dry years, rather AD 894-898 AD 898-901 in the photochemical complex on days 901-904 AD 904 AD in God Bless
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