| 網筆號： | 聖穆景文孝皇帝 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 廟號： | 昭宗 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 陵墓： | 和陵 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
閱讀李曄 Li Ye在诗海的作品!!! | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
唐昭宗李曄（867 年－904年），原名傑，又名敏，漢族，是唐朝第20位皇帝（去武則天以外，889年—904年在位），歷史上的唐昭宗可以說是一個悲劇性的皇帝，昭宗嗣位時二十一歲，是一個聰明而又有才能的年輕人，他充分瞭解阻礙恢復唐朝力量和權威的形勢，並發誓自己要復興王朝。但是唐朝已經積弱難返，回天無力。這種境況恰恰是昭宗的哥哥僖宗（公元873－888年在位）造成的。謚號：聖穆景文孝皇帝；廟號：唐昭宗、安葬地和陵；曾用年號：竜紀、大順、景福、乾寧、光化、天復、天佑。
王仙芝，黃巢大起義。黃巢率領起義軍在全國流動作戰。最後攻進了長安，唐僖宗步唐玄宗的後塵避蜀。僖宗逃到成都後，在成都嚮各路節度使封官許願，又藉助沙陀兵來平叛。加上農民軍朱溫等人的叛變，黃巢兵敗，退出長安，後在山東自殺。起義被平定後，以往在形式上聽命於中央的節度使們，現在也無視朝廷了。
僖宗病危時，群臣因僖宗子幼，擬立皇弟吉王保為嗣君，衹有宦官楊復恭請立皇弟壽王傑（傑）。壽王正是後來的昭宗，他與僖宗同母所生，僖宗一再出奔，壽王都隨從左右，僖宗也特別倚重他。於是由復恭倡議，奏請僖宗，此時僖宗已經不能說話，衹是略微點頭算是恩準了，於是文德元年（公元888年）三月下詔立壽王傑（傑）為皇太弟，監軍國事。當天就由中尉劉季述，率禁兵迎入壽王，安置在少陽院，由宰相孔緯，杜讓能帶人去觀察。群臣見他“體貌明粹，饒有英氣，亦皆私慶得人”。第二天日，僖宗就駕崩了，遺詔命太弟嗣位，改名為敏，壽王即位柩前，又改名為曄，是謂昭宗。昭宗聖穆景文孝皇帝諱曄，懿宗第七子。母曰惠安皇后王氏。鹹通八年三月二十二日。生於東內。以其日為嘉會節。鹹通十三年四月封壽王，名傑（傑）。乾符四年。遙鎮幽州。文德元年三月。立為皇太弟。監國。改名敏。翌日。即位。改名曄。（轉自《新唐書》捲二）
生平
在昭宗即位的第一年，主要政治問題仍然是宦官控製朝政的問題，此時的宦官頭目正是力排衆議擁立昭宗即位的楊復恭。昭宗這個人從來沒有像他哥哥僖宗依賴田令孜那樣依賴楊復恭。在即位之後，昭宗立即嚮宰相們表明，他希望由宰相掌握朝政。宰相們於是勸告昭宗要果斷地抑製宦官的勢力，就像當初宣宗以前試圖做的那樣。正像本書裏寫的那樣，楊復恭最後被李茂貞和王行瑜的聯軍打敗，並被王行瑜的士兵俘獲，帶回京師處死。這件事使李茂貞和王行瑜的勢力迅速膨脹，也為後來昭宗個人所受的挫折埋下了種子。
當昭宗為重掌朝綱而進行鬥爭時，他又陷入與李剋用的敵對行動之中。雖然李剋用是剿滅黃巢的最大功臣，但是藩鎮和朝廷雙方都對沙陀突厥的最終目的存有戒心。因為沙陀對朝廷的效勞衹是在允許他們占領大部分河東的情況下纔取得的，從河東他們可以威脅關中、河南和河北。華北許多地方都普遍對突厥人懷有恐懼之心，這就給朝廷提供了一個極好的機會去采取主動行動和對他們組織一場得到廣泛支持的戰役，以顯示昭宗的領導地位，甚至使朝廷恢復對關中以外的疆土的控製。
這一計劃的主要倡議者是懷有利己的政治目的的兩個宰相張濬和孔緯，因為他們希望勝利會增強自己的力量，使他們有可能徹底根除朝廷中的宦官，結束宦官對大唐軍隊的控製。大多數的朝臣反對這個計劃，其中包括另外兩名宰相劉崇望和杜讓能。昭宗自己也相當動搖恐慌，但是戰勝楊復恭的喜悅已經蒙蔽了昭宗的雙眼，最後不顧反對而批準了這一方案。這場戰爭的結果本書中也已經提到了，對李剋用之戰是唐朝對京畿區之外最後一次積極幹預行動。從那時起直到大唐滅亡為止，朝廷完全忙於抵禦長安周圍那些越來越咄咄逼人的和懷有敵意的節度使，朝廷自身也繼續為內部鬥爭所折磨。
討伐李剋用的失敗使藩鎮對朝廷更加藐視，最直接和最可怕的對手就是李茂貞。此時的李茂貞已經加封為隴西郡王，勢力有了大的發展，他開始對朝政關心起來，有了當皇帝的意思。一些大臣認為他指手畫腳，眼中沒有君主，便對他加以斥責。李茂貞不肯服軟，立即修書一封反擊。朝中一些大臣為了鞏固自己的權勢，也和李茂貞聯合，對抗其他大臣，這使李茂貞更加驕橫，言語當中經常有不恭敬之詞。
景福二年（公元893年）七月李茂貞在一封寫給昭宗的信中嘲笑朝廷的軟弱態度，信的結尾這是那句明言，“未審乘輿播越，自此何之！”，唐昭宗勃然暴怒，與宰相杜讓能商議懲罰李茂貞，杜讓能卻進諫道：“陛下初登大寶，國難未平，茂貞近在國門，不宜與他構怨，萬一不剋，後悔難追。”昭宗大駡讓能：“王室日卑，號令不出國門，這正志士憤痛的時候，朕不能坐視陵夷，卿但為朕調兵輸餉，朕自委諸王用兵，成敗與卿無幹。” 戰爭是打響了，但朝廷的軍隊還是以失敗告終，李茂貞領兵進軍長安問罪。忠心的宰相杜讓能站出來，用性命為昭宗化解了一難。此後大臣們也和昭宗走的遠了。
至於第十章寫到的兵柬事件發生在乾寧元年（公元894年），李剋用也正是因為這件事，把觸角首次插入了京畿道，因為國庫空虛，昭宗衹好把後宮的絶色美女作為禮品奬給李剋用。
乾寧二年，李茂貞又指使宦官殺死了另一個宰相崔紹緯，再次移師長安，昭宗被迫逃往河東去尋求李剋用的庇護。而走到半路被李茂貞的盟友，華州刺史韓建追上，韓建恐嚇昭宗說：“車駕渡河，無復還期。”挾持昭宗於乾寧三年七月十七抵達華州，堂堂一國之君就這樣被大臣幽禁了將近三年，期間皇室宗親覃王嗣周，延王戒丕，通王滋，沂王禋，彭王惕，丹王允，及韶王、陳王、韓王、濟王、睦王等十一人被殺，直到乾寧五年。
這一年朱溫占據了東都洛陽，局勢發生了重大變化。這導致李茂貞、韓建和李剋用建立暫時的聯盟，他們决定寧可讓昭宗回到長安，也不能讓他落到朱溫手裏。於是昭宗在乾寧五年的八月回到長安，同時宣佈改元“光化”，以資慶祝。
一回到長安，在宦官和官僚們之間的舊有矛盾又引起了另一場危機。以中尉劉季述為首的宦官垂死掙紮，進行最後的抗爭，他們策劃廢黜昭宗，擁立太子。光化三年（公元900年）十一月，宦官們實現了他們的計劃，將昭宗關在了他最熟悉的少陽院，為了防止昭宗逃跑，又熔鐵澆在鎖上，每日的飯食則從墻跟挖的小洞裏送進去。
但是宦官們害怕李剋用，李茂貞和韓建等人會興師問罪，將包袱拋給了朱溫。而朱溫並不想在殘酷的宮廷政治中使自己陷得太深，相反他派人將實行政變的宦官們一個一個都暗殺了，於光化四年擁立昭宗復位，昭宗改元天復，加封朱溫為東平王。
而李茂貞聽說昭宗復位，特意從鳳翔趕到長安，厚顔無恥的請求加封岐王，無功受祿，顯得異常跋扈。此後宰相崔胤想藉朱溫的力量誅殺宦官，大宦官韓全誨則和李茂貞聯合，請來李茂貞的幾千兵馬駐守京城，保護長安。半年後朱溫領兵討伐韓全誨，韓全誨便迫使昭宗一起逃到了鳳翔。朱溫緊追不捨，將鳳翔城包圍起來。一直圍困了一年多，李茂貞守得糧草用盡，從鼕到春，雨雪又多，城裏每天餓死和凍死的就有一千人，唐昭宗在宮中弄個小磨，每天磨豆麥喝粥，喝得他一點力氣也沒有。宮人們每天也有三四人死亡，百姓更慘，吃人的現象都很普遍了，“人肉每斤值百錢，犬肉值五百錢，每日進奉御膳，就把此肉充當。”直到天復三年（公元903年）正月李茂貞實在沒法再守下去了，和昭宗商量了一下，便將韓全誨等二十多名宦官斬殺，將他們的首級送給城外的朱溫，同時將昭宗也交給了朱溫。朱溫帶着到手的皇帝撤兵東去。
回到長安，朱溫命令他的士兵將幾百名剩下的宦官趕到內侍省，在那裏將他們殘酷地殺掉，睏惑中晚唐的宦官問題終於被朱溫解决了。但是昭宗也完全落入了朱溫的監控之下，苟延殘喘的度過了他生命中的最後時光。大概是為了報答朱溫，昭宗任命朱溫為諸道兵馬副元帥，相當於軍隊副總司令。又加封朱溫為梁王，並賜“回天再造竭忠守正功臣”的榮譽稱號，還有御筆《楊柳詞》五首。朱溫早就利欲熏心，看重的怎會是這些呢。
天復四年正月，朱溫將昭宗遷到由他控製的重建的汴梁。在途中殺害了所有剩下來的皇帝侍從。八月，朱溫密令朱友恭、氏叔琮等人弒殺昭宗。
縱觀昭宗的一生，他頗想有番作為，整頓內政，但是事與願違，大唐事實上早已經支離破碎，任何一個手中有些兵力的藩鎮幾乎都能隨心所欲地置大唐於死地，昭宗所作的，衹是勉強使大唐多存在了幾年而已。
後妃
皇后
積善皇后 何皇后
後妃
昭儀 李漸榮
子女
皇子
昭宗十七子：積善皇后生裕及哀皇帝，餘皆失母之氏、位。
德王李裕，大順二年始王。帝幸華州，韓建已奪諸王兵，不自安，乃請王皇子之未王者，既又殺諸王，因請立裕為皇太子，釋言於四方，時乾寧四年也。劉季述等幽帝東內，奉裕即皇帝位。季述誅，裕匿右軍，或請殺之，帝曰：“太子衝孺，賊強立之，且何罪？”詔還少陽院，復為王。朱全忠自鳳翔還，見王春秋盛，標宇軒秀，忌之，密語崔胤曰：“王既竊帝矣，大義滅親，渠可留？公任宰相，盍啓之？”胤從容言如全忠意，帝不許。它日，以語全忠，全忠曰：“此國大事，臣安敢與？此必胤賣臣也。”乃免。帝遷洛，它日謂蔣玄暉曰：“德王，朕愛子，全忠奈何欲殺之？”言已泣下，自嚙指流血。玄暉即擿語全忠，全忠恚。帝被殺，玄暉置酒邀諸王九麯池，飲酣，皆殺之，投屍水中。
棣王李祤，乾寧元年始王，與虔、沂、遂三王同封。
虔王李禊。
沂王李禋。
遂王李禕。
景王李秘，乾寧四年始王，與祁王同封。
祁王李祺。
雅王李禛，光化元年始王，與瓊王同封。
唐哀帝，母何皇后。
瓊王李祥。
端王李禎，天祐元年始王，與豐、和、登、嘉四王同封。
豐王李祁。
和王李福。
登王李禧。
嘉王李祜。
潁王李禔，天祐二年始王，與蔡王祐同封。
蔡王李祐。
公主
新安公主，母不詳。
平原公主，積善皇后所生。帝在鳳翔，以主下嫁李茂貞子李繼偘，後謂不可。帝曰：“不爾，我無安所！”是日，宴內殿，茂貞坐帝東南，主拜殿上。繼偘族兄弟皆西嚮立，主遍拜之。及帝還，朱全忠移茂貞書，取主還京師。
信都公主，母不詳。
益昌公主，母不詳。
唐興公主，母不詳。
德清公主，母不詳。
太康公主，母不詳。
永明公主，母不詳，蚤薨。
新興公主，母不詳。
普安公主，母不詳。
樂平公主，母不詳。
所用年號
竜紀 公元889年 大順 公元890—891年 景福 公元892—893年 乾寧 公元894—898年 光化 公元898—901年 天復 公元901—904年 天佑 公元904年
Emperor Tang Zhaozong Li Ye (867 -904), the original name Jie, also known as Min, Han nationality, was the 20th emperor of the Tang Dynasty (Empress Wu to go outside, 889 -904 years in office), the history of Emperor Tang Zhaozong can be said a tragic Emperor, Zhao Zongsi at time of 21 years old, is a intelligent, talented young man, he fully understand the power and authority of the Tang Dynasty impede restoration of the situation, and vowed themselves to Renaissance dynasty. But Tang has been weak and difficult to return, conceding. This situation is exactly Akimune brother Xi cases (reigned AD 873-888) created. Posthumous name: Xiao Sheng Mu Jingwen Emperor; Temple name: Emperor Tang Zhaozong, buried and Tombs; have used reign: Lung Chi, Tai Shun, King Fook, dry Ning, photochemical, day rehabilitation, God Bless.
Wang Xianzhi, Huang Chao major uprising. Huang Chao led the movement of rebels fighting in the country. Finally scored the Chang'an, Tang Xizong Emperor's lead to avoid further Shu. Cases fled to Chengdu, Xi after the Chengdu Jiedushi spoils to separate ways, but also with other races to counter-insurgency troops. With farmers and others the military mutiny Taizu of Later Liang, Huang Chao defeated, exit Chang'an, later committed suicide in Shandong. After the uprising was put down, in the past in the form of orders from the central military commissioner who now ignore a court.
Xi were dying, the ministers for Xi Muneko the young, to be established for the Si Jun Huang Di Ji Wang Bao, Yang Fu Gong please only eunuch Li Huang Di Ting Wang Jie (Jie). Shou Wang was later Akimune, with his mother were born with Xi, Xi were repeated, fled, Shou Wang has gone after about Xi were also particularly relied on him. So the initiative by the Fu Gong, Xi petitioned cases, then Xi cases have been unable to speak, but nodded slightly be the mapping, and then Bonaventure Dynasty (AD 888) in March issued an edict Li Ting Wang Jie (Jie) as Huang Tai Di , jianjun affairs. Lieutenant Wang Bi by the state on the same day, the rate Jinbing welcome into the Shou Wang, placed in Shaoyang Hospital, by the prime minister Kong Wei, Du allow people to observe the band. The ministers to see him, "Aspect Ming Cui, Raoyou Ying Qi, Beijing and Taipei have one private celebration." Next day were on the Jiabeng Xi, and Yi Zhao life too brother Siwei, renamed Min, Shou Wang came to the throne coffin, then renamed Ye, is that Akimune. Emperor Xiao Sheng Mu Jingwen Akimune taboo Ye, Yizong seventh child. Mu Yue Hoi An Empress Wang. Northern Sung Painting eight years on March 22. Born in the East. Kerry will be their day festival. Feng Shou Wang Northern Sung Painting 10 years in April, name Jie (Jie). Qian Fu four years. You state remote town. Wind the first year of March. Established as Huang Tai brother. Supervisor State. Renamed Min. The next day. Throne. Renamed Ye. (Transfer from "New Book of Tang," Volume II)
Life
When Akimune to regain Asatsuna struggling, he fell into hostilities with Rick being used. Although Huang Chao Li Ke exterminate use is the biggest player, but the military governors, and the court both the ultimate goal of the Shatuo Turks wary. Shatuo on the court because the service of only allowing them to hold most of the Dong-won progress under the circumstances, the threat they can off from the east of the river in Henan and Hebei. In many parts of northern China are generally fearful of the Turks the heart, which gives the court has provided an excellent opportunity to take the initiative and they organized a widely supported campaign to show Akimune leadership, even to court's resumption of relations in the territory outside the control.
Rick used to suppress the failure of military governors of the more contempt for the court, the most direct and most terrible opponent is Li Maozhen. Li Maozhen at this time has been sealed for the Longxi Dukes, power has been great development, he started up on the affairs of state concern, with the meaning when the emperor. Some ministers think he indiscreet eyes there is no monarch, he would be reprimanded. Li Maozhen refused to cave, and immediately Xiushuyifeng counterattack. Towards some of the ministers in order to consolidate their power, but also, and Li Maozhen joint, against the other ministers, which makes Li Maozhen more arrogant, words which are often not respectful of the story.
As the 10th chapter says Cambodian soldiers occurred in the dry Ning Dynasty (AD 894), Rick is precisely because of this incident with, the antennae inserted Gyeonggi first, because the treasury empty, Akimune had to Temple The stunning beauty with a gift awarded to Rick.
Rather dry years, Li Maozhen then ordered killed by another prime minister eunuch Cui Shao Wei, again moved to Chang'an, Akimune forced to flee east of the river to seek refuge with Rick. And go half way Li Maozhen ally, China prefectural governor to catch up with Han Jian, HAN Jian-threatening Akimune said: "driving them to cross the river, nothing as yet of." Hijack Akimune in dry Ning arrived in China three years on July 17 states, imposing one Jun country it has been nearly three years, Minister of confinement, during the royal clan Qinwang Si Zhou, Yan Wang quit Pi, Tung Wang Zi, Yi Wang sacrifice, Peng Wang Ti, Dan Wang Yun, and Shao Wang, Chen Wang, Han Wang, Economic Wang, Mu Wang and other 11 people were killed and five years until rather dry.
This year Taizu of Later Liang occupied the east of Luoyang, the situation has undergone major changes. This led to Li Maozhen, South Korea and construction of the establishment of a temporary alliance with Rick, they decided to rather let Akimune back to Chang'an, nor does he fall into the hands Taizu of Later Liang. So Akimune five years in August in the dry Ning Chang Back, also announced the reign title "actinic" a token of celebration.
A return to Chang'an, the eunuchs and the bureaucrats of the old contradiction between the rise to another crisis. To eunuchs, led by Lieutenant LIU Ji-out death throes, final fight, they are planning deposed Akimune, crowned Prince. Photochemical three years (AD 900) in November, eunuchs achieve their plans, will Akimune kept in his most familiar Shaoyang Hospital, in order to prevent Akimune escape, then pouring molten iron in the lock, the daily meals from the wall with a small hole dug into delivery.
But the fear of Rick with eunuchs, Li Maozhen and Han Jian, who will send a punitive expedition, the burden thrown a Taizu of Later Liang. The Taizu of Later Liang court do not want to brutal political manipulation to their in too deep, on the contrary he sent someone to the implementation of the coup's eunuchs are assassinated one by one, in four years crowned Akimune photochemical reduction, Akimune reign title days of recovery, sealed Taizu of Later Liang for the Dongping Wang.
And Li Maozhen heard Akimune reset, specially arrived from Fengxiang Chang, brazen request sealed Qi Wang, no dole, was extremely domineering. Since then the prime minister would like to take Taizu of Later Liang Cui Yin forces Heaven's eunuchs, all Hui are big eunuch Korea and Li Maozhen joint, invited Li Maozhen of thousands of soldiers and horses stationed in the capital, Chang'an protection. After six months, all Hui Han crusade Taizu of Later Liang to lead the troops, all Hui Han fled with it to force Akimune Fung Cheung. Taizu of Later Liang followed, the city will be surrounded Fengxiang. Has been under siege for over a year, Li Maozhen Code was fodder exhausted, from winter to spring, rain and snow and great, starve and freeze to death every day in the city alone, there are a thousand people, Emperor Tang Zhaozong get hold of a small mill in the palace, each day grinding wheat He Yu, drink a little strength he did not. Palace of people every day 34 people died, people even worse, the phenomenon of eating is very common, and "human values of 100 per catty money value of 500 dog meat money daily into the Imperial Feng, put the meat as . "until the day of recovery for three years (AD 903) It is impossible for Li Maozhen the first month and then keep going up, and Akimune discuss a bit, they put the whole Hui Han and other 20-odd eunuchs beheaded, their heads sent to City Taizu of Later Liang outside, while Akimune also handed Taizu of Later Liang. Taizu of Later Liang emperors hand with a withdrawal to the east.
Back to Chang'an, Taizu of Later Liang ordered his soldiers arrived several hundred remaining eunuch chamberlain province, where will they brutally killed, confusion in the late Tang Dynasty eunuch Taizu of Later Liang question has been resolved. But Akimune also completely under the control into the Taizu of Later Liang, spent his life struggling the last time. Presumably to reward Taizu of Later Liang, Akimune Taizu of Later Liang was appointed Deputy Marshal Zhu Dao soldiers and horses, equivalent to deputy chief of the armed forces. Also sealed Taizu of Later Liang as King of Liang, and given the "Back to the days of recycling exhaust Tadamori is meritorious," the honorary title, as well as Yubi "willow the word" five. Taizu of Later Liang has long been consumed by greed, How is the value of it.
Complex four days the first month, Taizu of Later Liang will Akimune moved by his control of the reconstruction of Bianliang. On the way to kill the emperor of all the remaining attendants. August, Taizu of Later Liang secret order Zhuyou Gong, Shu-Cong, who's killing of Akimune.
Throughout Akimune life, rather like a fan as he and consolidate internal affairs, but it did not, in fact already fragmented Datang, the hands of any one of the military governors that some troops can be arbitrarily set Datang almost to death, Akimune the only barely existed a few years to more than just Tang.
Empress
Empress
Moriyoshi Ho Queen Queen
Empress
Zhao Yi Rong Li gradually
Child
Prince
Akimune 17 sub: charitable and Mourning Queens Health Emperor Yu, I lost all the s mother, bits.
Di Wang Li Yu, the first year of the beginning of dry Ning Wang, and Qian, Yi, then three kings with the letters.
Qian Wang Li purification.
Yi Wang Lee sacrifice.
Then Li Yi Wang.
Secretary of King Lee, four years before dry Ning Wang, and Qi Wang Feng.
Qi Wang Li Qi.
Ya-zhen Wang Li, the first year of the beginning of photochemical Wang, Qiong Wang and Feng.
Tang Ai, Ho Queen Mother.
Qiong Wang Li Xiang.
Duan Li Zhen, God save the king before the first year, with HSBC, and, Tang, Feng Wang Ka 4.
Feng Wang Li Qi.
And Wang LI Fu.
Teng Wang Li Xi.
Ka Wang Li-hu.
Ying Wang Li-ti, God save the king two years before, and Caiwang You with the seal.
Cai Wang LI You.
Princess
Xin princess, mother unknown.
Plain Princess, charitable Queen born. Emperor in Fengxiang to marry Li Maozhen main sub-Li Kan, not after that. The emperor said: "Do not Dole, I have no security!" Is the day, feast Inner Temple, Shigesada sit Timor southeast of prayer on the Lord. Following the Kan clan brothers were the West to establish, over the worship of the Lord. And the Emperor also, Zhu Quanzhong shift Shigesada book, take the Lord is also the Capital.
The letter was the Princess, mother unknown.
Yichang princess, mother unknown.
Tangxing Gong master, mother unknown.
Deqing princess, mother unknown.
Tai Hong princess, mother unknown.
Sun Princess, the mother is unknown, flea death of a prince.
New princess, mother unknown.
Puan princess, mother unknown.
Leping princess, mother unknown.
The use of reign
Long century AD 889 Dashun AD 892-893 AD 890-891 King Fuk In dry years, rather AD 894-898 AD 898-901 in the photochemical complex on days 901-904 AD 904 AD in God Bless
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