| dōng yà East Asia guógūdàimǎ: |
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dōng yà shì yà zhōu dà lù dōng bù de yī gè qū yù； jiù dì lǐ jí zhèng zhì 'ér lùn， běn qū bāo kuò yǐ xià jǐ gè cì qū yù jí zhèng zhì qū huá：
* dōng yà dà lù： o zhōng huá rén mín gòng hé guó： + zhōng guó dà lù（ hán jìn lù dǎo yǔ） + xiāng gǎng tè bié xíng zhèng qū + ào mén tè bié xíng zhèng qū + nán hǎi zhū dǎo（ bù fēn guǎn xiá） + lìng wài， zhōng huá rén mín gòng hé guó yì shēng chēng yōng yòu tái wān běn dǎo jí qí fù shǔ dǎo yǔ， bāo kuò péng hú qún dǎo hé diào yú tái liè yǔ de zhù quán（ dàn jiē wèi shí jì guǎn xiá）。 o měnggǔ guó * xī tài píng yáng dǎo liàn huò huā cǎi liè dǎo： o 'é luó sī shí jì guǎn xiá de kù yè dǎo hé qiān dǎo qún dǎo o rì běn（ yě kě xiá yì liè wéi dōng běi yà， zhù yào yǐ běi hǎi dào、 běn zhōu、 sì guó hé jiǔ zhōu sì dà dǎo zǔ chéng）， yǐ jí yī dòu zhū dǎo、 xiǎo lì yuán qún dǎo hé shí jì guǎn xiá de liú qiú qún dǎo（ chōng shéng xiàn） o zhōng huá mín guó （ hán tái wān běn dǎo jí fù shǔ dǎo yǔ、 péng hú qún dǎo、 jīn mén qún dǎo、 wū qiū、 mǎ zǔ liè dǎo、 dōng shā qún dǎo、 nán shā qún dǎo zhōng de tài píng dǎo hé zhōng zhōu dǎo； yì xuān chēng yōng yòu diào yú tái liè yǔ jí zhōng guó de zhù quán， shí jì wèi guǎn lǐ） * cháo xiān bàn dǎo（ yě kě xiá yì liè wéi dōng běi yà）： o cháo xiān mín zhù zhù yì rén mín gòng hé guó o dà hán mín guó yǐ xià guó jiā huò dì qū， zài mǒu xiē qíng kuàng xià yě huì bèi liè rù dōng yà de fàn wéi： * é luó sī de yuǎn dōng lǐng tǔ（ dōng xī bó lì yà） * dì lǐ shàng shǔ yú dōng nán yà de yuè nán， yóu yú wén huà shàng shǔ yú dōng yà wén huà juàn， yòu shí yě bèi liè wéi dōng yà de fàn wéi。 yòu shí， dōng yà de fàn wéi bèi guǎng yì dì jiè dìng wéi dōng běi yà（ bāo kuò dōng “ xī bó lì yà ”、 měnggǔ、 zhōng guó dà lù、 xiāng gǎng、 ào mén、 cháo xiān bàn dǎo、 rì běn liè dǎo、 liú qiú qún dǎo yǐ jí tái wān） hé dōng nán yà（ bāo kuò zhōng yìn bàn dǎo yǐ jí mǎ lái qún dǎo、 yìn ní qún dǎo hé fěi lǜ bīn qún dǎo） de zǒng hé， zhè dìng yì zài xī fāng xué shù jiè hé chuán méi hěn pǔ biàn。 zì rán dì lǐ dōng yà dì qū wèi yú yà zhōu dōng bù， tài píng yáng xī 'àn。 zǒng miàn jī yuē 12,000,000 píng fāng gōng lǐ， yuē zhàn quán qiú dà lù miàn jī de 9%。 dì xíng xī gāo dōng dī， chéng sān jí jiē tī： dì yī jí wéi qīngzàng gāo yuán， dì 'èr jí wéi xì liè pén dì hé gāo yuán， dì sān jí wéi dī píng yuán、 qiū líng hé yī xiē hǎi dǎo。 dōng bù yán hǎi dì qū jì fēng qì hòu xiǎn zhù， shì shì jiè shàng zuì diǎn xíng de yà rè dài、 wēn dài jì fēng qì hòu qū， jí dōng yà jì fēng qū， qì hòu shī rùn wēn hé； xī bù nèi lù dì qū wēn dài dà lù xìng qì hòu diǎn xíng， shǔ gān hàn、 bàn gān hàn qì hòu qū； qīngzàng gāo yuán dì qū wéi gāo dì qì hòu qū。 zhù yào yáng liú yòu hēi cháo hé qīn cháo。 běn qū rén kǒu chāo guò 15 yì， zhàn yà zhōu quán tǐ de 40%， yuē dāng shì jiè quán tǐ de sì fēn zhī yī。 běn qū yě shì shì jiè rén kǒu mì dù zuì gāo de dì qū zhī yī； píng jūn měi píng fāng gōng lǐ yuē 130 rén， xiāng dāng yú shì jiè rén kǒu mì dù píng jūn zhí（ měi píng fāng gōng lǐ yuē 40 rén） de 3 bèi。 rén wén jí lì shǐ mín zú yǔ shàng gǔ lì shǐ běn qū rén zhǒng yǐ měnggǔ lì yà zhǒng wéi zhù， jí zhōng zài yán hǎi jí hé gǔ píng yuán。 mín zú fēn bù dà zhì kě fēn wéi shǔ hàn zàngyǔ xì de hàn zú hé zàngzú， shǔ 'ā 'ěr tài yǔ xì de měnggǔ zú、 mǎn zhōu zú， yǐ jí yǔ xì yòu zhēng yì de cháo xiān zú、 dà hé mín zú děng。 zì jù jīn yuē 'èr qiān nián qián de shàng gǔ shí dài yǐ lái， yóu fā yuán yú huáng hé liú yù（ zhōng yuán） de huá xià wén míng suǒ jiàn lì de zhōng yāng jí quán dì guó， jí wéi běn qū zuì zhù yào de quán wēi。 zài zhōng huá dì guó bǐ jiào qiáng shèng de shí qī， yǔ zhōu biān gè yóu mù huò dìng jū mín zú jīng cháng tòu guò jiàn lì cháo gòng guān xì， hù tōng yòu wú； yòu shí zé yǐ wǔ lì jiā yǐ qū zhú。 zhōng huá dì guó de lǐng yù zài qián 3 shì jì zhì qián 1 shì jì jiān wǎng nán fāng jí xī běi fāng dà fú kuò zhāng， jiànjiē huò zhí jiē zào chéng nán yáng hé zhōng yà dì qū de mín zú dà qiān xǐ； rán hòu zài 3、 13 － 14 shì jì、 17 děng shì jì shí， zāo dào běi fāng de yóu mù mín zú dà jǔ qīn rù， shèn zhì zāo dào zhēng fú。 rán 'ér yóu yú huá xià wén míng gēn shēn dì gù qiě huá xià mín zú rén kǒu zhòng duō， zhè xiē céng jīng qīn rù huò zhēng fú zhōng huá dì guó de mín zú héng héng lì rú xiān bēi、 qì dān、 nǚ zhēn、 měnggǔ děng ── hòu láidōu yīn chéng dù bù tóng dì cǎi yòng huá xià de diǎn zhāng zhì dù， ér bèi wán quán huò bù fēn róng rù huá xià mín zú dāng zhōng。 zhè xiē mín zú jiāo liú jí róng hé de lì shǐ， suī rán xǔ duō shí hòu chōng mǎn cán kù de shā lù， dàn zuì zhōng de jiēguǒ shì kuò zhāng liǎo huá xià mín zú de xuè yuán， bìng fēng fù liǎo huá xià wén míng de nèi hán。 cǐ wài， dōng yà qí tā xǔ duō dìng jū de nóng gēng mín zú， rú cháo xiān zú、 yuè zú、 dà hé mín zú děng， zì gǔ jí shēn shòu huá xià wén míng de yǐng xiǎng； shǐ yòng hàn zì shì zhè xiē mín zú de chuán tǒng wén huà dāng zhōng zuì wéi xiǎn zhù de gòng tóng diǎn， yīn cǐ zhè xiē mín zú huó dòng de lǐng yù yě bèi chēng wéi hàn zì wén huà juàn。 fā yuán yú jīn rì rì běn běn zhōu zhōng bù dì qū de dà hé mín zú， zài yuē 5 shì jì shí， yú jīn rì de jìn jī yī dài jiàn lì qǐ yī qiáng dà de wáng guó； dà hé wáng cháo yī miàn fǎng xiào huá xià dì guó de zhōng yāng jí quán tǐ zhì， yī miàn yǐ wǔ lì zhēng fú dǎo nèi qí tā de mín zú， zhú jiàn fā zhǎn chéng tǒng zhì rì běn zhū dǎo de dì guó。 qián xiàn dài de guó jì guān xì huá xià yǔ dà hé liǎng gè dì guó de yǐng xiǎng lì zài cháo xiān bàn dǎo jiāo huì， zài qián xiàn dài shǐ shàng céng jǐ dù yú cǐ bīng róng xiāng jiàn。 rán 'ér dà tǐ 'ér yán， zhí dào shí wǔ shì jì hǎi wài tuò zhí jí mào yì xīng shèng qǐ lái yǐ qián， liǎng guó de lì shǐ guǐ jì chéng xiàn píng xíng fā zhǎn de tài shì。 〔 qǐng cān yuè bái cūn jiāng zhī zhàn、 wén yǒng · hóng 'ān zhī yì、 wō kòu、 wén lù · qìng cháng zhī yì huò rén chén wèi guó zhàn zhēng 〕 shí liù shì jì qǐ， zì 'ōu zhōu dù hǎi dōng lái de xī bān yá、 pú táo yá、 hé lán děng shì lì kāi shǐ zhí jiē yǔ dōng yà wén míng jiāo liú； hǎi shàng mào yì wǎng luò de jiàn lì， yǐ jí xī yáng zuò wù hé rè bīng qì de shū rù， xiāng dāng chéng dù yǐng xiǎng liǎo zhōng、 rì liǎng guó de shí wù gōng yìng néng lì hé zhàn zhēng xíng tài， jiànjiē duì liǎng guó 'ěr hòu de lì shǐ guǐ jì zào chéng suī bù míng xiǎn、 shí jí zhòng dà de yǐng xiǎng。 lì rú， hǎi shàng mào yì hé“ tiě pào”（ huǒ qiāng） de yǐn jìn jí yùn yòng， xiāng dāng dà chéng dù yǐng xiǎng liǎo shí liù shì jì rì běn nèi bù dì qū shì lì de xiāozhǎng， xiāng dāng dà chéng duódì zuǒ yòu liǎo rì běn zhàn guó shí dài qún háo zhēng bà de jiēguǒ。 yòu lì rú fān shǔ děng xīn zuò wù de zhòngzhí suī huǎn hé liǎo huá xià mín zú lǐng yù kě gēng dì kāi fā bǎo hé de wèn tí， què yīn shí wù gōngjǐ de gǎi biàn zào chéng zhōng guó rén kǒu zì shí bā shì jì qǐ bào zēng de jiēguǒ； ěr hòu， guò duō de rén kǒu chéng wéi zhōng guó zhì jīn nán yǐ bǎi tuō de chén zhòng bāo fú。 lìng yī fāng miàn， yǔ“ yuǎn dōng（ TheFarEast）” mào yì de xū qiú， tí gōng liǎo 'ōu zhōu shì lì zài měi、 fēi、 yà zhōu gè dì dà lì fā zhǎn zhí mín zhù yì de yòu yīn； yǐng xiǎng suǒ jí， gěi qí wǎn jìn zī běn zhù yì jí gōng yè gé mìng de xīng qǐ， chuàng zào liǎo yòu lì de kè guān tiáo jiàn。 dào liǎo shí jiǔ shì jì， qián shù fā zhǎn de cháng qī yǐng xiǎng， yǐ jīng zào chéng liǎo 'ōu zhōu yǔ dōng yà zhī jiān jīng jì hé kē jì fā zhǎn chéng dù de jù dà chā jù。 shòu dào xīn xīng xī yáng shì lì yīng guó、 fǎ guó、 měi guó děng qiáng dà jūn shì yōu shì de yā pò， cǐ shí dōng yà de sān gè chuán tǒng“ wáng guó” héng héng qīng dì guó、 jiāng hù mù fǔ hé cháo xiān wáng cháo héng héng jūn bèi pò jiē shòu yǐ 'ōu zhōu wéi hé xīn de guó jì zhèng zhì jí mào yì tǐ xì， bìng bù rù xiàn dài huà zhuǎn xíng de lì shǐ xīn jiē duàn。 dōng yà de xiàn dài huà yǔ guó zú jiàn gòu shòu dào 'ōu zhōu mín zú guó jiā gài niàn de chōng jī， yǐ jí tóng shí dài yì dà lì、 dé yì zhì jiàn guó chéng gōng de cì jī， shí jiǔ shì jì hòu bàn yè yǐ hòu de zhōng、 rì、 hán sān guó zhèng zhì shǐ， kě shì shuō jiù shì yī bù zài xiàn dài huà zhuǎn xíng de bèi jǐng xià， xíng sù gè zì guó zú de“ jiàn guó shǐ”。 rì běn de zūn wáng rǎng yí sī cháo、 dǎo mù yùn dòng， yǐ jí cháo xiàng jiàn lì zhōng yāng jí quán de nèi zhàn hé dì fāng zhì dù biàn gé， shǒu xiān dài lái qí jiàn guó de chéng gōng； jīng guò“ míng zhì wéi xīn” de cháng qī gǎi gé， yuán běn shǔ yú fēng jiàn tǐ xì de rì běn， zài shí jiǔ shì jì mò zhuǎn xíng chéng yī gè dé guó shì jūn zhù lì xiàn de guó jiā。 zài jí yù fǎng xiào xī fāng dì guó zhù yì de xīn tài， yǐ jí shè huì dá 'ěr wén zhù yì sī xiǎng de tuī bō zhù lán xià， rì běn jī jí jiāng qí shì lì shēn rù cháo xiān bàn dǎo， zhōng yú yǐn fā jiá wǔ zhàn zhēng； zhàn zhēng de jiēguǒ， jué dìng xìng dì gǎi biàn liǎo jiāo zhàn shuāng fāng， yǐ jí cháo xiān hé cǐ qián zuò wéi qīng guó lǐng tǔ de tái wān de lì shǐ guǐ jì（ qǐng cān yuè tái wān rì zhì shí dài）。 rì běn zài 'èr shí shì jì chū qī zhú jiàn bù shàng jūn guó zhù yì zhī tú， shì qí běn shēn zhèng zhì tǐ zhì jí guó jì zhàn lüè xíng shì jiāo hù zuò yòng de jiēguǒ。 zài rì qīng、 rì 'é yǔ yī zhàn děng zhàn zhēng jiē lián huò shèng de“ jī lì” xià， rì běn hǎi nèi wài shàozhuàng jūn rén yú fā jiāo zòng， ér guì zú huò wén rén zhèng fǔ jūn wú lì jiā yǐ yuē shù， zhōng yú niàng chéng zhōng rì zhàn zhēng shēng gāo yǐ jí tài píng yáng zhàn zhēng bào fā děng cǎn huò， shǐ rì běn jí xiāng guān lín guó jūn fù chū jí wéi cǎn tòng de dài jià。 zhàn hòu de rì běn zhèng tǐ bèi yǐ zhào měi guó lǐ niàn jiā yǐ gǎi zào， biàn chéng yī gè shí shī dài yì mín zhù jí shí zhì nèi gé zhì de guó jiā。 cháo xiān zài shí jiǔ shì jì hòu bàn yè guó jì jú shì de zuǒ yòu xià， shǒu xiān tuō lí duì zhōng guó de zōng zhù guān xì， yòu bèi rì běn qiáng xíng nà rù shì lì fàn wéi， zhōng yú zài 'èr shí shì jì chū zāo dào jiān bìng。 rán 'ér zài hǎo bù róng yì dú lì、 què yòu lì kè shī qù zì jǐ guó jiā de zhòng dà cì jī xià， hán guó rén mín jīng lì rì běn sà duō nián de zhí mín tǒng zhì， fǎn 'ér gèng jiā jiān dìng liǎo bì xū jiàn lì zì jǐ guó jiā de guó zú yì shí； zhōng yú zài dì 'èr cì shì jiè dà zhàn jié shù yǐ hòu， zài tóng méng guó liè qiáng de gòng shí xià huī fù liǎo hán guó de zhù quán。 rán 'ér， zài měi sū lěng zhàn bèi jǐng xià yú 1950 nián bào fā de hán zhàn， zào chéng cháo xiān bàn dǎo zhèng quán de fēn liè： zài sū zhōng gòng yuán zhù xià kòng zhì bàn dǎo běi fāng de cháo xiān mín zhù zhù yì rén mín gòng hé guó cháng qī shí shī bù shì hé qí guó lì de、 jiào wéi chún cuì de gòng chǎn zhù yì、 jìhuà jīng jì； zài měi yīng děng guó zhī yuán xià kòng zhì bàn dǎo nán fāng de dà hán mín guó zé shí shī guó jiā zī běn zhù yì， zhèng zhì shàng jǐ dù jīng lì jūn fāng gān zhèng de kùn rǎo， zhōng yú zài 1990 nián dài dá chéng mín zhù huà。 nán běi shuāng fāng cháng qī shí xíng bù tóng zhèng、 jīng、 shè huì zhì dù de jiēguǒ， shí zhì shàng zài cháo xiān bàn dǎo shàng chuàng zào liǎo liǎng gè jié rán bù tóng de guó jiā； zài gè fāng miàn dū cún zài jù dà chā yì de qíng xíng xià， cháo hán guó zú de wèi lái tǒng yī， shì bì zài xiàn shí miàn zāo yù zhòng dà de tiǎo zhàn。 zhōng guó zuì chū de xiàn dài huà nǔ lì， zài qīng dì guó de tǒng zhì jiē céng hé chuán tǒng guān liáo jié hé de qiáng dà bǎo shǒu shì lì zhì zhǒu， yǐ jí de rén kǒu wèn tí de tuō lěi xià， wèi néng huò dé xiǎn zhù de chéng gōng。 1911 nián bào fā de gé mìng， zhōng jié liǎo zhè gè yóu fēi huá xià mín zú suǒ jiàn lì de chuán tǒng dì guó de tǒng zhì； huàn yán zhī， zhè gè gé mìng jù yòu mín zú zhù yì jí zhuī qiú xiàn dài huà de shuāngchóng yì yì。 rán 'ér， gé mìng zhī hòu de zhōng guó， suí zhe zhōng yāng jí quán quán wēi de bēng kuì， bù jiǔ jí xiàn rù hùn luàn de jú miàn， wú fǎ yòu xiào tuī zhǎn rèn hé xiàn dài huà zhuǎn xíng suǒ xū de zhèng、 jīng、 shè huì gǎi gé， qiě wú lì pái jù zhū duō wài guó shì lì de gān rǎo。 zài cǐ zhuàng kuàng xià， chóngjiàn duì nèi de quán wēi hé duì wài de zhù quán kě yǐ shuō shì 'èr shí shì jì shàng bàn yè zhōng guó jiàn guó lì chéng zhōng zuì guān jiàn de kè tí。 guó mín gé mìng jūn zài běi fá zhàn zhēng hé zhōng yuán dà zhàn de shèng lì， zài chóngjiàn zhōng yāng quán wēi shàng diàn dìng liǎo yī dìng de jī chǔ。 jiē zhe zài shì jiè dà zhàn de bèi jǐng xià， duì rì kàng zhàn de shèng lì， gěi zhōng guó dài lái liǎo yǔ 'ōu xī liè qiáng jiàn lì píng děng guān xì de qì jī。 zuì hòu， 1949 nián gòng chǎn dǎng gé mìng de chéng gōng， yǐ jí jīng guò cóng 1950 nián dài zhōng qī yán xù dào 1970 nián dài zhōng qī de zhòng duō quán guó xìng qún zhòng yùn dòng de zhèng zhì dòng yuán， zhōng yú zài kè guān shàng dá chéng liǎo jiàn lì yī gè“ zhōng guó guó zú” de lì shǐ mù biāo。 cǐ wài， zhōng huá rén mín gòng hé guó zhí jiē cānyù cháo xiān zhàn zhēng， yǐ jí tā zài 1970 nián dài yǐ hòu bàn yǎn měi sū liǎng qiáng zhī jiān guān jiàn fǎ mǎ de zhàn lüè zhuǎn biàn， jūn zài kè guān shàng dǎo zhì liǎo zhōng guó quán qiú zhàn lüè dì wèi tí shēng de jiēguǒ。 zuì hòu， zhōng guó guó gòng nèi zhàn de jiēguǒ， zài 1950 nián dài lěng zhàn tài shì shēng gāo de bèi jǐng xià， xíng chéng yóu guó mín dǎng suǒ lǐng dǎo de zhèng quán zài tái wān chóngjiàn qí zhì quán de shì shí。 yán yòng zhōng huá mín guó de guó míng hé xiàn zhèng tǐ zhì， yǐ jí zài měi yuán de zhī chí xià， guó fǔ zài tái wān jiàn lì liǎo yī gè shí shī guó jiā zī běn zhù yì de yī dǎng zhuān zhèng tǐ zhì； jīng jì zì 1970 nián dài kāi shǐ kuài sù fā zhǎn， zhèng zhì shàng zé zài 1990 nián dài dá chéng mín zhù huà。 cǐ yī shí qī， zài tái wān de zhōng huá mín guó zhèng quán yǔ zài zhōng guó dà lù de zhōng huá rén mín gòng hé guó zhèng quán zhī jiān de guān xì， cóng jiào zǎo jūn shì、 yì shí xíng tài de chōng tū， dào wǎn jìn zhèng zhì shū lí、 jīng jì hé zuò de tài shì， cuò zōng fù zá（ qǐng cān yuè tái wān wèn tí）； lìng wài， tái wān nèi bù yě yòu tuō lí zhōng guó dú lì jiàn guó de shēng yīn， yǐ jí ruò gān shì tú fā zhǎn tái wān guó zú de zhèng zhì yì shí（ qǐng cān yuè tái wān dú lì yùn dòng）。 zōng shàng suǒ shù， xiàn dài dōng yà qū yù nèi de sān dà guó zú héng héng zhōng guó、 rì běn、 hán guó héng héng dōuzài xiàn dài huà zhuǎn xíng de guò chéng zhōng， bǎo jīng mó nán， cái zhōng yú xíng chéng jīn rì de jǐ gè guó jiā。 jìn guǎn cóng mín zú zhù yì de jiǎo dù chū fā， zhōng guó hé hán guó dōushì shàng wèi wán chéng tǒng yī de guó jiā； rán 'ér zài shí jì de guó jì zhèng jīng guān xì zhōng， běn qū yù nèi de gè gè guó jiā huò zhèng quán， fēn bié yǐ bù tóng de mó shì lù xù kāi zhǎn zhèng zhì、 jīng jì、 shè huì、 kē jì、 jūn shì děng fāng miàn de xiàn dài huà zhuǎn xíng， chú cháo xiān mín zhù zhù yì rén mín gòng hé guó wài， dà tǐ shàng jūn huò dé chéng gōng。 zhèng zhì yǔ jīng jì yóu yú shàng shù gè guó zài xiàn dài huà zhuǎn xíng zhōng qǔ dé chéng gōng， běn qū yù zài shì jiè shàng de zhèng zhì、 jīng jì zhòng yào xìng zhèng rì yì tí shēng。 dāng qián zhōng huá rén mín gòng hé guó yǐ qǔ dé zhàn lüè hé jīng mào dà guó de dì wèi， rì běn zài jīng mào hé kē jì fāng miàn zhàn yòu lǐng xiān dì wèi， zhōng huá mín guó hé dà hán mín guó yědōu zài shì jiè jīng mào tǐ xì zhōng zhēng dé yī xí zhī dì； cǐ wài， shàng shù jǐ gè jīng jì tǐ jiān de fēn gōng hé zuò hé mào yì zhěng hé， gèng zài shì jiè mào yì zǔ zhì（ WorldTradeOrganization）、 yà zhōu tài píng yáng jīng jì hé zuò zǔ zhì（ Asia-PacificEconomicCooperation） děng guó jì zǔ zhì de kuàng jià xià rì qū jǐn mì。 yǐ cǐ qū shì， èr shí yī shì jì de dōng yà， yòu chéng wéi shì jiè yī gè xīn jīng mào hé xīn de qián lì。 rán 'ér zài guǎng fàn cǎi qǔ jīng mào hé zuò de tóng shí， qū yù nèi jǐ gè guó jiā zhī jiān yǐ rán cún zài xiāng dāng chéng dù de zhèng zhì qí jiàn， yǐ jí qián zài de zhàn lüè jìng zhēng yì shí。 chú liǎo cháo xiān bàn dǎo hé tái wān hǎi xiá liǎng 'àn de zhèng zhì wèn tí yǐ wài， rì běn hé zhōng、 hán liǎng guó yīn wéi 'èr zhàn de lì shǐ 'ér xíng chéng de mín zú qíng xù mó cā， yě shì yǐng xiǎng qū yù zhèng zhì wěn dìng de yī gè yīn sù。 lìng wài， jí shǐ lěng zhàn yǐ jīng jié shù， měi guó hé 'é luó sī zuò wéi zhàn lüè dà guó， zài běn qū yù de guó jì shì wù zhōng réng bǎo yòu xiāng dāng chéng dù de yǐng xiǎng lì； cǐ yī céng guān xì gèng shì jiāng qū yù shì wù yǔ quán qiú zhàn lüè jú shì zhěng gè lián xì qǐ lái， xíng chéng yī gè cuò zōng fù zá de guó jì zhèng zhì wǎng luò。 chuán tǒng jīng jì huó dòng jiù chuán tǒng jīng jì 'ér yán， yīn dōng yà dà lù rén kǒu xiāng duì jí zhōng yú dōng nán yán hǎi dì dài， běn qū láo lì mì jí de nóng yè hé shǒu gōng yè jiào wéi fā dá； pèi hé yà rè dài wēn nuǎn cháo shī de qì hòu tiáo jiàn， píng dì zhòngzhí shuǐ dào、 yǎng zhí cán sī， qiū líng zhòngzhí chá yè děng jūn wéi zhòng yào yíng shēng。 běi fāng de wēn dài qì hòu qū zé jiào duō zhòngzhí mài、 shǔ、 gāo liáng děng zuò wù。 yóu yú gēng dì bù zú， hǎi chǎn zì gǔ jí wéi dà hé mín zú zhù yào de shí wù lái yuán； rì běn yú yè zhì jīn réng xiāng dāng fā dá。 shí jiǔ shì jì xià bàn yè， tái wān chū chǎn de zhāng nǎo céng shì shì jiè zhù yào de gōng yìng yuán； hòu lái chá yè、 shā táng lù xù chéng wéi zhòng yào de chū kǒu pǐn。 èr shí shì jì xià bàn yè， suí zhe zhěng tǐ jīng jì zhuǎn xíng， tái wān nóng yè zhú jiàn wǎng jīng zhì fāng xiàng fā zhǎn， xiāng jiāo、 lián wù、 bā lè děng pǐn xiàng chū kǒu chéng jì bù sú， yíng dé“ shuǐ guǒ wáng guó” de chēng hào。 běn qū xī bù nèi lù dì qū qì hòu gān zào， nóng yè jiào bù fā dá， rén kǒu xiāng duì xī shǎo； bù guò zài nèi wài měnggǔ liáo kuò de cǎo yuán dì dài， xùmù yè、 xùchǎn pǐn jiā gōng xiāng dāng xīng shèng。 cháng qī yǐ lái， zhōng guó ruò gān xī běi biān chéng yǔ 'é luó sī、 měnggǔ、 hā sà kè děng guó zhī jiān de biān jìng mào yì， yě shí fēn fā dá； shuāng fāng hù yì yòu wú， yán xù zhōng gǔ yǐ lái“ sī lù” mào yì de chuán tǒng。 zhōng huá rén mín gòng hé guó de zhèng jīng gài kuàng zhōng huá rén mín gòng hé guó chéng lì yǐ lái， yóu yú zhèng zhì yīn sù， yǔ xī fāng guó jiā zhī jiān de mào yì jǐ jìn duàn jué； zài yǔ měi sū guān xì jūn bù liáng hǎo de shí qī， yóu yú qǔ dé xiān jìn jì shù de guǎn dào shòu xiàn， zhōng guó de gōng yè xiàn dài huà jìn chéng xiāng dāng huǎn màn。 rán 'ér， zì 1978 nián kāi shǐ gǎi gé kāi fàng zhèng cè yǐ lái， zài wài lái jì shù hé zī jīn tóu zī de cì jī hé dài dòng xià， jīng jì fā zhǎn rì yì huó luò， shēng chǎn jì shù yě dé yǐ jiā sù jìn bù。 zhè duàn shí qī tóu rù zhōng guó dà lù de wài zī zhù yào lái zì měi guó、 rì běn、 dà hán mín guó、 tái wān、 xiāng gǎng（ bāo hán lái zì gè dì de zhuǎn tóu zī） děng dì； suí zhe wài zī de yǒng rù jí chǎn yè de xīng shèng， zhū jiāng sān jiǎo zhōu、 cháng jiāng sān jiǎo zhōu jí qí tā dōng bù yán hǎi yī dài děng jīng jì kāi fàng qū yù yǐ jí nèi lù bù fēn chéng shì xùn sù fā zhǎn chéng gāo dù zī běn huà、 gōng yè huà de dì qū。 1990 nián dài yǐ lái， yóu yú quán qiú chǎn yè fēn gōng zào chéng de guī mó jīng jì yōu shì， shǐ dé zhōng guó zài shì jiè mào yì tǐ xì zhōng bàn yǎn yù fā zhòng yào de juésè。 zhōng guó chǎn yè jìn nián lái yǐ shēng chǎn chū kǒu dǎo xiàng de zhì pǐn wéi zhù， zhì 2006 nián shí zhōng guó dà lù de zǒng tǐ guó nèi shēng chǎn máo 'é yǐ wèi liè shì jiè dì sì， jǐn cì yú měi guó、 rì běn hé dé guó； cǐ wài， rì yì péng bó de yíng jiàn yè hé guó nèi shì chǎng， yě shǐ dé zhōng guó dà lù chéng wéi shì jiè yuán wù liào、 néng yuán děng de zhù yào jìn kǒu guó。 2001 nián bèi jiē nà jiā rù shì jiè mào yì zǔ zhì biāo zhì zhù zhōng guó dà lù jīng mào fā zhǎn yǔ shì jiè zhù liú tǐ xì gèng wéi jǐn mì jié hé de qū shì。 lìng yī fāng miàn， zhōng guó yǔ 'é guó zài jūn shì wǔ qì、 néng yuán、 gōng yè qì xiè、 rì yòng pǐn děng fāng miàn de mào yì guān xì shí fēn mìqiè。 cóng zhōng huá rén mín gòng hé guó yǔ 'é luó sī、 hā sà kè sī tǎn、 wū cí bié kè sī tǎn、 jí 'ěr jí sī sī tǎn hé tǎ jí kè sī tǎn gòng liù guó zǔ chéng shàng hǎi hé zuò zǔ zhì（ ShanghaiCooperationOrganization）， yǐ jí zhōng 'é hé zuò gòu zhù dōng běi yà tiān rán qì guǎn xiàn de dòng zuò， kě yǐ kàn chū zhōng guó dà lù zài zhèng miàn yíng jiē lái zì xī fāng de zī běn zhù yì quán qiú huà zhī jì， yì xiāng dāng zhòng shì jīng yíng qū yù xìng de zhàn lüè huǒ bàn yǐ jí néng yuán 'ān quán bù jú。 xiāng gǎng、 ào mén de zhèng jīng gài kuàng zài yīng guó tǒng zhì shí qī， xiāng gǎng fā zhǎn chéng yī gè shì jiè shāng yè、 jīn róng huó dòng huì jí de guó jì yào gǎng。 zhōng guó dà lù gǎi gé kāi fàng yǐ lái， xiāng gǎng shùn shì chéng wéi zhōng guó nèi dì yíng jiē wài lái tóu zī， yǐ jí yuán wù liào chǎn pǐn zhuǎn yùn de zuì zhù yào chuāng kǒu； suí zhe xiāng gǎng yǔ zhōng guó nèi dì de jīng jì zhěng hé， zhū jiāng sān jiǎo zhōu dì qū nǎi bèi dài dòng 'ér fā zhǎn chéng zhōng guó dà lù lìng wài yī gè chǎn yè gāo dù kāi fā de dì qū。 xiāng gǎng dāng qián de jīng jì huó dòng yǐ háng yùn、 wù liú、 jīn róng、 lǚ yóu hé fú wù yè wéi zhù， bìng kāi shǐ zhì lì yú gāo kē jì yán jiū。 zhōng guó lìng yī gè jiào zǎo guó jì huà de chéng shì 'ào mén， jīng jì shàng chēng fā dá， jīng jì yǐ lǚ yóu hé fú wù yè wéi zhù。 rì běn de zhèng jīng gài kuàng èr zhàn zhàn hòu， rì běn shǒu xiān kào gōng yìng hán zhàn qián xiàn de jūn xū pǐn chóngjiàn qí jīng jì。 1960 nián dài yǐ hòu， jīng jì xùn sù fā zhǎn， qǐ yè dé yǐ lěi jī dà liàng de zī běn。 1970 nián dài yǐ hòu， rì běn zī běn、 jì shù mì jí de jīng mì zhì zào yè yǐ shí fēn fā dá， wài xiāo de qì chē、 jiā yòng diàn qì děng lèi chǎn pǐn xíjuǎn quán qiú shì chǎng， yī dù yán zhòng wēi xié dào měi guó de tóng lèi chǎn yè。 suí zhe jīng jì kuài sù chéngzhǎng， dōng jīng héng héng bīn、 dà bǎn héng shén hù děng shāng yè zhōng xīn yī yī fā zhǎn chéng wéi gāo dù zī běn huà de dà dū huì qū。 zhè duàn shí qī rì běn zhì zào yè zài jì shù gǎi jìn hé chǎn pǐn wài xiāo děng fāng miàn suǒ qǔ dé de zhòng dà chéng jiù， diàn dìng liǎo rì běn zài shì jiè míng liè qián máo de xióng hòu jīng jì jī chǔ。 suī rán jīng lì měi rì mào yì mó cā、 pào mò jīng jì pò miè děng dǎ jī， dǎo zhì 1990 nián dài yǐ lái de rì běn jīng jì fā zhǎn qū shì chéng xiàn tíng zhì， jīn rì de rì běn réng wéi shì jiè lǐng xiān de jīng jì tǐ， guó nèi shēng chǎn máo 'é pái míng shì jiè dì 'èr， jǐn cì yú měi guó。 dāng qián rì běn de chǎn yè yǐ fú wù yè、 háng yùn、 jīn róng、 gāo kē jì yán fā děng wéi zhù。 rì běn de zhàn lüè liǎng nán： hòu lěng zhàn shí qī de měi rì 'ān quán bǎo zhàng tóng méng yǔ rì zhōng zhèng zhì mó cā。 hán guó de zhèng jīng gài kuàng lěng zhàn、 jūn rén zhèng quán、 mín zhù huà。 duì rì guān xì、 guó jiā tǒng yī wèn tí。 dà hán mín guó yǔ zhōng huá mín guó、 xīn jiā pō、 xiāng gǎng bìng chēng“ yà zhōu sì xiǎo lóng”； jīng jì xiàn dài huà zì 1970 nián dài yǐ lái qǔ dé xiǎn zhù de chéng gōng。 hán guó jìn nián lái de zhù lì chǎn yè wéi diàn zǐ、 tōng xùn chǎn pǐn yǐ jí qì chē zhì zào yè； yóu qí yè jīng xiǎn shì qì zài quán qiú gōng yìng wǎng luò dāng zhōng yōng yòu jí gāo de shì chǎng zhàn yòu shuài。 zhōng huá mín guó de zhèng jīng gài kuàng cóng yuán xiān de wēi quán tǒng zhì， dào jīn tiān de mín zhù huà、 běn tǔ huà， mù qián yòu wài jiāo gū lì、 zhōng guó tǒng yī、 tái wān dú lì děng wèn tí。 yǔ zhōng huá rén mín gòng hé guó de guān xì： jūn shì duì kàng → sān bù zhèng cè→ kāi fàng jiāo liú→ zhèng zhì jiāng jú。 yǐ nóng yè fā zhǎn gōng yè、 jìn kǒu tì dài、 jiā gōng chū kǒu、 chǎn yè jié gòu zhuǎn xíng。 zhōng huá mín guó de jìn nián lái de zhù lì chǎn yè wéi diàn zǐ、 tōng xùn chǎn pǐn， yǐ jí qì chē de dài gōng shēng chǎn； yóu qí yǐ diàn nǎo líng zǔ jiàn zài quán qiú gōng yìng wǎng luò dāng zhōng yōng yòu jí gāo de shì chǎng zhàn yòu shuài。 lìng wài yě yòu kuà hǎi xiá shuāng biān jīng mào hé zuò。 cháo xiān de zhèng jīng gài kuàng gāo dù jí quán tǒng zhì。 guó jiā tǒng yī wèn tí。 liù fāng huì tán、 dǎo dàn shì shè、 hé wǔ shì bào。 cháo xiān mín zhù zhù yì rén mín gòng hé guó de jìhuà jīng jì， jīng jì bìng bù fā dá， yǐ chuán tǒng nóng yè hé jūn shì gōng yè wéi zhù。 guó jì jìn yùn、 jūn wǔ shū chū、 biān jiè mào yì。 qí tā xiāng guān dì qū yuè nán dāng qián zhèng fǎng xiào zhōng guó de gǎi gé mó shì， shí shī gé xīn kāi fàng zhèng cè， yǐ xī yǐn wài zī wéi zhù； 2006 nián shì jiè mào yì zǔ zhì tōng guò jiē nà yuè nán jiā rù de wén jiàn， biāo zhì zhù yuè nán róng rù zī běn zhù yì quán qiú jīng mào tǐ xì de zhòng yào zhuǎn biàn。 2007 nián 1 yuè 11 rì yuè nán zhèng shì jiā rù WTO。 měnggǔ quē fá xiàn dài huà gōng yè jī chǔ， jīng jì réng yǐ xùmù yè wéi zhù。 dōng nán yà guó jiā lián méng（ AssociationofSoutheasternAsianNations， ASEAN、 zhōng wén jiǎn chēng“ dōng xié”， dà lù chēng wéi“ dōng méng”）， yǐ jí“ dōng xié jiā sān（ zhōng huá rén mín gòng hé guó、 rì běn、 dà hán mín guó）” zì yóu mào yì qū。 * East Asia: o People: + Chinese mainland (including the islands near the mainland) + Hong Kong SAR + Macao Special Administrative Region + South China Sea Islands (part of the jurisdiction) + In addition, the PRC also claims to have the island of Taiwan and its affiliated islands, including the Penghu Islands and the sovereignty of Diaoyu Island (but still not real jurisdiction). o Mongolia * Western Pacific island chain, or flower color Islands: o the actual jurisdiction of Russian Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands o Japan (also available in Northeast Asia as a narrow, mainly in Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu, the four major islands), and the Izu islands, Ogasawara Islands and the actual jurisdiction of the Ryukyu Islands (Okinawa) o Republic of China (Including the island of Taiwan and affiliated islands, the Penghu Islands, Kinmen Islands, Wuchiu, Matsu Islands, East Sand Islands, the Nansha Islands in the Pacific islands and in the Island; also claimed the Diaoyu islands and China's sovereignty, not the actual management) * Korean Peninsula (Northeast Asia can be as narrow): o Korea o Republic of Korea The following countries or regions, in some cases will also be included in the scope of East Asia: * Russia's Far Eastern territories (Eastern Siberia) * Southeast Asia, Vietnam is geographically, culturally belongs to the East Asian cultural circle, sometimes as the scope of East Asia. Sometimes, the scope of East Asia are broadly defined as Northeast Asia (including East "Siberian", Mongolia, China, Hong Kong, Macau, the Korean Peninsula, the Japanese archipelago, the Ryukyu Islands and Taiwan) and Southeast Asia (including India and Malaysia Peninsula Indonesia and the Philippines Islands) the sum, which is defined in Western academia and the media are common. Physical Geography East Asia, located in eastern Asia, the Pacific West Coast. The total area of about 12,000,000 square kilometers, accounting for 9% of global land area. Topography from west to east, into three steps: The first level, the Tibetan Plateau, the second stage for the series of basins and plateaus, the third level is low plains, hills and a few islands. Monsoon climate in eastern coastal areas significantly, is the world's most typical subtropical, temperate monsoon climate zone, that the East Asian monsoon, humid climate mild; western inland region has a continental climate typical of an arid, semi-arid climate zone; Qinghai-Tibet Plateau highlands region climate zones. Major ocean currents are the Kuroshio and Oyashio. More than 1.5 billion population of the region, accounting for 40% of the whole of Asia, about a quarter when all the world. The area is also the world one of the highest population density; average of about 130 people per square kilometer, the equivalent of the world's average population density (about 40 people per square kilometer) 3 times. Humanities and History Nation and ancient history Elijah the area kind of race to Mongolia, mainly concentrated in the coastal and valley plains. National distribution is a Sino-Tibetan language family can be divided into the Han and Tibetan, Altaic languages are Mongolian, Manchu family, and the controversial Korean language, large and ethnic. Back some two thousand years ago, since ancient times has been originated in the Yellow River Basin by the (Central China) and Chinese civilization created centralized empire, is the leading authority in this area. Comparison of the prosperous period of the Chinese Empire, the nomadic or _set_tled with the neighboring nation to establish tributary relations through regular exchange of needed goods; sometimes Zeyi force to be expelled. Areas of the Chinese Empire to the first three centuries before the 1st century to the south and the north-west between the substantial expansion of indirect or direct result of the South Pacific and Central Asia, the great national movement; then 3,13-14 century, the 17th century, etc., were to large-scale invasion of northern nomads, and even being conquered. However, due to deep-rooted Chinese culture and Chinese national population, the Chinese Empire has invaded or conquered nation - such as Xianbei, Khitan, Jurchen, Mongolia ─ ─ later due to varying degrees by China's laws and institutions, which were completely or partially them into the Chinese nation. The exchange and integration of national history, although in many cases full of brutal killings, but the end result is the expansion of the Chinese nation's blood, and enriched the connotation of Chinese civilization. In addition, many other East Asian nation to _set_tle in farming, such as Korean, the more ethnic, big and national, etc., has always been that the influence by the Chinese civilization; use of Chinese characters is the traditional culture of these peoples were the most significant common ground, these national activities area is also known as Chinese cultural circle. Today originated in the large central region of Honshu and the nation, at about the 5th century, in the Kinki area today to establish a powerful kingdom; Japanese imperial dynasty, the Chinese side to follow a centralized system, the other side to use force to conquer the island nation, gradually developed into a rule of the Japanese islands of the empire. Pre-modern international relations China and Japan the influence of the two empires intersection in the Korean Peninsula, the first in modern history has been to war several times here. Generally speaking, however, until the fifteenth century, overseas colonization and trade flourished before the History presents two parallel developments of the situation. Please refer to the white village 〔Battle River, Man Battle Wing Hong An, pirates, Lu Wen Qing length of service or Imjin Patriotic War〕 Since the sixteenth century, from Europe across the sea east of Spain, Portugal, the Netherlands and other forces began to communicate directly with the East Asian civilization; establishment of networks of maritime trade, and Western weapons plants and heat input affect the certain extent in China and Japan Food supply capacity and type of war, indirectly causing the History of the two later while not significant, very significant impact on implementation. For example, the maritime trade and the "Lilium" (rifle) the introduction and use, to a large extent affected the sixteenth century, growth and decline of the Japanese forces within the region, to a large extent to the Warring States Period of Japan Qunhao about the results of hegemony. Another example is the planting of new crops such as sweet potato, although the field of Chinese people to ease the development of saturation of arable land, because of changes in food supply caused by China's population jumped from the eighth century the results; later, China has become too difficult for the population get rid of the heavy burden. On the other hand, the "Far East (The Far East)" trade needs, providing a European force in the United States, Africa and Asia to develop the incentive of colonialism; a consequence, to its recent industrial revolution, capitalism and the rise of create a favorable environment. In the nineteenth century, the long-term impact of the aforementioned development, has caused the economic and between Europe and East Asia, the huge gap between the level of technological development. By the emerging Western forces of Britain, France, the United States and other powerful military superiority of oppression, this time the three East Asian traditional "kingdom" - the Qing Empire, and North Korea, the Edo Shogunate dynasty - were forced to accept the core of international politics in Europe and trade system, and the historical transition into a new stage of modernization. East Asia's modernization and nation building Concept by the impact of European nation-state, as well as contemporary Italian, German nation-building success of the stimulation of industry in the latter half of the nineteenth century after China, Japan, ROK political history, but that is a transformation in the modern context, shape their nation's "founding history." Japan Zunwangrangyi thoughts, down screen movement, and civil war towards the establishment of centralized and local institutional change, first brought the success of its founding; after the "Meiji Restoration" of the long-term reform, originally belonged to the feudal system of Japan, the transformation in the nineteenth century constitutional monarchy into a German national. Anxious to follow the example of Western imperialism in the mentality and ideology of social Darwinism fueled, Japan actively stretching its forces on the Korean Peninsula, and finally lead to the Sino; outcome of the war, decisively changed the warring parties, as well as North Korea and had Qing the territory of the History of Taiwan (see the era of Japanese rule in Taiwan.) Japan's militarism in the early twentieth century progressive step on the way, is its own political system and the result of interaction between the international strategic situation. Clear in Japan, the Russo-Japanese War and other wars with a series of winning the "incentives", the Japanese sent abroad more than arrogant young soldiers, and nobles, or civilian government are unable to be restrained, and finally lead to increased Sino-Japanese War and Pacific War disaster of outbreaks, both the Japanese and the related neighbors is very painful price to pay. Japan's postwar political system is in accordance with the United States to transform the concept into a real implementation of representative democracy and the state cabinet system. North Korea in the latter half of the nineteenth century about the international situation, the first from China's sovereign relationship, and be forced into the Japanese sphere of influence, and finally was merged in the early twentieth century. However, in the hard-won independence, but immediately lost a significant stimulation of their own country, Japan, the Korean people experienced thirty years of colonial rule, but more determined to establish their own country's national consciousness; finally in World War II, consensus in the Allied powers restored Korea's sovereignty. However, in the context of the US-Soviet Cold War, the outbreak of the Korean War in 1950, the separatist regime in the Korean peninsula: the assistance of the Soviet Communist control of the northern peninsula, the DPRK is not suitable for long-term implementation of its national power, the more pure communism planned economy; in the U.S. and UK support for the Republic of Korea under the control of the southern peninsula is the implementation of state capitalism, political, military interference in government affairs on the problems experienced several times, finally reaching democratization in the 1990s. Long-established north and south sides of different political, economic and social system results, in essence, on the Korean peninsula created two very different countries; in every case there is a huge difference toward the future of a unified Korean nation, is bound in the real face major challenges encountered. National Revolutionary Army in the Northern Expedition and the Central Plains War victory, laid in the reconstruction of the central authority on a certain foundation. Then, in the context of World War II, victory in the War of Resistance against Japan, brought to China and the Osiris powers to establish equal relations opportunity. Finally, the success of Communist revolution in 1949, and Jing Guo extended from the mid-1950s to the mid-1970s a number of national mass movement and political mobilization, finally reaching the objective of establishing a "Chinese nation" objective history. In addition, the direct involvement of People's Republic of Korean War, and it plays in the 1970s after the Soviet Union a two-key method between the strategic shift codes are objectively lead to the status of China's global strategy to enhance the results. In summary, the three modern East Asian nation in the region - China, Japan, South Korea - all in the modernization process of transformation, the pool of suffering, finally formed a few countries today. Although from the perspective of nationalism, China and South Korea are unified country has not been completed; However, in actual international political and economic relations, the various countries within the region or regime, respectively, carried out one after another in different patterns of political, economic, social science and technology, the modernization of the military, etc., in addition to the DPRK, the general were to be successful. Political and economic Since these countries to succeed in the modern transformation of the region in the world political and economic importance is rising. The current strategy of the People's Republic has made great power status and economic, trade and technology, Japan occupies a leading position in the Republic of China and the Republic of Korea are also gaining a position in the world trade system; In addition, the division of labor among several economies and trade integration, but also in the WTO (World Trade Organization), Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) framework of international organizations such as closer. So trends, the twenty-first century, East Asia, has become the core of a new economic and trade potential. However, widespread adoption of economic and trade cooperation, several countries in the region still exists between the degree of political differences, and awareness of potential strategic competition. In addition to the Korean Peninsula and the Taiwan Strait political issues, Japan and between China and Korea because of the history of World War II and the formation of national sentiment friction, impact of regional political stability is also a factor. In addition, even if the Cold War has ended, the United States and Russia as strategic a big country in international affairs in the region still retains a considerable degree of influence; Ci level is the relationship to regional affairs and global strategic situation Zhengge, to form a complex international political network. Traditional economic activities To traditional economic terms, because the East Asian population is relatively concentrated in the southeast mainland coast, the area of labor-intensive agriculture and handicrafts more developed; with warm and humid subtropical climate, ground rice, silk farming, cultivation of tea, are important hill make a living. The northern temperate climate zone were more likely to grow wheat, millet, sorghum and other crops. The shortage of arable land, seafood is the Congress and the nation since ancient times, the main source of food; Japanese fishing still is well developed. Half of the nineteenth century, Taiwan was the world camphor produced major sources of supply; was tea, sugar gradually become an important export. Half of the twentieth century, with the overall economic transformation, the direction of Taiwan's agricultural development gradually to the delicate, banana, wax apple, guava and other items impressive export performance, won the "fruit kingdom" in the title. The West inland dry climate, agriculture in the less developed, relatively small population; but the vast grassland areas, including Mongolia, livestock, livestock products flourished. Over the years, a number of northwest border town of China and Russia, Mongolia, Kazakhstan and other countries border trade between, but also very well developed; the two sides without reciprocity, continuing since the Middle Ages "Silk Road" trade tradition. Republic of China's political and economic overview Since the 1990s, the global division of labor resulting from economies of scale, making China the world trading system in the increasingly important role to play. China's industrial production in recent years, mainly export-oriented products to mainland China in 2006 the overall gross domestic product, has been ranked fourth in the world after the United States, Japan and Germany; In addition, the booming construction industry and domestic market, but also made China become the world's raw materials, energy and other major importing countries. 2001 was admitted to the World Trade Organization, China marked the mainstream of economic development and world trends in system more closely. On the other hand, China and Russia in military weapons, energy, industrial equipment, daily necessities and other aspects of trade relations are very close. From the Republic of China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan of six-nation Shanghai Cooperation Organization (Shanghai Cooperation Organization), and the Sino-Russian cooperation in Northeast Asia natural gas pipeline to build the action, we can see that China is in the positive to meet the globalization of capitalism from the West on the occasion, also attached considerable importance to the strategic business partners and regional energy security layout. Hong Kong, Macao's political and economic overview In the period of British rule, Hong Kong developed into a world business, international financial activities to Hong Kong together. Since the reform and opening up in China, Hong Kong, mainland China advantage of the opportunity to meet foreign investment, as well as the main raw material product transfer window; as Hong Kong's economic integration with Mainland China, the Pearl River Delta region is being driven and developed into other industries in Mainland China highly developed areas. The economic activities in shipping, logistics, finance, tourism and service-oriented, high-tech research and start working. Another Chinese city of Macau earlier international economy are fairly well-developed economy based on tourism and service industries. Japan's political and economic overview World War II World War, Korean War, the Japanese front-line first by the supply of munitions to rebuild its economy. After the 1960s, rapid economic development, enterprises can accumulate a large amount of capital. After 1970, the Japanese capital and technology-intensive manufacturing sector has been highly developed precision, the export of automobiles, household appliances and other products swept the global market, once a serious threat to the United States of similar industries. With the rapid economic growth, Tokyo - Yokohama, Osaka - Kobe and other commercial centers one by one to become highly capitalized in the metropolitan area. During this period in Japanese manufacturing products for export and other technological improvements and significant achievements with regard to lay the top in the world of Japan's strong economic base spear. Although the experience of the US-Japan trade friction, combat and other economic bubble burst, leading to the Japanese economy since the 1990s has stagnated the development trends of today's Japan is still the world's leading economies, gross domestic product, ranks second only to the United States. The current Japanese industry to services, shipping, finance, high-tech R & D based. Japan's strategic dilemma: post-Cold War US-Japan security alliance and Japan-China political friction. South Korea's political and economic overview Cold War, the military regime, and democratization. Japan relations, national reunification. Republic of Korea and the Republic of China, Singapore, Hong Kong and said the "Asian Tigers"; economic modernization since the 1970s, achieved remarkable success. South Korea's main industries in recent years, electronic, telecommunications and automotive industry; particular LCD in global supply network which has a high market share. Republic of China's political and economic overview From the previous authoritarian rule, to today's democratic, localized, there are diplomatic isolation, the reunification of China, Taiwan independence and other issues. Relationship with the PRC: Three No policy of military confrontation → → → open exchange of political deadlock. Agricultural development of industry, import substitution, export processing and industrial restructuring. Republic of China in recent years, the main industry, the electronics, communications products, and automotive OEM production; especially computer components in the global supply network which has a high market share. There is also a cross-Strait economic and trade cooperation. North Korea's political and economic overview A high degree of totalitarian rule. National reunification. The six-party talks, missile tests, nuclear tests. Korea's planned economy, the economy is not developed, traditional agriculture and the military-industrial-based. International embargo, the military force output, the border trade. Other related areas Follow the example of Vietnam is currently China's reform model, the implementation of reform and opening up policies to attract foreign-based; in 2006 by the World Trade Organization accepted Vietnam's accession to the file, marking the Vietnam into the global capitalist economic system, an important change. January 11, 2007 Vietnam officially joined the WTO. Mongolia's lack of modern industrial base, the economy is still the main livestock. ASEAN (Association of Southeastern Asian Nations, ASEAN, the Chinese referred to as "ASEAN", the mainland as "ASEAN"), and the "ASEAN plus three (Republic of China, Japan, the Republic of Korea)," Free Trade Area. |
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