ōu zhōu:   
hēi shān The Republic of Montenegro   shǒudōu: chá  guógūdàimǎ: me   
  cháozhèng
  hēi shān gòng guósài 'ěr wéi : РепубликаЦрнаГора/CrnaGora, hēi de shān ), tái wān méng nèi luó huò méng luóshì wèi 'ěr gān bàn dǎo nán hǎi dōng 'àn shàng de duō shān xiǎo guó dōng běi wéi sài 'ěr wéi dōng wéi suǒ ( 2008 nián 2 yuè 17 dān fāng miàn xuān ), dōng nán wéi 'ā 'ěr běi wéi hēi sài wéi luó nán wéi zhōng hǎi de fēn héng hǎi
  
   hēi shān yuán wéi nán shè huì zhù lián bāng gòng guó de liù jiā méng gòng guó zhī nán de jiā méng guó luò wén luó hēi sài wéi dùnzài 1990 nián dài chū hòuhēi shān sài 'ěr wéi chéng wéi liǎo nán jǐn cún de liǎng jiā méng gòng guó。 2003 niánnán lián méng gòng guó jué dìng fàng nán de guó mínggǎi chēng sài 'ěr wéi hēi shān。 2006 nián 5 yuè 21 hēi shān xíng gōng mín tóu piào pài 55.50% de piào zài tóu piào zhōng xiǎn shèngtóng nián 6 yuè 3 hēi shān guó huì zhèng shì xuān huī liǎo zài shì jiè zhàn zhī qián de wèitóng shí chéng wéi shì jiè 194 huò chéng rèn de guó jiā
  
   guó míng
   hēi shān gòng guó zài běn guó guān fāng yán sài 'ěr wéi zhōng chēng wéi РепубликаЦрнаГора( 'ěr huò RepublikaCrnaGora( dīng ), jiǎn chēng wéi ЦрнаГора huò CrnaGora, wéihēi de shān”。 fāng wén yīng děngzhōng de hēi shān míng chēng wéi Montenegro, gāi míng chēng yuán 。 monte shì shān, negro shì hēi de yīng wéi hēi rénzài bān wén wén wéi hēi de shìhēi de shān”。 zhōng guó gǎngào jiāng gāi míng chēng wéi hēi shānxīn jiāng gāi míng chēng wéi hēi shān huò yīn wéi mén luóér tái wān jiāng yīn wéi méng nèi luó
  
   shǐ
   hēi shān de xiān mín wéi réngōng yuán qián 3 shì shí bèi luó zhēng luó guó shuāi luò hòu luò rén zhī shǒuhòu lái bài zhàn tíng guódōng luó guóhuáng chá shì dīng shì yòu jiāng gāi chóngxīn bǎn
  
   zǎo mín 6、 7 shì bìng qiě dāng xiān mín róng jiàn de guó jiā zhōng (Duklja) gōng guó jiào jiē jìn hēi shān de bǎn gāi guó běn wéi jiā (Raška) gōng guó de shǔdàn 11 shì shí bìng yóu luó jiào huáng 'é lüè shì fēng wéi wáng guó 12 shì shuāi luò de tóng shí jiā hòu lái de sài 'ěr wéi xīng liǎo xīn de màn wáng cháo yòu chóngxīn chéng wéi jiā de fēn
  
   zài màn tǒng zhì xià yòu chū xiàn liǎo (Zeta) gōng guó, 14 shì zhōng shí tuō liǎo màn de kòng zhì。 15 shì 'ào màn guó zhēng liǎo 'ěr gān bàn dǎo fēn dàn shì cóng wèi bèi wán quán zhēng
  
  1516 nián, Zeta shì jūn zhù tuì wèihēi shān suí chéng wéi cǎi niè wéi zhōng xīn de zhèng jiào guó jiāguó jūn wéi zhèng jiào quán shēn de zhù jiào。 1851 nián, DaniloIIPetrovićNjegoš( dān luò · luò wéi · niè shí 'èr shì?) fàng zōng jiào tóu xiánhēi shān yòu chéng wéi shì gōng guó。 1876 nián hēi shān xiàng 'ào màn guó xuān zhànbìng duó liàng hēi shān 1878 nián bólín huì zhōng zhèng shì bèi chéng rèn wéi guó。 1910 niánhēi shān gōng shì zhèng shì chēng wángjiàn mén de nèi luó wáng guó
  
   shì jiè zhàn jiān hēi shān jiā liǎo xié yuē guó xié zhù méng yǒu sài 'ěr wéi suí bèi 'ào xiōng guó qīn lüèzài qián liǎng qīn zhōnghēi shān chéng gōng liǎo 'ào xiōng guó de jūn duìdàn zài 1916 nián 1 yuè de sān qīn zhōnghēi shān bèi 'ào xiōng guó wán quán zhàn lǐng
  
   zhàn jié shù hòuzài sài 'ěr wéi de zhù dǎo zhī xià luò wén luó lián chéng liǎo yóu nán qún lián de guó jiātóng shíhēi shān zhào kāi huì fèi chú běn guó guó wángjiā xīn chéng sài 'ěr wéi luó luò wén wáng guó。 1929 niánguó wáng shān shì zhèng shì jiāng wáng guó gēngmíng wéinán wáng guó”, 'èr shì jiè zhàn jié shù hòunán mín jiě fàng fǎn huì zhì xiàn huì xuān nán chéng gòng chǎn zhèng yóu mín gòng lián bāng chù jūn zhù zhìhēi shān chéng wéi liǎo nán shè huì zhù lián bāng gòng guó de jiā méng gòng guó zhī
  
  1990 nián dàinán lián bāng guó fēn fēn wéi yòu sàihēi liǎng guó wèi hēi shān 1992 nián zuì hòu xíng gōng tóu, 95.96% rèn wéi yìng liú zài nán lián bāng zhī nèidāng shí tóu piào shuài wéi 66%, líntiān zhù jiào qīn de hēi shān rén zhì liǎo gōng tóu men rèn wéi tóu piào huán jìng gòu mín zhùguó yíng méi guò duō wéi qīn tǒng de fāng xuān chuánzhī hòu hēi shān guó nèi zài wèn shàng yòu fēn zhēng
  
  
   xiàn rèn zǒng tǒng fěi · nuò wéi 1996 nián luò · jiǔ nuò wéi zhèng xuān luò sài wéi zhǎng quán de sài 'ěr wéi duàn jué guān cóng hòu hēi shān xíng zhì dìng jīng zhèng gǎi yòng guó hòu lái guó fèi chú cǎi yòng 'ōu yuánhēi shān gǎi wéi 'ōu yuán)。 cóng sài 'ěr wéi 'ěr zài hēi shān shì dìng huò zhǐ néng zài xiē jiǎ cūn shǐ yòng
  
  2000 nián nán lián méng xuǎn hòu luò sài wéi xià táishǐ 'ōu méng nán lián méng huī wài jiāo guān fāng yīn yóu zhī chí méng nèi luó zhuànxiàng zhī chí wéi chí xiàn yòu de lián bāng zhuàng tàidàn sài 'ěr wéi méng nèi luó jiān de guān bìng méi yòu yīn wéi fāng guó jiā zhī chí wéi chí xiàn zhuàng 'ér gǎi shànér 1992 nián nán lián méng de xiàn zhōng yòu méi yòu guān lián bāng gòng guó shí de quán guò chéngcóng 'ér yǐn zhēng lùnhòu lái zài 'ōu méng de tiáotíng xiàshuāng fāng 2002 nián 3 yuè 14 zài bèi 'ěr lāi qiān shǔ xié jué dìng jiāng lián bāng biàn wéi yóu liǎng yōng yòu jīng huò guān shuì jué dìng quán de bàn (semi-independent) guó jiā suǒ chéngbìng qiě gēngmíng wéisài 'ěr wéi hēi shān”。 lìng wài xié dìng tōng guò liǎo lián bāng de xīn xiàn zhāngmíng dìng xiàn zhāng tōng guò sān nián hòurèn fāng dōuyòu quán chū tuō lián bāng
  
   hēi shān guó huì 2004 nián 7 yuè 12 cǎi yòng xīn de guó guó qìng guó tuī jìn jìn chéng zhōng guó wéi qián hēi shān wáng guó de guó guó qìng niàn 1878 nián 7 yuè 13 qiān dìng de bólín tiáo yuē chéng rèn hēi shān wéi guó jiā 1941 nián 7 yuè 13 bào de fǎn guó wéi hēi shān zhù míng mín
  
  2006 nián 5 yuè 21 xíng gōng mín tóu piào pài 55.5% de wēi ruò yōu shì jué dìng zhōng zhǐ sài 'ěr wéi de lián bāng guān gāng gāng chāo guò 55% ōu méng guī dìng de yòu xiào jiēguǒ piào shù。 6 yuè 3 hēi shān guó huì zhèng shì xuān , 28 hēi shān zhèng shì jiā lián guó
  
   wéi xīn wén xiāng guān bào dào
  
   hēi shān gòng guó gōng tóu tuō sài 'ěr wéi 9 yuè 10 hēi shān gòng guó xíng hòu shǒu huì fāng xuǎn 。 9 yuè 12 xuǎn wěi yuán huì xuān zhēng shí xiàn 'ōu zhōu de hēi shān lián méng huò huì 81 wèi zhōng de 41 sài míng dān lián méng huò liǎo 12 yóu shè huì zhù zhě rén mín dǎngrén mín dǎng mín zhù sài 'ěr wéi dǎng chéng de jìng xuǎn lián méng biàn yùn dòng dǎng fēn bié huò 11 6 yóu xiē jiào xiǎo dǎng pài fēn huò。 11 yuè 10 xīn zhèng xuān shì jiù zhízǒng wéi · shí nuò wéi
  
   zhèng zhì
   hēi shān de guó jiā yuán shǒu wéi zǒng tǒngrèn wéi 5 nián gòu wéi huìgòng yòu 77 míng yuánrèn wéi 4 niánzǒng yóu guó huì rèn mìng
  
   xíng zhèng huá
   hēi shān gòng guó de zhì
   xiá zhù tiáo hēi shān xíng zhèng huá
   hēi shān gòng fēn wéi 21 ( opština)。
  
   ān wéi chá( Andrijevica)
   'ěr( Bar)
   bèi nèi( Berane)
   luò liè( BijeloPolje)
   ( Budva)
   cǎi niè( Cetinje)
   luò ( Danilovgrad)
   xīn hǎi 'ěr cǎi ( HercegNovi)
   xīn( Kolašin)
   tuō 'ěr( Kotor)
   ( Mojkovac)
   ( Nikšić)
   ( Plav)
   nèi( Plužine)
   liè ( Pljevlja)
   chá( Podgorica)
   luó zhā ( Rožaje)
   shā ( Šavnik)
   ( Tivat)
   'ěr ( Ulcinj)
   zhā ( Žabljak)
  
   zhù tiáo hēi shān
   hēi shān jìng nèi zhù yào shì shān màiqiū língzhǐ yòu yán hǎi wéi xiá cháng de píng yuán zhōng běi de tuō 'ěr wānsài : BokaKotorska) wéi 'ōu zhōu wèi zhì zuì kào nán de xiá wān xiá cháng de hǎi wān), gāi xiá wān dōng 'àn yòu chéng tuōxiàn liè wéi shì jiè chǎn
  
   wèi zhōng běi de tuō shān( BobotovKuk) wéi jìng nèi gāo fēnghǎi 2522 jìn de ( TalaorTara?) yòu gāo 1300 de xiá gāi liè wéi shì jiè chǎn
  
   jīng
   hēi shān qián de jīng zhī chēngzài 2007 nián zhàn guó mín shēng chǎn zǒng zhí de 72.4%, zhì zào nóng fēn bié zhàn 17.6% 10%。 gāi nián guó mín shēng chǎn zǒng zhí yòu 10.7% zhī shēng dàn shòu quán qiú jīn róng wēi yǐng xiǎngshēng yòu suǒ fàng huǎn
  
   hēi shān zhī zhì zào zhù yào shì cáigāng tiě shì nóng chǎn pǐn jiā gōng
  
   yóu tóng shí shì hēi shān zhī jīng mìng mài。 2007 nián yuē 100 wàn yóu hēi shān guān guāngdài lái 4 8 qiān wàn 'ōu yuán jìn zhàng
  
   rén kǒu
   rén kǒu gòng 65 wàn zuǒ yòuhēi shān zhù yào wéi hēi shān sài 'ěr wéi zhè liǎng mín de dìng jiè xiàn bìng qīng chǔměi tǒng shíliǎng mín de rén kǒu huì gēn dāng shí de zhèng zhì fēn yòu jiào de dòngtóng shí hái yòu rén huì tóng shí rèn tóng liǎng mín
  
   hēi shān mín fēn gēn 2003 nián tǒng
  
   hēi shān rén: 267,669( 43.16%)
   sài 'ěr wéi rén: 198,414( 31.99%)
   rén: 48,184( 7.77%)
   ā 'ěr rén: 47,682( 7.09%)
   lín: 24,625( 3.97%)
   luó rén: 6,811( 1.10%)
   luó rén: 2,601( 0.42%)
   hēi shān guān fāng yán wéi sài 'ěr wéi quán guó rén kǒu yòu 63 chēng de wéisài 'ěr wéi ”, 22% wéihēi shān ”。
  
   hēi shān 74% rén kǒu xìn fèng dōng zhèng jiàoshǔ sài 'ěr wéi dōng zhèng jiào huì。 1993 nián yòu jiàn liǎo hēi shān dōng zhèng jiào huìdàn xìn hěn shǎoér qiě bìng wèi dào dōng zhèng jiào huì de chéng rèn。 18% de rén kǒu wéi lín zhōng bāo kuò 'ā 'ěr rén rén děng zhōng 'ā 'ěr zhù yào zhù zài dōng zài dōng hǎi gǎng 'ěr ( Ulcinj) zhàn duō shù zhù yào zhù zài běi lìng wài hái yòu zài yán hǎi tuō 'ěr wān GulfofKotor) de tiān zhù jiào xìn
  
   zhù míng rén
   xiān - qiú yuán


  Montenegro ( /ˌmɒntɨˈneɪɡroʊ/ or /ˌmɒntɨˈniːɡroʊ/), (Montenegrin: Црна Гора/Crna Gora, listen (help·info)) (meaning "Black Mountain" in Montenegrin) is a country located in Southeastern Europe. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea to the south-west and is bordered by Croatia to the west, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the northwest, Serbia to the northeast, Kosovo[a] to the east and Albania to the southeast . Its capital and largest city is Podgorica, while Cetinje is designated as the Prijestonica (Пријестоница), meaning the former Royal Capital City..
  
  The thousand year history of the Montenegrin state begins in the 9th century with emergence of Duklja, a vassal state of Byzantium. In those formative years, Duklja was ruled by the Vojislavljevic dynasty. In 1042, at the end of his 25-year rule, King Vojislav won a decisive battle near Bar against Byzantium, and Duklja became independent. Duklja's power and prosperity reached their zenith under King Vojislav's son, King Mihailo (1046-81), and his son King Bodin (1081-1101).. From the 11th century, it started to be referred to as Zeta. It ended with its incorporation into Raska, and beginning with the Crnojevic dynasty, Zeta was more often referred to as Crna Gora or by the Venetian term monte negro. A sovereign principality since the Late Middle Ages, Montenegro saw its independence from the Ottoman Empire formally recognized in 1878. From 1918, it was a part of various incarnations of Yugoslavia. On the basis of a referendum held on 21 May 2006, Montenegro declared independence on 3 June.
  
  Montenegro is a member of the United Nations, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, the Council of Europe and CEFTA. Montenegro is also a potential candidate for membership of the European Union and NATO. Montenegro presented its official application to the European Union, with the hopes of gaining EU candidate status by 2009, and applied for a Membership Action Plan on November 5, 2008, with the hopes it would be accepted in 2009.. Additionally, Montenegro is a founding member of the Union for the Mediterranean upon its establishment in 2008.
 

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