（为了除草而）犁地耕、耙（土地）以便消灭或减少杂草 To plow and till(land), especially to eradicate or reduce weeds.
实行“耕者有其田”的土地革命，正是孙中山先生曾经提出过的政策； The Agrarian Revolution put into effect the principle of "land to the tiller", which is precisely what Dr. Sun Yat-sen proposed.
培养庄稼的土壤耕作。 the cultivation of soil for raising crops.
自耕农的自耕农的、与之有关的或自耕农阶层的 Of, relating to, or ranking as a yeoman.
你没有耕种就不能有收获。 You cannot reap where you have not sown.
使休耕犁地后而不撒种 To plow(land) without seeding it afterward.
磨坊主、收割者、耕耘者、制犁匠、车把式和造车工匠，乃至水手和造船工匠，只要被雇用，就会从最终产品即面包那里获得报酬，因为他们对于制作面包用的小麦付出过劳动或者提供过作业工具。 The miller, the reaper, the ploughman, the plough-maker, the Waggoner and waggon-maker, even the sailor and ship-builder when employed, derive their remuneration from the ultimate product-the bread made from the corn on which they have severally operated, or supplied the instruments for operating.
为了许多目的，所有这些人，包括磨坊主和面包师傅在内，应归类于耕作者和收割者之列。 For many purposes all these persons, the miller and baker inclusive, must be placed in the same class with ploughmen and reapers.
合理和节约利用土地尤其是耕地资源，加强城市环境基础设施建设，规划产业结构和布局，避免走先污染后治理的老路。 Land, the arable land in particular should be used reasonably and economically.
五年内，全国造林面积２７８７万公顷，封山育林３１５３万公顷，退耕还林３８２万公顷； During these five years, an additional 27.87 million hectares of land was covered with trees; 31.53 million hectares of hills were cordoned off for afforestation, and 3.82 million hectares of formerly cultivated land were returned to forests.
经对2000年已完成退耕还林任务的17个省(区、市)及新疆生产建设兵团进行核查，退耕地还林和宜林荒山荒地造林核实面积的合格率分别为92.3％和83.2％。 The review and check on the 17 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) and Xinjiang Production and Construction Military Corp that have completed the land conversion task in 2000 indicate that the approved rate of the areas of land conversion and afforestation in the waste mountains and land suitable for afforestation is 92.3% and 83.2% respectively.
1999～2001年累计完成退耕还林任务216.36万公顷。其中退耕地还林116.24万公顷、宜林荒山荒地造林100.12万公顷。 From 1999~2001, the total land conversion area is 2.1636 million hectares, among which the land conversion for afforestation is 1.1624 million hectares and the afforestation in the waste mountain and lands suitable afforestation is 1.0012 million hectares.
2001年完成退耕地还林39.9万公顷，宜林荒山荒地造林48.6万公顷。 In 2001, the cultivated land conversion for afforestation is 399000 hectares and the afforestation in the waste mountains and lands suitable for afforestation is 486000 hectares.
在长江上游实施天然林保护工程，退耕还林、还草和湿地保护工程。 Projects to protect the natural forests and wetlands, and to reconvert farmland into forest or pasture have been carried out on the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.
2002年共安排退耕还林任务1.3万多公顷，当年中央补助种苗林费1000万元，给退耕还林农牧户补助粮食1500万公斤，生活费200万元。 In 2002, the goal was to reconvert some 13,000 ha of farmland into forest. The Central Government provided 10 million yuan as subsidy for seedlings, and 15 million kg of grain and two million yuan as allowance for families of farmers and herdsmen whose farmland had been restored to forest.
退耕还林和天然林保护工程建设取得成效。 Good results were achieved in projects for reforesting formerly cultivated land and protecting natural forests.
退耕还林、天然林保护、京津风沙源治理等六大林业生态工程建设全面实施。 Six forest ecological projects -- reforesting formerly cultivated land, protecting natural forests and controlling the sources of dust storms affecting Beijing and Tianjin -- were carried out in full.
采取“退耕还林、封山绿化、以粮代赈、个体承包”的办法，并总结推广“林权是核心、给粮是关键、种苗要先行、干部是保证”的经验。 We systematically returned large tracts of cultivated land to forests and pastures in ecologically fragile areas. Such measures as returning farmland to forests, closing off hills for afforestation, providing grain relief to make up for crop losses and contracting reforesting projects to individuals were adopted. We drew on and spread the experience -- "the right to forest is the core, grain supply is the key, seeds and seedlings should be provided first, and cadres guarantee implementation."
今年发生特大洪灾后，中国政府把发展林业作为控制水土流失、改善生态环境的根本举措，提出了更加明确的林业发展目标和任务，在全国范围内开展封山植树、退耕还林，在重点国有林区实施天然林保护工程。 Prompted by the disastrous floods this year, the Chinese government decided to take forestry development as a fundamental measure to control soil erosion and improve ecological environment, and worked out concrete goals and tasks for forestry development. Mountain closure, tree planting and land reclamation for reforestation have been carried out nationwide， and the natural forest conservation project has been put into practice in major state-owned forest regions.
如此庞大的人口总量和年人口增长量，对于中国这样一个底子薄、耕地少、经济文化水平比较落后和地区之间发展不平衡的国家来说，是一个沉重的负担。 Such massive total population and annual population growth constitutes a heavy burden for China, a country that has a weak foundation and little cultivated land, whose economic and cultural level is rather backward and where development is regionally imbalanced.
水库、水井和灌溉渠(在很多热带地区没有这些很难进行耕种)，以及堤防、商市和旅舍，这些设施没有一个能靠使用者贫乏的财力来修建，它们的存在要归功于王公们的慷慨大方和考虑自身利益的明智，或者靠各处富人的乐善好施或摆门面讲阔气。这些人的财产如追根溯源总是直接或间接地来自财政收入，常常是来自君主的直接赏赐。 The tanks,wells, and canals for irrigation, without which in many tropical climates cultivation could hardly be carried on; the embankments which confine the rivers, the bazars for dealers, and the seraees for travellers, none of which could have been made by the scanty means in the possession of those using them, owe their existence to the liberality and enlightened self-interest of the better order of princes, or to the benevolence or ostentation of here and there a rich individual, whose fortune, if traced to its source, is always found to have been drawn immediately or remotely from the public revenue, most frequently by a direct grant of a portion of it from the sovereign.
用来满足耕种者需要的原始制造业由乡村工匠逐步建立起来，这些人靠耕种不收租的土地或村民从政府留下的收成中付给他们的实物获得报酬。 The rude manufactures destined for the wants of the cultivators are worked up by village artisans, who are remunerated by land given to them rent-free to cultivate, or by fees paid to them in kind from such share of the crop as is left to the villagers by the government.
一些农具生产厂商，例如凯斯和迪尔，正在以每套加收6000美元的价格，在标准拖拉机上加装精耕农具系统。农民们发现这种精耕农具系统有许多优点，可以降低成本，提高产量并减轻对环境的破坏。 Farm equipment manufacturers, such as Case and Deere, are selling precision farming systems on standard tractors for an additional ＄ 6,000 because farmers find it advantageous: Precision farming can reduce costs, increase yields, and decrease environmental impact.
从1992年初到1999年8月，中国政府先后在中越边境中国一侧进行了两次大规模扫雷行动，共排除各种地雷和爆炸物220多万枚，销毁废弃弹药700余吨，完成扫雷面积300多平方公里，打通边贸通道和口岸290多个，恢复弃耕地、弃荒牧场和山林6万公顷，消除了边境冲突遗留地雷对当地平民的威胁。 From early 1992 to August 1999, the Chinese government launched two large-scale demining operations on Chinese territory along the Sino-Vietnamese border. Over 2.2 million landmines and explosive devices of various kinds were removed, and more than 700 tons of abandoned ammunition were destroyed. An area of over 300 square kilometers was cleared. Some 290 border trade paths and ports of entry and exit were reopened, and 60,000 hectares of deserted farmland, pastures and forests were restored to their original state. Thus, the threat posed to the local people by the landmines left over from the border conflict has been eliminated.
从1992年初到1999年8月，中国政府先后在中越边境中国一侧进行了两次大规模扫雷行动，共排除各种地雷和爆炸物220多万枚，销毁废弃弹药700余吨，完成扫雷面积300多平方公里，打通边贸通道和口岸290多个，恢复弃耕地、弃荒牧场和山林6万公顷，消除了边境冲突遗留地雷对当地平民的威胁。 From early 1992 to August 1999, the Chinese government launched two large-scale demining operations on Chinese territory along the Sino-Vietnamese border. Over 2.2 million landmines and explosive devices of various kinds were removed, and more than 700 tons of abandoned ammunition and explosive devices were destroyed. An area of over 300 square kilometers was cleared. Some 290 border trade paths and ports of entry and exit were reopened, and 60,000 hectares of deserted farmland, pastures and forests were restored to their original state. Thus, the threat posed to the local people by the landmines left over from the border conflict has been eliminated.
高利贷者放债给因年成不好或苛捐杂税而破产的农民，用以维持他们的生活和耕作，到下一次收获时收回贷款并得到巨额利息。 The money dealers lend to the unfortunate cultivators, when ruined by bad seasons or fiscal exactions, the means of supporting life and continuing their cultivation, and are repaid with enormous interest at the next harvest;
他们从不给土地施肥，当一块地的养分吸尽后，他们就到其他的地里耕作。 They never replenished the soil. When they've milked the land dry they moved on somewhere else.
他们采用的是游牧型的耕作方式，从不给土壤加点肥，一旦把土地的肥力抽干了，就往别处迁移。 They're nomad cultivators, never replenishing the soil. When they've milked the land dry they move on somewhere else.
征用耕地的安置补助费，按照需要安置的农业人口数计算。 The resettlement fee shall be calculated according to the number of agricultural population to be resettled.
每一个需要安置的农业人口的安置补助费标准，为该耕地被征用前三年平均年产值的四至六倍。 The resettlement fees for each agricultural person to be resettled shall be 4-6 times the average annual output value of the three years preceding the requisition of the cultivated land.
需要安置的农业人口数，按照被征用的耕地数量除以征地前被征用单位平均每人占有耕地的数量计算。 The number of agricultural population to be resettled shall be calculated by dividing the amount of cultivated land requisitioned by the per capital land occupied of the unit whose land is requisitioned.
１９９８年发生特大洪水后，总结实施了“封山植树，退耕还林；退耕还湖，平垸行洪；以工代赈，移民建镇；加固干堤，疏浚江河”的基本措施。 Following the 1998 catastrophic flooding, we reviewed the past experiences and implemented the basic measures of "closing off hills for tree planting, returning farmland to forests or lakes, leveling protective embankments to facilitate flood water discharge, providing work-relief, resettling displaced people in newly built towns, reinforcing the main dikes and dredging rivers."