逢入京使 On Meeting a Messenger to the Capital
与高适薛据登慈恩寺浮图 ASCENDING THE PAGODA AT THE TEMPLE OF KIND FAVOUR WITH GAO SHI AND XUE JU
走马川行奉送封大夫出师西征 A SONG OF RUNNING-HORSE RIVER IN FAREWELL TO GENERAL FENG OF THE WESTERN EXPEDITION
轮台歌奉送封大夫出师西征 A SONG OF WHEEL TOWER IN FAREWELL TO GENERAL FENG OF THE WESTERN EXPEDITION
白雪歌送武判官归京 A SONG OF WHITE SNOW IN FAREWELL TO FIELD-CLERK WU GOING HOME
寄左省杜拾遗 A Message to Censor Du Fu at his Office in the Left Court
奉和中书舍人贾至早朝大明宫 An Early Audience at the Palace of Light Harmonizing Secretary Jia Zhi's Poem
北庭西郊候封大夫受降回军献上 North Court of the western suburbs of candidate letters Doctor Accept a surrender Back to the Army offer up
初至西虢官舍南池呈左右省及南宫诸故人 Guo early to West Official residences South Pond was About Provincial and Surname all decedent
过梁州奉赠张尚书大夫公 Crosspiece State Present as a gift Zhang shang book Doctor fair
登北庭北楼呈幕中诸公 Deng Beiting North tower Screen in the pinch was
初过陇山途中呈宇文判官 First off Long Hill En route assume Yu-wen official
陪狄员外早秋登府西楼因呈院中诸公 Accompany Di Ministry councillor Early autumn Teng House West tower The gentlemen were in the hospital due to
冬夜宿仙游寺南凉堂呈谦通人 winter Roost Xianyou temple Southern Liang Tong was modest person of wide knowledge and sound scholarship
潼关镇国军句覆使院早春寄王同州 high Guan town The armed forces of the republic of china Sentence Review to hospital (early)spring Send a king with the state
青山峡口泊舟怀狄侍御 Green hill Col Bo Zhou Huai Di Shiyu
寄青城龙溪奂道人 Send Qingcheng Longxi be numerous, brilliant a respectful form of address for a Taoist priest
梁州对雨怀麴二秀才便麴大判官时疾赠余新诗 Okrug On the rain Huai yeast two Xiucai Then yeast large Official Shijizengyu Poetry
潼关使院怀王七季友 Tongguan to the King of Chu Yuan Friends Season 7
至大梁却寄匡城主人 extremely Crossbeam Quejikuangcheng baas
宿华阴东郭客舍忆阎防 Su Hua Hin Tung-kuo Hotel recall Yan Fang
宿东溪王屋李隐者 Su Li Dongxi wangwu anchorite
郊行寄杜位 Send DU bit suburban line
怀叶县关操姚旷韩涉李叔齐 bosom Ye county Guancaoyaokuang involved in Li Shu Qi Han
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古诗 ancient style poetry
山房春事二首(其二)
岑参
梁园日暮乱飞鸦,极目萧条三两家。
庭树不知人死尽,春来还发旧时花。
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【赏析】 这是一首吊古之作。梁园又名兔园,俗名竹园,西汉梁孝王刘武所建,故址在今河南省商丘县东,周围三百多里。园中有百灵山、落猿岩、栖龙岫、雁池、鹤洲、凫渚,宫观相连,奇果佳树,错杂其间,珍禽异兽,出没其中。梁孝王曾在园中设宴,一代才人枚乘、司马相如等都应召而至。到了春天,更见热闹:百鸟鸣啭,繁花满枝,车马接轸,士女云集。
就是这样一个繁盛所在,如今所见,则是:“梁园日暮乱飞鸦,极目萧条三两家。”这两句描画出两幅远景:仰望空中,晚照中乱鸦聒噪;平视前方,一片萧条,唯有三两处人家。当年“声音相闻”、“往来霞水”(枚乘《梁王兔园赋》)的各色飞禽不见了,宫观楼台也已荡然无存。不言感慨,而今古兴亡、盛衰无常的感慨自在其中。从一句写到二句,极自然,却极工巧:人们对事物的注意,常常由听觉引起。一片聒噪声,引得诗人抬起头来,故先写空中乱鸦。“日暮”时分,众鸟投林,从天空多鸦,自可想见地上少人,从而自然引出第二句中的一派萧条景象。
诗人在远望以后,收回目光,就近察看,只见庭园中的树木,繁花满枝,春色不减当年。就象听到丁丁的伐木声,更感到山谷的幽静一样,这突然闯入他的视野中的绚丽春光,进一步加深了他对梁园极目萧条的印象。梁园已改尽昔日容颜,为什么春花却依旧盛开呢?“庭树不知人去尽,春来还发旧时花。”诗人不说自己深知物是人非,却偏从对面翻出,说是“庭树不知”;不说今日梁园颓败,深可伤悼,自己无心领略春光,却说无知花树遵循自然规律,偏在这一片萧条之中依然开出当年的繁花。感情极沉痛,出语却极含蓄。
作为一首吊古之作,梁园的萧条是诗人所要着力描写的。然而一、二两句已经把话说尽,再要顺着原有思路写出,势必叠床架屋。诗人于紧要处别开生面,在画面的主题位置上添上几笔艳丽的春色。以乐景写哀情,相反而相成,梁园的景色愈见萧条,诗人的吊古之情也愈见伤痛了,反衬手法运用得十分巧妙。
全诗分前后两部分,笔法不同,色调各异,然而又并非另起炉灶,“庭树”与“飞鸦”暗相关合(天空有鸟,地上有树)。篇末以“旧时花”遥应篇首“梁园”,使全诗始终往复回还于一种深沉的历史感情之中。沈德潜在《唐诗别裁》中赞许这首诗说:“后人袭用者多,然嘉州实为绝调。”历来运用反衬手法表现吊古主题的作品固然不少,但有如此诗老到圆熟的,却不多见。
(陈志明) 【资料来源】 卷201_61
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