唐代 郑谷 Zheng Gu  唐代   (851~910)
相和歌辭·長門怨二首 In proper proportion Songs Nagato complain 2
感興 Invigoration
望湘亭 Wang Xiang Ting
采桑 to gather mulberry leaves
悶題
中臺五題·乳毛鬆 Middle court Five Issues milk Maszong
中臺五題·樗裏子墓
中臺五題·牡丹 Middle court Five questions peony
中臺五題·玉蕊(亂前唐昌觀玉蕊最盛) Middle court five questions Lecythidaceae View random pre-TANG Chang Lecythidaceae Height
中臺五題·石柱(外祖在南宮,七轉名曹,鎸記皆在) Middle court five questions Stack Maternal grandfather be Surname seven Transfer of title CAO Juan mind are in the
別同志 allo- compeer
送進士盧棨東歸 accompany A successful candidate in the highest imperial examinations Lu Kai East return
從叔郎中諴輟自秋曹分符安陸屬群盜倡熾流毒…因有寄獻 Father's paternal male cousins who are younger than him Physician trained in herb medicine Ganchuoziqiu CAO points are Qundao advocate Chi Fu Anlu Exert a pernicious influence widely mourn for Have sent dedicate
送徐渙端公南歸 Send Xu Huan End public Go South
送祠部曹郎中鄴出守洋州 accompany Cibu Cao lang In Ye The code Ocean State
送進士許彬 accompany A successful candidate in the highest imperial examinations Xu Bin
次韻和王駕校書結綬見寄之什 Write and reply in poems according to original poem's rhyming words and Wang jia Shou see the book end school even sent the
秘閣伴直
送太學顔明經及第東歸 accompany The highest seat of learning in ancient times in china Yan Ming Jing Pass an imperial examination East return
送進士趙能卿下第南歸
送人遊邊 to see (or walk) someone home Tour Edge
送人之九江謁郡侯苗員外紳 To see (or walk) someone home Nine Jiangye Jun hou Seedling Ministry councillor member of gentry
送許棠先輩之官涇縣 accompany Xu tang Antecedent The official Jing County
送司封從叔員外徼赴華州裴尚書均闢 Secretary to send letters Father's paternal male cousins who are younger than him Ministry councillor Jiao Pei went to Washington State Shang shu Are the provision of
多首一頁
古詩 ancient style poetry
席上貽歌者

郑谷


  花月樓臺近九衢,清歌一麯倒金壺。
  座中亦有江南客,莫嚮春風唱鷓鴣。

【賞析】   古代宴席上,往往要備樂,用歌唱或演奏來勸酒、助興。這首詩從題目看,當是詩人在一次宴席上贈給演唱者的。第一聯“花月樓臺近九衢,清歌一麯倒金壺”。九衢,是指都市中四通八達的街道。從下面兩句看,這一都市當在北方,有人以為即指唐代京城長安。清歌,清脆悅耳的歌聲(亦可指沒有伴奏的獨唱)。倒,斟酒。金壺,精緻名貴的酒器。這兩句詩,采用了由遠而近、由外及內、步步引入的手法。請看:天空,一輪明月;地上,萬傢燈火;街市上行人車馬來來往往。展現的是一幅繁華都會的景象。接着便是一座高樓的外景,明月的清輝照着高樓,照着它周圍盛開的鮮花。畫外音,是聲聲動人心弦的歌聲。再接下去就是:酒樓上,燈紅酒緑,年輕的歌女在演唱;一麯之後,便是一番斟酒、敬酒、舉杯、言笑……這兩句把時間、地點、環境、宴席、歌者、聽者,乃至歌助酒興的歡悅氣氛都表現出來了。寫得詞簡意豐,有虛有實,既使人有身臨其境之感,又給人以想象的餘地。
  
    不過,更精彩的還在詩的第二聯。歌,愈聽愈動情;酒,愈飲愈有興。結果,歌聲更比酒“醉”人。所以三、四兩句不言酒而單寫歌。而且妙在詩人不是對歌者或歌聲進行描繪,也不是直接抒發對歌聲有怎樣的感受,而是說:“座中亦有江南客,莫嚮春風唱鷓鴣”。鷓鴣,是指當時流行的《鷓鴣麯》。據說鷓鴣鷓鴣有“飛必南翥”的特性,其鳴聲象是“行不得也哥哥”。《鷓鴣麯》就“效鷓鴣之聲”的,麯調哀婉清怨。為這個麯子所寫的詞,也大多抒發相思別恨的。詩人為什麽未聽《鷓鴣》情已怯了呢?這頗使人尋味。儘管詩人在開頭二句極力描繪了春風夜月、花前酒樓的京國之春,從後二句中自稱“江南客”,就可以見出詩人的思鄉之心,早已被歌聲撩動了。如果這位歌者再唱出他久已熟悉的那首“佳人才唱翠眉低”的《鷓鴣麯》,那就難免“遊子乍聞徵袖濕”,終至不能自已了。因而詩人鄭重其事地嚮歌者請求莫唱《鷓鴣》了。這充分顯示了歌聲具有使人回腸蕩氣的魅力。詩人把此詩贈給歌者,實際上是意味着聽者(詩人)乃是歌者的知音,表現了詩人在嚮歌者的演唱藝術獻上一顆敬佩之心;而其中又深深地透露出詩人客居異鄉的羈旅之情。當然,他也希望歌者能成為這“心聲”的知音。這就使歌者──聽者、聽者──歌者在感情上得到了交流和融合,取得了深沉感人的藝術效果。(趙其鈞)



【北美枫文集】鷓鴣鳥

【資料來源】 675_25


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