逢入京使 On Meeting a Messenger to the Capital
與高適薛據登慈恩寺浮圖 ASCENDING THE PAGODA AT THE TEMPLE OF KIND FAVOUR WITH GAO SHI AND XUE JU
走馬川行奉送封大夫出師西徵 A SONG OF RUNNING-HORSE RIVER IN FAREWELL TO GENERAL FENG OF THE WESTERN EXPEDITION
輪臺歌奉送封大夫出師西徵 A SONG OF WHEEL TOWER IN FAREWELL TO GENERAL FENG OF THE WESTERN EXPEDITION
白雪歌送武判官歸京 A SONG OF WHITE SNOW IN FAREWELL TO FIELD-CLERK WU GOING HOME
寄左省杜拾遺 A Message to Censor Du Fu at his Office in the Left Court
奉和中書捨人賈至早朝大明宮 An Early Audience at the Palace of Light Harmonizing Secretary Jia Zhi's Poem
北庭西郊候封大夫受降回軍獻上 North Court of the western suburbs of candidate letters Doctor Accept a surrender Back to the Army offer up
初至西虢官捨南池呈左右省及南宮諸故人 Guo early to West Official residences South Pond was About Provincial and Surname all decedent
過梁州奉贈張尚書大夫公 Crosspiece State Present as a gift Zhang shang book Doctor fair
登北庭北樓呈幕中諸公 Deng Beiting North tower Screen in the pinch was
初過隴山途中呈宇文判官 First off Long Hill En route assume Yu-wen official
陪狄員外早秋登府西樓因呈院中諸公 Accompany Di Ministry councillor Early autumn Teng House West tower The gentlemen were in the hospital due to
鼕夜宿仙遊寺南涼堂呈謙通人 winter Roost Xianyou temple Southern Liang Tong was modest person of wide knowledge and sound scholarship
潼關鎮國軍句覆使院早春寄王同州 high Guan town The armed forces of the republic of china Sentence Review to hospital (early)spring Send a king with the state
青山峽口泊舟懷狄侍禦 Green hill Col Bo Zhou Huai Di Shiyu
寄青城竜溪奐道人 Send Qingcheng Longxi be numerous, brilliant a respectful form of address for a Taoist priest
梁州對雨懷麴二秀纔便麴大判官時疾贈餘新詩 Okrug On the rain Huai yeast two Xiucai Then yeast large Official Shijizengyu Poetry
潼關使院懷王七季友 Tongguan to the King of Chu Yuan Friends Season 7
至大梁卻寄匡城主人 extremely Crossbeam Quejikuangcheng baas
宿華陰東郭客捨憶閻防 Su Hua Hin Tung-kuo Hotel recall Yan Fang
宿東溪王屋李隱者 Su Li Dongxi wangwu anchorite
郊行寄杜位 Send DU bit suburban line
懷葉縣關操姚曠韓涉李叔齊 bosom Ye county Guancaoyaokuang involved in Li Shu Qi Han
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古詩 ancient style poetry
武威送劉判官赴磧西行軍
岑参
火山五月行人少,看君馬去疾如鳥。
都護行營太白西,角聲一動鬍天曉。
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【賞析】 天寶十載(751)五月,西北邊境石國太子引大食(古阿拉伯帝國)等部襲擊唐境,當時的武威(今甘肅武威)太守、安西節度使高仙芝將兵三十萬出徵抵抗。此詩是作者於武威送僚友劉判官(名單)赴軍前之作,“磧西”即安西都護府。這是一首即興口占而頗為別緻的送行小詩。
首句似即景信口道來,點明劉判官赴行軍的季候(“五月”)和所嚮。“火山”即今新疆吐魯番的火焰山,海拔四、五百米,岩石多為第三紀砂岩,色紅如火,氣候炎熱。尤其時當盛夏五月,那是“火雲滿山凝未開,鳥飛千裏不敢來”(《火山雲歌送別》)的。鳥且不敢飛,無怪“行人少”了。所以此句還寫出了火山赫赫炎威。而那裏正是劉判官赴軍必經之地。這裏未寫成行時,先出其路難行之懸念。常人視火山為畏途,讀者便等着看劉判官的了。
接着便寫劉判官過人之勇。“看君馬去疾如鳥”,使讀者如睹這樣景象:烈日炎炎,黃沙莽莽,在斷絶人煙的原野上,一匹飛馬掠野而過,嚮火山撲去。那騎者身手何等矯健不凡!以鳥形容馬,不僅寫出其疾如飛,又通過其小,反襯出原野之壯闊。本是“鳥飛千裏不敢來”的火山,現在竟飛來這樣一隻不避烈焰的勇敢的“鳥”,令人肅然起敬。這就形象地歌頌了劉判官一往無前的氣概。全句以一個“看”字領起,贊嘆嘖嘖聲如聞。
“都護行營太白西。”初看第三句不過點明此行的目的地,說臨時的行營遠在太白星的西邊──這當然是極言其遠的誇張。這樣寫卻顯得很威風,很有氣派。細細品味,這主要是由於“都護行營”和“太白”二詞能喚起莊嚴雄壯的感覺。它們與當前唐軍高仙芝部的軍事行動有關。“太白”,亦稱金星,古人認為它的出現在某種情況下預示敵人的敗亡(“其出西失行,外國敗”,見《史記·天官書》)。明白這一點,末句含意自明。
“角聲一動鬍天曉”這最後一句真可謂一篇之警策。從字面解會,這是作者遙想軍營之晨的情景。本來是拂曉到來軍營便吹號角,然而在這位好奇詩人天真的心眼裏,卻是一聲號角將鬍天驚曉(猶如號角能將兵士驚醒一樣)。這實在可與後來李賀“雄雞一聲天下白”的奇句媲美,顯出唐軍將士迴旋天地的凌雲壯志。聯繫上句“太白”出現所預兆的,這句之含藴比字面意義遠為深刻,它實際等於說:衹要唐軍一聲號令,便可决勝,一掃如磐夜氣,使西域重見光明。此句不但是賦,而且含有比興、象徵之意。正因為如此,這首送別詩才脫棄一般私誼範疇,而升華到更高的思想境界。
此詩不落一般送別詩之窠臼。它沒有直接寫惜別之情和直言對勝利的祝願。而衹就此地與彼地情景略加誇張與想象,敘述自然,比興得體,頗能壯僚友之行色,惜別與祝捷之意也就見於言外,在送別詩中堪稱獨具一格了。
(周嘯天) 【資料來源】 201_49
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