逢入京使 On Meeting a Messenger to the Capital
與高適薛據登慈恩寺浮圖 ASCENDING THE PAGODA AT THE TEMPLE OF KIND FAVOUR WITH GAO SHI AND XUE JU
走馬川行奉送封大夫出師西徵 A SONG OF RUNNING-HORSE RIVER IN FAREWELL TO GENERAL FENG OF THE WESTERN EXPEDITION
輪臺歌奉送封大夫出師西徵 A SONG OF WHEEL TOWER IN FAREWELL TO GENERAL FENG OF THE WESTERN EXPEDITION
白雪歌送武判官歸京 A SONG OF WHITE SNOW IN FAREWELL TO FIELD-CLERK WU GOING HOME
寄左省杜拾遺 A Message to Censor Du Fu at his Office in the Left Court
奉和中書捨人賈至早朝大明宮 An Early Audience at the Palace of Light Harmonizing Secretary Jia Zhi's Poem
北庭西郊候封大夫受降回軍獻上 North Court of the western suburbs of candidate letters Doctor Accept a surrender Back to the Army offer up
初至西虢官捨南池呈左右省及南宮諸故人 Guo early to West Official residences South Pond was About Provincial and Surname all decedent
過梁州奉贈張尚書大夫公 Crosspiece State Present as a gift Zhang shang book Doctor fair
登北庭北樓呈幕中諸公 Deng Beiting North tower Screen in the pinch was
初過隴山途中呈宇文判官 First off Long Hill En route assume Yu-wen official
陪狄員外早秋登府西樓因呈院中諸公 Accompany Di Ministry councillor Early autumn Teng House West tower The gentlemen were in the hospital due to
鼕夜宿仙遊寺南涼堂呈謙通人 winter Roost Xianyou temple Southern Liang Tong was modest person of wide knowledge and sound scholarship
潼關鎮國軍句覆使院早春寄王同州 high Guan town The armed forces of the republic of china Sentence Review to hospital (early)spring Send a king with the state
青山峽口泊舟懷狄侍禦 Green hill Col Bo Zhou Huai Di Shiyu
寄青城竜溪奐道人 Send Qingcheng Longxi be numerous, brilliant a respectful form of address for a Taoist priest
梁州對雨懷麴二秀纔便麴大判官時疾贈餘新詩 Okrug On the rain Huai yeast two Xiucai Then yeast large Official Shijizengyu Poetry
潼關使院懷王七季友 Tongguan to the King of Chu Yuan Friends Season 7
至大梁卻寄匡城主人 extremely Crossbeam Quejikuangcheng baas
宿華陰東郭客捨憶閻防 Su Hua Hin Tung-kuo Hotel recall Yan Fang
宿東溪王屋李隱者 Su Li Dongxi wangwu anchorite
郊行寄杜位 Send DU bit suburban line
懷葉縣關操姚曠韓涉李叔齊 bosom Ye county Guancaoyaokuang involved in Li Shu Qi Han
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古詩 ancient style poetry
虢州後亭送李判官使赴晉絳(得秋字)
岑参
西原驛路挂城頭,客散紅亭雨未收。
君去試看汾水上,白雲猶似漢時秋?
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【賞析】 要讀懂這首七絶,至少要掃除兩重障礙。其一,是詩的寫作年代及其時代背景;其二,是判斷最後一句話的語氣。
看題目,自然是送行之作。當時的虢州城,大抵依山建築。西原是城外一個地方。北出黃河的驛路是由城外繞山而去的。所以詩的開頭,纔有“西原驛路挂城頭”的話。此句驟看是寫景,城堞現出了一角,遠處有重重疊疊的山,驛路在山上穿行,看來就象挂在城頭似的;其實又是在敘事,點出送行題目。再把這第一句和次句連起來讀,還可以看到一個雨中送客的場景。除了城堞聳峙,遠山一抹,驛路蜿蜓之外,江邊還有送客亭;雨景中又仿佛可以看見行人上路,主人殷殷相送。純然以寫景來敘事達情,卻又達到情景交融的藝術效果,這是作者在攝取、提煉、表現三方面都下了力量的最好說明。
然而,這首詩不能看作是一般的送客應酬之作,詩人在詩中傾註的思想感情,要比單純的送別友人深廣得多。岑參是於乾元二年(759)至上元二年(761)出任虢州長史的,那時安史之亂還沒有結束。由於戰亂,國土破碎,人民罹難,詩人親眼見到過的開元盛世景象已經一去不復返了。就在這樣的背景上面,我們看到詩人感慨遙深地寫下了這兩句話:“君去試看汾水上,白雲猶似漢時秋?”話裏隱藏着一段典故:有一年,漢武帝劉徹到河東(今山西地區)去,祭了後土之神,又坐船在汾水上遊覽、飲宴,高興起來,做了一首《秋風辭》。有“秋風起兮白雲飛,草木黃落兮雁南歸”的話。漢武帝在位五十多年,是漢朝的鼎盛時期,而唐朝從貞觀到開元一百多年間,國力之盛,比起漢武帝時有過之而無不及。安史之亂一來,卻突然落得如此可悲的局面,詩人自然是不能不有所感觸的。恰好李判官要到晉絳去,詩人於是含蓄地嚮朋友提出這樣的探問:“李判官呵!你到汾水上的時候,看看那裏的雲光山色,可還象漢武帝那個時代那樣雄偉壯麗麽?”很明顯,隱藏在這兩句話後面的,是詩人對於唐帝國衰落的深沉的嘆息。漢武帝的豪情勝概已經不可再見了,唐帝國的聲威功業難道也是這樣結束了嗎?一種對國傢命運深切關懷的激情,在詩人胸中蕩漾。有了這兩句,就給這首送行詩平添許多光彩,我們喜愛它,就不僅僅因為它在藝術上的成就了。
(劉逸生) 【資料來源】 201_50
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