唐代 郑谷 Zheng Gu  唐代   (851~910)
相和歌辞·长门怨二首 In proper proportion Songs Nagato complain 2
感兴 Invigoration
望湘亭 Wang Xiang Ting
采桑 to gather mulberry leaves
闷题
中台五题·乳毛松 Middle court Five Issues milk Maszong
中台五题·樗里子墓
中台五题·牡丹 Middle court Five questions peony
中台五题·玉蕊(乱前唐昌观玉蕊最盛) Middle court five questions Lecythidaceae View random pre-TANG Chang Lecythidaceae Height
中台五题·石柱(外祖在南宫,七转名曹,镌记皆在) Middle court five questions Stack Maternal grandfather be Surname seven Transfer of title CAO Juan mind are in the
别同志 allo- compeer
送进士卢棨东归 accompany A successful candidate in the highest imperial examinations Lu Kai East return
从叔郎中諴辍自秋曹分符安陆属群盗倡炽流毒…因有寄献 Father's paternal male cousins who are younger than him Physician trained in herb medicine Ganchuoziqiu CAO points are Qundao advocate Chi Fu Anlu Exert a pernicious influence widely mourn for Have sent dedicate
送徐涣端公南归 Send Xu Huan End public Go South
送祠部曹郎中邺出守洋州 accompany Cibu Cao lang In Ye The code Ocean State
送进士许彬 accompany A successful candidate in the highest imperial examinations Xu Bin
次韵和王驾校书结绶见寄之什 Write and reply in poems according to original poem's rhyming words and Wang jia Shou see the book end school even sent the
秘阁伴直
送太学颜明经及第东归 accompany The highest seat of learning in ancient times in china Yan Ming Jing Pass an imperial examination East return
送进士赵能卿下第南归
送人游边 to see (or walk) someone home Tour Edge
送人之九江谒郡侯苗员外绅 To see (or walk) someone home Nine Jiangye Jun hou Seedling Ministry councillor member of gentry
送许棠先辈之官泾县 accompany Xu tang Antecedent The official Jing County
送司封从叔员外徼赴华州裴尚书均辟 Secretary to send letters Father's paternal male cousins who are younger than him Ministry councillor Jiao Pei went to Washington State Shang shu Are the provision of
多首一页
古诗 ancient style poetry
鹧鸪(谷以此诗得名,时号为郑鹧鸪)

郑谷


  暖戏烟芜锦翼齐,品流应得近山鸡。
  雨昏青草湖边过,花落黄陵庙里啼。
  游子乍闻征袖湿,佳人才唱翠眉低。
  相呼相应湘江阔,苦竹丛深春日西。

【赏析】   晚唐诗人郑谷,“尝赋鹧鸪,警绝”(《唐才子传》),被誉为“郑鹧鸪”。可见这首鹧鸪诗是如何传诵于当时了。
  
    鹧鸪,产于我国南部,形似雌雉,体大如鸠。其鸣为“钩辀格磔”,俗以为极似“行不得也哥哥”,故古人常借其声以抒写逐客流人之情。郑谷咏鹧鸪不重形似,而着力表现其神韵,正是紧紧抓住这一点来构思落墨的。
  
    开篇写鹧鸪的习性、羽色和形貌。鹧鸪“性畏霜露,早晚希出”(崔豹《古今注》)。“暖戏烟芜锦翼齐”,开首着一“暖”字,便把鹧鸪的习性表现出来了。“锦翼”两字,又点染出鹧鸪斑斓醒目的羽色。在诗人的心目中,鹧鸪的高雅风致甚至可以和美丽的山鸡同列。在这里,诗人并没有对鹧鸪的形象作工雕细镂的描绘,而是通过写其嬉戏活动和与山鸡的比较作了画龙点睛式的勾勒,从而启迪人们丰富的联想。
  
    首联咏其形,以下各联咏其声。然而诗人并不简单地摹其声,而是着意表现由声而产生的哀怨凄切的情韵。青草湖,即巴丘湖,在洞庭湖东南;黄陵庙,在湘阴县北洞庭湖畔。传说帝舜南巡,死于苍梧。二妃从征,溺于湘江,后人遂立祠于水侧,是为黄陵庙。这一带,历史上又是屈原流落之地,因而迁客流人到此最易触发羁旅愁怀。这样的特殊环境,已足以使人产生幽思遐想,而诗人又蒙上了一层浓重伤感的气氛:潇潇暮雨、落红片片。荒江、野庙更着以雨昏、花落,便形成了一种凄迷幽远的意境,渲染出一种令人魂消肠断的氛围。此时此刻,畏霜露、怕风寒的鹧鸪自是不能嬉戏自如,而只能愁苦悲鸣了。然而“雨昏青草湖边过,花落黄陵庙里啼”,反复吟咏,似又象游子征人涉足凄迷荒僻之地,聆听鹧鸪的声声哀鸣而黯然伤神。鹧鸪之声和征人之情,完全交融在一起了。这二句之妙,在于写出了鹧鸪的神韵。作者未拟其声,未绘其形,而读者似已闻其声,已睹其形,并深深感受到它的神情风韵了。对此,沈德潜赞叹地说:“咏物诗刻露不如神韵,三四语胜于‘钩辀格磔’也。诗家称郑鹧鸪以此”(《唐诗别裁》),正道出这两句诗的奥秘。
  
    五、六两句,看来是从鹧鸪转而写人,其实句句不离鹧鸪之声,承接相当巧妙。“游子乍闻征袖湿”,是承上句“啼”字而来,“佳人才唱翠眉低”,又是因鹧鸪声而发。佳人唱的,无疑是《山鹧鸪》词,这是仿鹧鸪之声而作的凄苦之调。闺中少妇面对落花、暮雨,思念远行不归的丈夫,情思难遣,唱一曲《山鹧鸪》吧,可是才轻抒歌喉,便难以自持了。诗人选择游子闻声而泪下,佳人才唱而蹙眉两个细节,又用“乍”、“才”两个虚词加以强调,有力地烘托出鹧鸪啼声之哀怨。在诗人笔下,鹧鸪的啼鸣竟成了高楼少妇相思曲、天涯游子断肠歌了。在这里,人之哀情和鸟之哀啼,虚实相生,各臻其妙;而又互为补充,相得益彰。
  
    最后一联:“相呼相应湘江阔,苦竹丛深日向西。”诗人笔墨更为浑成。“行不得也哥哥”声声在浩瀚的江面上回响,是群群鹧鸪在低回飞鸣呢,抑或是佳人游子一“唱”一“闻”在呼应?这是颇富想象的。“湘江阔”、“日向西”,使鹧鸪之声越发凄唳,景象也越发幽冷。那些怕冷的鹧鸪忙于在苦竹丛中寻找暖窝,然而在江边踽踽独行的游子,何时才能返回故乡呢?终篇宕出远神,言虽尽而意无穷,透出诗人那沉重的羁旅乡思之愁。清代金圣叹以为末句“深得比兴之遗”(《圣叹选批唐才子诗》),这是很有见地的。诗人紧紧把握住人和鹧鸪在感情上的联系,咏鹧鸪而重在传神韵,使人和鹧鸪融为一体,构思精妙缜密,难怪世人誉之为“警绝”了。(徐定祥)

【资料来源】 卷675_76


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