唐代 岑参 Cen Shen  唐代   (715~770)
逢入京使 On Meeting a Messenger to the Capital
与高适薛据登慈恩寺浮图 ASCENDING THE PAGODA AT THE TEMPLE OF KIND FAVOUR WITH GAO SHI AND XUE JU
走马川行奉送封大夫出师西征 A SONG OF RUNNING-HORSE RIVER IN FAREWELL TO GENERAL FENG OF THE WESTERN EXPEDITION
轮台歌奉送封大夫出师西征 A SONG OF WHEEL TOWER IN FAREWELL TO GENERAL FENG OF THE WESTERN EXPEDITION
白雪歌送武判官归京 A SONG OF WHITE SNOW IN FAREWELL TO FIELD-CLERK WU GOING HOME
寄左省杜拾遗 A Message to Censor Du Fu at his Office in the Left Court
奉和中书舍人贾至早朝大明宫 An Early Audience at the Palace of Light Harmonizing Secretary Jia Zhi's Poem
北庭西郊候封大夫受降回军献上 North Court of the western suburbs of candidate letters Doctor Accept a surrender Back to the Army offer up
初至西虢官舍南池呈左右省及南宫诸故人 Guo early to West Official residences South Pond was About Provincial and Surname all decedent
过梁州奉赠张尚书大夫公 Crosspiece State Present as a gift Zhang shang book Doctor fair
登北庭北楼呈幕中诸公 Deng Beiting North tower Screen in the pinch was
初过陇山途中呈宇文判官 First off Long Hill En route assume Yu-wen official
陪狄员外早秋登府西楼因呈院中诸公 Accompany Di Ministry councillor Early autumn Teng House West tower The gentlemen were in the hospital due to
冬夜宿仙游寺南凉堂呈谦通人 winter Roost Xianyou temple Southern Liang Tong was modest person of wide knowledge and sound scholarship
潼关镇国军句覆使院早春寄王同州 high Guan town The armed forces of the republic of china Sentence Review to hospital (early)spring Send a king with the state
青山峡口泊舟怀狄侍御 Green hill Col Bo Zhou Huai Di Shiyu
寄青城龙溪奂道人 Send Qingcheng Longxi be numerous, brilliant a respectful form of address for a Taoist priest
梁州对雨怀麴二秀才便麴大判官时疾赠余新诗 Okrug On the rain Huai yeast two Xiucai Then yeast large Official Shijizengyu Poetry
潼关使院怀王七季友 Tongguan to the King of Chu Yuan Friends Season 7
至大梁却寄匡城主人 extremely Crossbeam Quejikuangcheng baas
宿华阴东郭客舍忆阎防 Su Hua Hin Tung-kuo Hotel recall Yan Fang
宿东溪王屋李隐者 Su Li Dongxi wangwu anchorite
郊行寄杜位 Send DU bit suburban line
怀叶县关操姚旷韩涉李叔齐 bosom Ye county Guancaoyaokuang involved in Li Shu Qi Han
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古诗 ancient style poetry
武威送刘判官赴碛西行军

岑参


  火山五月行人少,看君马去疾如鸟。
  都护行营太白西,角声一动胡天晓。

【赏析】   天宝十载(751)五月,西北边境石国太子引大食(古阿拉伯帝国)等部袭击唐境,当时的武威(今甘肃武威)太守、安西节度使高仙芝将兵三十万出征抵抗。此诗是作者于武威送僚友刘判官(名单)赴军前之作,“碛西”即安西都护府。这是一首即兴口占而颇为别致的送行小诗。
  
    首句似即景信口道来,点明刘判官赴行军的季候(“五月”)和所向。“火山”即今新疆吐鲁番的火焰山,海拔四、五百米,岩石多为第三纪砂岩,色红如火,气候炎热。尤其时当盛夏五月,那是“火云满山凝未开,鸟飞千里不敢来”(《火山云歌送别》)的。鸟且不敢飞,无怪“行人少”了。所以此句还写出了火山赫赫炎威。而那里正是刘判官赴军必经之地。这里未写成行时,先出其路难行之悬念。常人视火山为畏途,读者便等着看刘判官的了。
  
    接着便写刘判官过人之勇。“看君马去疾如鸟”,使读者如睹这样景象:烈日炎炎,黄沙莽莽,在断绝人烟的原野上,一匹飞马掠野而过,向火山扑去。那骑者身手何等矫健不凡!以鸟形容马,不仅写出其疾如飞,又通过其小,反衬出原野之壮阔。本是“鸟飞千里不敢来”的火山,现在竟飞来这样一只不避烈焰的勇敢的“鸟”,令人肃然起敬。这就形象地歌颂了刘判官一往无前的气概。全句以一个“看”字领起,赞叹啧啧声如闻。
  
    “都护行营太白西。”初看第三句不过点明此行的目的地,说临时的行营远在太白星的西边──这当然是极言其远的夸张。这样写却显得很威风,很有气派。细细品味,这主要是由于“都护行营”和“太白”二词能唤起庄严雄壮的感觉。它们与当前唐军高仙芝部的军事行动有关。“太白”,亦称金星,古人认为它的出现在某种情况下预示敌人的败亡(“其出西失行,外国败”,见《史记·天官书》)。明白这一点,末句含意自明。
  
    “角声一动胡天晓”这最后一句真可谓一篇之警策。从字面解会,这是作者遥想军营之晨的情景。本来是拂晓到来军营便吹号角,然而在这位好奇诗人天真的心眼里,却是一声号角将胡天惊晓(犹如号角能将兵士惊醒一样)。这实在可与后来李贺“雄鸡一声天下白”的奇句媲美,显出唐军将士回旋天地的凌云壮志。联系上句“太白”出现所预兆的,这句之含蕴比字面意义远为深刻,它实际等于说:只要唐军一声号令,便可决胜,一扫如磐夜气,使西域重见光明。此句不但是赋,而且含有比兴、象征之意。正因为如此,这首送别诗才脱弃一般私谊范畴,而升华到更高的思想境界。
  
    此诗不落一般送别诗之窠臼。它没有直接写惜别之情和直言对胜利的祝愿。而只就此地与彼地情景略加夸张与想象,叙述自然,比兴得体,颇能壮僚友之行色,惜别与祝捷之意也就见于言外,在送别诗中堪称独具一格了。
  
    (周啸天)

【资料来源】 卷201_49


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