唐代 岑参 Cen Shen  唐代   (715~770)
逢入京使 On Meeting a Messenger to the Capital
与高适薛据登慈恩寺浮图 ASCENDING THE PAGODA AT THE TEMPLE OF KIND FAVOUR WITH GAO SHI AND XUE JU
走马川行奉送封大夫出师西征 A SONG OF RUNNING-HORSE RIVER IN FAREWELL TO GENERAL FENG OF THE WESTERN EXPEDITION
轮台歌奉送封大夫出师西征 A SONG OF WHEEL TOWER IN FAREWELL TO GENERAL FENG OF THE WESTERN EXPEDITION
白雪歌送武判官归京 A SONG OF WHITE SNOW IN FAREWELL TO FIELD-CLERK WU GOING HOME
寄左省杜拾遗 A Message to Censor Du Fu at his Office in the Left Court
奉和中书舍人贾至早朝大明宫 An Early Audience at the Palace of Light Harmonizing Secretary Jia Zhi's Poem
北庭西郊候封大夫受降回军献上 North Court of the western suburbs of candidate letters Doctor Accept a surrender Back to the Army offer up
初至西虢官舍南池呈左右省及南宫诸故人 Guo early to West Official residences South Pond was About Provincial and Surname all decedent
过梁州奉赠张尚书大夫公 Crosspiece State Present as a gift Zhang shang book Doctor fair
登北庭北楼呈幕中诸公 Deng Beiting North tower Screen in the pinch was
初过陇山途中呈宇文判官 First off Long Hill En route assume Yu-wen official
陪狄员外早秋登府西楼因呈院中诸公 Accompany Di Ministry councillor Early autumn Teng House West tower The gentlemen were in the hospital due to
冬夜宿仙游寺南凉堂呈谦通人 winter Roost Xianyou temple Southern Liang Tong was modest person of wide knowledge and sound scholarship
潼关镇国军句覆使院早春寄王同州 high Guan town The armed forces of the republic of china Sentence Review to hospital (early)spring Send a king with the state
青山峡口泊舟怀狄侍御 Green hill Col Bo Zhou Huai Di Shiyu
寄青城龙溪奂道人 Send Qingcheng Longxi be numerous, brilliant a respectful form of address for a Taoist priest
梁州对雨怀麴二秀才便麴大判官时疾赠余新诗 Okrug On the rain Huai yeast two Xiucai Then yeast large Official Shijizengyu Poetry
潼关使院怀王七季友 Tongguan to the King of Chu Yuan Friends Season 7
至大梁却寄匡城主人 extremely Crossbeam Quejikuangcheng baas
宿华阴东郭客舍忆阎防 Su Hua Hin Tung-kuo Hotel recall Yan Fang
宿东溪王屋李隐者 Su Li Dongxi wangwu anchorite
郊行寄杜位 Send DU bit suburban line
怀叶县关操姚旷韩涉李叔齐 bosom Ye county Guancaoyaokuang involved in Li Shu Qi Han
多首一页
古诗 ancient style poetry
虢州后亭送李判官使赴晋绛(得秋字)

岑参


  西原驿路挂城头,客散红亭雨未收。
  君去试看汾水上,白云犹似汉时秋

【赏析】   要读懂这首七绝,至少要扫除两重障碍。其一,是诗的写作年代及其时代背景;其二,是判断最后一句话的语气。
  
    看题目,自然是送行之作。当时的虢州城,大抵依山建筑。西原是城外一个地方。北出黄河的驿路是由城外绕山而去的。所以诗的开头,才有“西原驿路挂城头”的话。此句骤看是写景,城堞现出了一角,远处有重重叠叠的山,驿路在山上穿行,看来就象挂在城头似的;其实又是在叙事,点出送行题目。再把这第一句和次句连起来读,还可以看到一个雨中送客的场景。除了城堞耸峙,远山一抹,驿路蜿蜓之外,江边还有送客亭;雨景中又仿佛可以看见行人上路,主人殷殷相送。纯然以写景来叙事达情,却又达到情景交融的艺术效果,这是作者在摄取、提炼、表现三方面都下了力量的最好说明。
  
    然而,这首诗不能看作是一般的送客应酬之作,诗人在诗中倾注的思想感情,要比单纯的送别友人深广得多。岑参是于乾元二年(759)至上元二年(761)出任虢州长史的,那时安史之乱还没有结束。由于战乱,国土破碎,人民罹难,诗人亲眼见到过的开元盛世景象已经一去不复返了。就在这样的背景上面,我们看到诗人感慨遥深地写下了这两句话:“君去试看汾水上,白云犹似汉时秋?”话里隐藏着一段典故:有一年,汉武帝刘彻到河东(今山西地区)去,祭了后土之神,又坐船在汾水上游览、饮宴,高兴起来,做了一首《秋风辞》。有“秋风起兮白云飞,草木黄落兮雁南归”的话。汉武帝在位五十多年,是汉朝的鼎盛时期,而唐朝从贞观到开元一百多年间,国力之盛,比起汉武帝时有过之而无不及。安史之乱一来,却突然落得如此可悲的局面,诗人自然是不能不有所感触的。恰好李判官要到晋绛去,诗人于是含蓄地向朋友提出这样的探问:“李判官呵!你到汾水上的时候,看看那里的云光山色,可还象汉武帝那个时代那样雄伟壮丽么?”很明显,隐藏在这两句话后面的,是诗人对于唐帝国衰落的深沉的叹息。汉武帝的豪情胜概已经不可再见了,唐帝国的声威功业难道也是这样结束了吗?一种对国家命运深切关怀的激情,在诗人胸中荡漾。有了这两句,就给这首送行诗平添许多光彩,我们喜爱它,就不仅仅因为它在艺术上的成就了。
  
    (刘逸生)

【资料来源】 卷201_50


发表评论