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生平
1912年林語堂入上海聖約翰大學,畢業後在清華大學任教。1919年秋赴美哈佛大學文學係。1922年獲文學碩士學位。同年轉赴德國入萊比錫大學,專攻語言學。1923年獲博士學位後回國,任北京大學教授、北京女子師範大學教務長和英文係主任。1924年後為《語絲》主要撰稿人之一。1926年到廈門大學任文學院長寫雜文,並研究語言。1927年任外交部秘書。1932年主編《論語》半月刊。1934年創辦《人間世》,1935年創辦《宇宙風》,提倡“以自我為中心,以閑適為格凋”的小品文,成為論語派主要人物。1935年後,在美國用英文寫《吾國與吾民》《風聲鶴唳》, 在法國寫《京華煙雲》等文化著作和長篇小說。
1944年曾一度回國到重慶講學。1945年赴新加坡籌建南洋大學,任校長。1947年任聯合國教科文組織美術與文學主任。1952年在美國與人創辦《天風》雜志。1966年定居臺灣。1967年受聘為香港中文大學研究教授。1975年被推舉為國際筆會副會長。1976年在香港逝世。
作品
作品年表:
1928:翦拂集 上海北新書局
1930:Letters of a Chinese Amazon and Wartime Essays(林語堂時事述譯匯刊) 上海開明書店
1930:開明英文讀本(三册) 上海開明書店
1930:英文文學讀本(二册) 上海開明書店
1930:開明英文文法(二册) 上海開明書店
1931:Reading in Modern Journalistic Prose(現代新聞散文選) 上海商務印書館
1933:語言學論叢 上海開明書店
1934:大荒集 上海生活書店
1934:我的話上册(行素集) 上海時代圖書公司
1935:開明英文講義(三册)林語堂、林幽合編 上海商務印書館
1935:The Little Critic: Essays, Satires and Sketches on China, First Series: 1930-1932(英文小品甲集) 上海商務印書館
1935:The Little Critic: Essays, Satires and Sketches on China, Second Series: 1933-1935(英文小品乙集) 上海商務印書館
1935:Confucius Saw Nancy and Essays about Nothing(子見子南及英文小品文集) 上海商務印書館初版
1935:My Country and my People(吾國與吾民) New York: Reynal & Hitchcock, Inc., (A John Day Book)
1936:我的話下册(披荊集) 上海時代圖書公司
1936:A History of the Press and Public Opinion China(中國新聞輿論史) 上海別發洋行
1936:The University of Chicago Press
1937:The Importance of Living(生活的藝術) Reynal & Hitchcoca, Inc., (A John Day Book)
1938:The Wisdom of Confucius(孔子的智慧) Random House, The Modern Library
1939:Moment in Peking(京華煙雲) A John Day Book Company
1940:With Love & Irony(諷頌集) A John Day Book Company
1940:Leaf in the Storm(風聲鶴唳) A John Day Book Company
1941:語堂文存(第一册) 上海林氏出版社初版
1942:The Wisdom of China and India(中國印度之智慧) Random House
1943:Between Tears & Laughter(啼笑皆非) A John Day Book Company
1944:The Vigil of Nation(枕戈待旦) A John Day Book Company
1947:The Gay Genius: The Life and Times of Su Tungpo(蘇東坡傳)A John Day Book Company
1948:Chinatown Family(唐人街) A John Day Book Company
1948:The Wisdom of Laotse(老子的智慧) Random House
1950:on the Wisdom of America(美國的智慧) A John Day Book Company
1951:Widow, Nun and Courtesan: Three Novelettes From the Chinese Translated and Adapted by Lin Yutang(寡婦,尼姑與歌妓:英譯重編傳奇小說) A John Day Book Company
1952:Famous Chinese Short Stories, Retold by Lin Yutang(英譯重編傳奇小說) A John Day Book Company
1953:The Vermilion Gate(朱門) A John Day Book Company
1955:Looking Beyond(遠景) Prentice Hall
1957:Lady Wu(武則天傳) World Publishing Company
1958:The Secret Name(匿名) Farrar, Straus and Cudahy
1959:The Chinese Way of Life(中國的生活) World Publishing Company
1959:From Pagan to Christianity(信仰之旅) World Publishing Company
1960:Imperial Peking: Seven Centuries of China(帝國京華:中國在七個世紀裏的景觀) Crown Publishers
1961:The Red Peony(紅牡丹) World Publishing Company
1962:The Pleasure of a Nonconformist(不羈) World Publishing Company
1963:Juniper Loa(賴柏英) World Publishing Company
1964:The Flight of Innocents(逃嚮自由城) G. P. Putnam's Sons
1965:無所不談一集 臺北文星
1966:平心論高鶚 臺北文星
1967:無所不談二集 臺北文星
1973:Chinese-English Dictionary of Modern Usage(當代漢英辭典) 香港中文大學
1974:無所不談合集 臺北文星
1976:紅樓夢人名索引 臺北華岡
1978:《語堂文集》 開明
1986:《林語堂經典名著》(1— 35) 臺灣金蘭文化出版社
1986:《文人剪影》(散文集)與人合集 重慶人民出版社
1988:《中國人》(雜文集) 浙江人民
1988:《賴柏英》(長篇小說) 湖南文藝
1988:《人生的盛宴》(散文集) 湖南文藝
語錄
兩腳踏東西文化
兩腳踏東西文化
一心評宇宙文章──《我的話》
徹悟與痛苦
一個人徹悟的程度,恰等於他所受痛苦的深度。──《吾國吾民》
稀罕
人類之足引以自傲者總是極為稀少,而這個世界上所能予人生以滿足者亦屬罕有。──《吾國吾民》
倘無幽默
沒有幽默滋潤的國民,其文化必日趨虛偽,生活必日趨欺詐,思想必日趨迂腐,文學必日趨幹枯,而人的心靈必日趨頑固。──《一夕話》
倘無女子
沒有女子的世界,必定沒有禮俗、宗教、傳統及社會階級。世上沒的天性守禮的男子,也沒的天性不守禮的女子。假定沒有女人,我們必不會居住千篇一律的弄堂,而必住在三角門窗八角澡盆的房屋,而且也不知飯廳與臥室之區別,有何意義。男子喜歡在臥室吃飯,在飯廳安眠的。──《金聖嘆之生理學》
人之渺小
人生在宇宙中之渺小,表現得正像中國的山水畫。在山水畫裏,山水的細微處不易看出,因為已消失在水天的空白中,這時兩個微小的人物,坐在月光下閃亮的江流上的小舟裏。由那一剎那起,讀者就失落在那種氣氛中了。
──《蘇東坡傳》
悠閑的情緒
享受悠閑生活當然比享受奢侈生活便宜得多。要享受悠閑的生活衹要一種藝術傢的性情,在一種全然悠閑的情緒中,去消遣一個閑暇無事的下午。──《生活的藝術》
快樂哲學
衹有快樂的哲學,纔是真正深湛的哲學;西方那些嚴肅的哲學理論,我想還不曾開始瞭解人生的真義哩。在我看來,哲學的唯一效用是叫我們對人生抱一種比一般商人較輕鬆較快樂的態度。──《生活的藝術》
筆和錐
作傢的筆正如鞋匠的錐,越用越銳利,到後來竟可以尖如縫衣之針。但他的觀念的範圍則必日漸廣博,猶如一個人的登山觀景,爬得越高,所望見者越遠。──《生活的藝術》
與古人面談
一本古書使讀者在心靈上和長眠已久的古人如相面對,當他讀下去時,他便會想象到這位古作傢是怎樣的形態和怎樣的一種人,孟子和大史傢司馬遷都表示這個意見。──《生活的藝術》
警醒遲鈍
藝術應該是一種諷刺文學,對我們麻木了的情感、死氣沉沉的思想,和不自然的生活下的一種警告。它教我們在矯飾的世界裏保持着樸實真摯。──《生活的藝術》
可憐的世界
……如果我們在世界裏有了知識而不能瞭解,有了批評而不能欣賞,有了美而沒有愛,有了真理而缺少熱情,有了公義而缺乏慈悲,有了禮貌而一無溫暖的心,這種世界將成為一個多麽可憐的世界啊!──《生活的藝術》
最美的時候
一個女子最美麗的時候是在她立在搖籃的面前的時候;最懇切最莊嚴的時候是在她懷抱嬰兒或攙着四五歲小孩行走的時候;最快樂的時候則如我所看見的一幅西洋畫像中一般,是在擁抱一個嬰兒睡在枕上逗弄的時候。──《生活的藝術》
乘船的旅客
人生真是一場夢,人類活像一個旅客,乘在船上,沿着永恆的時間之河駛去。在某一地方上船,在另一個地方上岸,好讓其他河邊等候上船的旅客。──《生活的藝術》
熱情加智勇
人生是殘酷的,一個有着熱烈的、慷慨的、天性多情的人,也許容易受他的比較聰明的同伴之愚。那些天性慷慨的人,常常因慷慨而錯了主意,常常因對付仇敵過於寬大,或對於朋友過於信任,而走了失着。……人生是嚴酷的,熱烈的心性不足以應付環境,熱情必須和智勇連結起來,方能避免環境的摧殘。──《生活的藝術》
死了三次
凡是談到真理的人,都反而損害了它;凡是企圖證明它的人,都反而傷殘歪麯了它;凡是替它加上一個標識和定出一個思想派別的人,都反而殺害了它:而凡是自稱為信仰它的人,都埋葬了它。所以一個真理,等到被竪立成為一個係統時,它已死了三次,並被埋葬了三次了。──《生活的藝術》
曠達的幽默傢
那些有能力的人、聰明的人、有野心的人、傲慢的人,同時,也就是最懦弱而糊塗的人,缺乏幽默傢的勇氣、深刻和機巧。他們永遠在處理瑣碎的事情。他們並不知那些心思較曠達的幽默傢更能應付偉大的事情。──《生活的藝術》
刻板
一般人不能領略這個塵世生活的樂趣,那是因為他們不深愛人生,把生活弄得平凡、刻板,而無聊。──《生活的藝術》
想做另一個人
一位現代中國大學教授說過一句詼諧語:“老婆別人的好,文章自己的好。”在這種意義上說來,世間沒有一個人會感到絶對的滿足的。大傢都想做另一個人,衹要這另一個人不是他現在的現在。──《生活的藝術》
老年之美
古教堂、舊式傢具、版子很老的字典以及古版的書籍,我們是喜歡的,但大多數的人忘卻了老年人的美。這種美是值得我們欣賞,在生活是十分需要。我以為古老的東西,圓滿的東西,飽經世變的東西纔是最美的東西。──《生活的藝術》
不近人情
我所以反對獨裁者,就因為他們不近人情。因為不近人情者總是不好的。不近人情的宗教不能算是宗教;不近人情的政治是愚笨的政治,不近人情的藝術是惡劣的藝術;而不近人情的生活也就是畜類式的生活。──《生活的藝術》
旅行傢
一個真正的旅行傢必是一個流浪者,經歷着流浪者的快樂、誘惑,和探險意念。旅行必須流浪式,否則便不成其為旅行。旅行的要點在於無責任、無定時、無來往信札、無嚅嚅好問的鄰人、無來客和無目的地。一個好的旅行傢决不知道他往那裏去,更好的甚至不知道從何處而來。他甚至忘卻了自己的姓名。──《生活的藝術》
蠶
一個學者是像一隻吐出所吃的食物以飼小鳥的老鷹;一個思想傢則像一條蠶,他所吐的不是桑葉而是絲。──《生活的藝術》
和土壤相親
讓我和草木為友,和土壤相親,我便已覺得心滿意足。我的靈魂很舒服地在泥土裏蠕動,覺得很快樂。當一個人優閑陶醉於土地上時,他的心靈似乎那麽輕鬆,好像是在天堂一般。事實上,他那六尺之軀,何嘗離開土壤一寸一分呢?──《生活的藝術》
溫飽黑甜
我曾經說過,中國人對於快樂概念是“溫暖、飽滿、黑暗、甜蜜”──即指吃完一頓豐盛的晚餐上床去睡覺的情景。一個中國詩人也曾說:“腸滿誠好事;餘者皆奢侈。”──《生活的藝術》
過客
我們對於人生可以抱着比較輕快隨便的態度:我們不是這個塵世的永久房客,而是過路的旅客。──《生活的藝術》
美人魚
如果我自己可以自選做世界上作傢之一的話,我頗願做個安徒生。能夠寫女人魚(The Mermaid)的故事,想着那女人魚的思想,渴望着到了長大的時候到水面上來,那真是人類所感到的最深沉最美妙的快樂了。──《生活的藝術》
所有科學的進步,都在乎這好奇心.好奇心,就是趣.科學發明,就是靠這個趣字而已。
Lin was born in the town of Banzi in Zhangzhou Fujian province in southeastern China. This mountainous region made a deep impression on his consciousness, and thereafter he would constantly consider himself a child of the mountains (in one of his books he commented that his idea of hell was a city apartment). His father was a Christian minister. His journey of faith from Christianity to Taoism and Buddhism, and back to Christianity in his later life was recorded in his book From Pagan to Christian (1959)
Lin studied for his bachelor's degree at Saint John's University in Shanghai, then received a half-scholarship to continue study for a doctoral degree at Harvard University. He left Harvard early however, moving to France and eventually to Germany, where he completed his requirements for a doctoral degree (in Chinese) at the University of Leipzig. From 1923 to 1926 he taught English literature at Peking University. On his return to the United States in 1931, he was briefly detained for inspection at Ellis Island.
Dr. Lin was very active in the popularization of classical Chinese literature in the West, as well as the general Chinese attitude towards life. He worked to formulate a new method of romanizing the Chinese language, and created an indexing system for Chinese characters.
He was interested in mechanics. Since Chinese is a character-based rather than an alphabet-based language, with many thousands of separate characters, it has always been difficult to employ modern printing technologies. For many years it was doubted that a Chinese typewriter could be invented. Lin, however, worked on this problem for decades and eventually came up with a workable typewriter -- brought to market in the middle of the war with Japan.
He also invented and patented several lesser inventions such as a toothbrush with toothpaste dispensing.
After 1928 he lived mainly in the United States, where his translations of Chinese texts remained popular for many years. His many works represent an attempt to bridge the cultural gap between the East and the West. He was frequently nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature.
His first two books, My Country and My People (吾國与吾民,吾国与吾民) (1935) and The Importance of Living (生活的藝術,生活的艺术) (1937), written in English in a charming and witty style, brought him international fame. Others include Between Tears and Laughter (啼笑皆非) (1943), The Importance of Understanding (1960, a book of translated Chinese literary passages and short pieces), The Chinese Theory of Art (1967), and the novels Moment in Peking (京華煙雲,京华烟云) (1939) and The Vermillion Gate (朱門,朱门) (1953), Chinese-English Dictionary of Modern Usage (當代漢英辭典,当代汉英词典) (1973).
His wife, Lin Tsui-feng was a cookbook author whose authentic recipes did a great deal to popularize the art of Chinese cookery in America. Dr. Lin wrote an introduction to one of her and their daughter Lin Hsiang Ju's (林相如) collections of Chinese recipes. His second daughter, Lin Tai-Yi (林太乙) was the general editor of Chinese Readers' Digest from 1965 until her retirement in 1988.
Dr. Lin was buried at his home in Yangmingshan, Taipei, Taiwan. His home has been turned into a museum, which is operated by Taipei-based Soochow University. The town of Lin's birth, Banzi, has also preserved the original Lin home and turned it into a museum.
in China, Kelly and Walsh
(1937) The Importance of Living, Reynal & Hitchcock, Inc., (A John Day Book)
(1938) The Wisdom of Confucius, Random House, The Modern Library
(1939) Moment in Peking, A John Day Book Company
(1940) With Love & Irony, A John Day Book Company
(1940) Leaf in the Storm, A John Day Book Company
(1942) The Wisdom of China and India, Random House
(1943) Between Tears & Laughter, A John Day Book Company
(1944) The Vigil of Nation, A John Day Book Company
(1947) The Gay Genius: The Life and Times of Su Tungpo, A John Day Book Company
(1948) Chinatown Family, A John Day Book Company
(1948) The Wisdom of Laotse, Random House
(1950) On the Wisdom of America, A John Day Book Company
(1951) Widow, Nun and Courtesan: Three Novelettes From the Chinese Translated and Adapted by Lin Yutang, A John Day Book Company
(1952) Famous Chinese Short Stories, Retold by Lin Yutang, A John Day Book Company
(1953) The Vermilion Gate, A John Day Book Company
(1955) Looking Beyond, Prentice Hall (Published in England as The Unexpected island, Heinemann)
(1957) Lady Wu, World Publishing Company
(1958) The Secret Name, Farrar, Straus and Cudahy
(1959) The Chinese Way of Life, World Publishing Company
(1959) From Pagan to Christianity, World Publishing Company
(1960) Imperial Peking: Seven Centuries of China, Crown Publishers
(1960) The Importance of Understanding, World Publishing Company
(1961) The Red Peony, World Publishing Company
(1962) The Pleasure of a Nonconformist, World Publishing Company
(1963) Juniper Loa, World Publishing Company
(1964) The Flight of Innocents, G. P. Putnam's Sons
(1973) Chinese-English Dictionary of Modern Usage, Hong Kong Chinese University
Works by Lin Tsuifeng ("Mrs. Lin Yutang") and their daughter Lin Hsiang Ju
In English
(1956) Cooking with the Chinese Flavor, Prentice Hall (co-written with Lin Hsiang Ju)
(1960) Secrets of Chinese Cooking, Prentice Hall (co-written with Lin Hsiang Ju)
(1972) Chinese Gastronomy, Pyramid Publications; 1977 reprint: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich (co-written with Lin Hsiang Ju, with an introduction by Dr. Lin Yutang)
(1996) The Art of Chinese Cuisine, Tuttle (a retitled edition of 1972 Chinese Gastronomy, co-written with Lin Hsiang Ju, with an introduction by Dr. Lin Yutang)
Works by his second daughter Lin Tai-Yi
Biography of Lin Yutang
Golden Platter Street
The Queen and I
Lin's Second Daughter
How Do You Do?