唐代  (892年～908年)

姓：	李
名：	柷
网笔号：	昭宣光烈孝皇帝
庙号：	景宗
陵墓：	温陵
开端 终结 在位 904年 907年 天佑 904年 919年 

　　唐哀帝（892－908）李柷（ｃｈù）是唐昭宗第九子，汉族，景福元年（892）九月三日生于大内。初名李祚，乾宁四年（897）封辉王，是唐朝最后的一个皇帝，从小颠沛流离，在腥风血雨、惶惶不安中过日子。他是唐昭宗的第九个儿子。天佑元年，唐昭宗被朱温（朱全忠）谋杀时，朱温立13岁的辉王李柷为皇太子，当天又叫皇后命太子于柩前即位，是为唐哀帝。他即位的当天，宫中一派恐怖气象，皇亲国戚、宫女嫔妃和大臣们为唐昭宗的惨死悲伤，但没有人敢哭出声来。唐哀帝即位后，尊母亲何皇后为皇太后。天佑二年二月初九日，唐哀帝才登位半年。朱温派枢密史蒋玄晖邀请唐哀帝的几个兄弟德王李裕、棣王李羽、虔王李楔、琼王李祥、沂王李湮、遂王李纬、景王李秘、祁王李祺、雅王李缜等，到洛苑九曲池赴宴。宴会当中，忽然进来一群兵士，手持粗绳利刃，将他们抓住，全部活活勒死，尸体投入九曲池。14岁的唐哀帝得知兄弟们被朱温派人杀死后，也不敢放声痛哭，只在深夜里暗暗抽泣。他只有和母亲何太后相依为命了。周围全是朱温派来监视他的人。不久，柳璨、张廷范也被朱温杀死。 天佑四年春正月，朱温逼迫唐哀帝下诏于二月行传禅之礼。将帝位禅让给朱温，奉朱温为帝。朱温改国号为梁，史称后梁。朱温封唐哀帝为济阴王，迁居曹州。朱温命人在他居住的四周围上荆棘，第二年又派人将唐哀帝杀死。 谥号：昭宣光烈孝皇帝；安葬地：温陵。
　　
　　生平
　　哀帝当国，一切政事都由朱全忠决策。他即位以后甚至都没有改元，一直在使用“天佑”年号。然而，不幸的是，天不佑唐，大唐帝国近300年的基业注定要在他手里倒塌了。
　　哀帝在位期间，其实没有下达过任何实际的政令。那些以他的名义下达的制敕，其实都是按照朱全忠的意思办理，所谓“时政出贼臣，哀帝不能制”。他名义上的上朝，也会以各种冠冕堂皇的借口停罢。哀帝能够做的，就是顺乎朱全忠的意思，把朱的政治地位和威望一步步提升和加固。天佑二年（905）十月，敕成德军改为武顺军，下辖的藁城县改为藁平，信都为尧都，栾城为栾氏，阜城为汉阜，临城为房子，这是为了避全忠祖父朱信、父亲朱诚的名讳。朱全忠父、祖的名字要避讳，说明朱全忠已开始超越了臣下的身份。
　　对哀帝有利的事情有这么两件，估计是出于他的本意或者是亲信的主张，但是都没有成功。一件事是天佑二年（905）九月以宫内出旨的名义加封他的乳母为昭仪和郡夫人。其中乳母杨氏赐号昭仪，乳母王氏封郡夫人，另外一个也姓王的乳母在昭宗时已封郡夫人，也打算准杨氏例改封为昭仪。此举被宰相提出异议，他们认为：“乳母自古无封夫人赐内职的先例。后来因循此例，实在是有乖典制。当年汉顺帝封乳母宋氏为山阳君、安帝乳母王氏为野王君时，朝廷上就议论纷纷。臣等商量，当今局势下礼宜求旧，望赐杨氏为安圣君，王氏为福圣君，第二王氏为康圣君。”哀帝也只好依从。另外一件是天佑二年（905）十一月，哀帝准备在十九日亲祠圜丘（祭天）的事。当时各衙门已经做好了举行礼仪的各项准备，宰相也已下南郊坛熟悉有关仪式。可是，朱全忠听到后很不高兴，认为举行郊天之礼是有意延长大唐国祚。有关主持的官员很恐惧，就借口改期使此事不了了之。
　　然而，紧接着，哀帝就将已为梁王的朱全忠加授相国，总百揆，又进封魏王，所担任的诸道兵马元帅、太尉、中书令、宣武、宣义、天平、护国等军节度观察处置等使的职务照旧，“入朝不趋，剑履上殿，赞拜不名，兼备九锡之命”，基本上超过了汉初相国萧何和汉末丞相曹操。朱全忠的身份是自两汉以来权臣篡位的重现，其地位距离九五之尊已经只有一步之遥了。
　　天佑二年（905）六月，朱全忠在亲信李振和朝廷宰相柳璨的鼓动下，将裴枢、独孤损、崔远等朝廷衣冠之流三十多人集中到黄河边的白马驿全部杀死，投尸于河，制造了惊人的“白马之变”。李振多年参加进士科考试总是不中，对裴枢等人怀有切肤之痛。他对朱全忠道：“这些人常自谓清流，现在投入黄河，就变成浊流了。”朱全忠大笑，这实际上扫除了他篡位过程中的一大障碍。朱全忠对读书人怀有天然的敌意，这从一件小事上可以看出。朱全忠曾率手下路过一棵大柳树，在树下歇脚时，他自言自语：“这柳树可以做车毂。”手下无人应答，树下几个读书人模样的游客却附和他：“确实可以做车毂。”未成想，朱全忠勃然大怒，厉声说道：“书生辈好顺口玩人，都是你五代十国文官俑们这个样子。做车毂要用夹榆木，岂可使用柳木！” 回头对手下道：“你们还等什么？”竟将附和他的几个人痛打致死。
　　天佑二年（905）十二月，朱全忠借故处死了枢密使蒋玄晖，又借口“玄晖私侍积善宫皇太后何氏，又与柳璨、张廷范为盟誓，求兴唐祚”，将哀帝母后何氏杀死，并废黜为庶人。不久，宰相柳璨被贬赐死，其弟兄也被全部处死。太常卿张廷范被五马分尸，其同伙被除名赐死者若干。朱全忠已是生杀予夺，大权在握了。
　　天佑四年（907）三月，经过一番假意的推辞，时为天下兵马元帅、梁王的朱全忠接受了哀帝的“禅位”。建国号梁，改元开平，以开封为国都，史称后梁。
　　从此，后梁、后唐、后晋、后汉、后周，五代相继，中国历史进入了五代十国的混乱时期。直到公元960年，后周大将赵匡胤黄袍加身，建立宋朝，才结束了唐朝之后约半个世纪分裂割据的黑暗时代。
　　哀帝先被降为济阴王，迁于开封以北的曹州（今山东菏泽），安置在朱全忠亲信氏叔琮的宅第。由于太原李克用、凤翔李茂贞、西川王建等仍然奉天佑正朔，不承认他的梁朝，朱全忠担心各地军阀的拥立会使废帝成为身边的定时炸弹，就一不做，二不休，于天佑五年（开平二年，908）二月二十一日将年仅17岁的哀帝鸩杀。朱全忠为加谥曰“哀皇帝”，以王礼葬于济阴县定陶乡（今山东定陶县）。

　　Emperor Ai of Tang (892-908) Li zhu (chù) is the ninth son of Emperor Tang Zhaozong, Han, King Fuk first year (892) was born on September 3 Ouchi. First name Li Zuo, dry Ning four years (897) Wang Feng-hui, the last emperor of the Tang Dynasty, from small displacement, in the reign, live in constant fear. He was the ninth son of Emperor Tang Zhaozong. God Bless the first year, Emperor Tang Zhaozong be Taizu of Later Liang (Zhu Quanzhong) murder, Taizu of Later Liang Hui Wang Li 13-year-old crown prince Li zhu for the day, also known as Queen's life in the coffin came to the throne, Prince is to Tang Ai. He ascended the throne of the day, the palace school of terror weather, royal, odalisque concubines and ministers for the tragic death of Emperor Tang Zhaozong sad, but no one dared to cry. Tang Aidi's reign, respect for the Queen Mother Queen Mother Ho. God Bless years early in February the 9th, Tang Ai came to the throne only six months. Taizu of Later Liang sent senator History Jiang Xuanhui invited Tang Aidi's brothers de Wang Yu Li, Di Wang Li Yu, Qian Wang Li wedge, Jean Wang Xiang Li, Yi Wang Li submerged, then Wang Li Wei, Jing Wang Li secretary, Qi Wang Li Qi, Ya Wang Li Zhen, etc., to Luo Yuan 9 Pond dinner. Party which, suddenly came a group of soldiers, armed with rope razor, will they seize, all burned and strangled, body into nine pools. 14-year-old Tang Aidi that killed brothers were sent after Taizu of Later Liang, did not dare bawl, just sobbing in the middle of the night secretly. He was only a mother Empress Dowager Dependence. Taizu of Later Liang sent to monitor all around him. Soon, Liu Can, Zhang Tingfan also Taizu of Later Liang killed. God Bless the spring of the first month for four years, forcing Taizu of Later Liang Tang Ai edict in February Zen Ritual Acts. The throne Abdication to Taizu of Later Liang, Bong Taizu of Later Liang Emperor. Taizu of Later Liang change the country for the beam, known to history as Girder. Taizu of Later Liang Feng Tang Ai as Jiyin king, moved Caozhou. Taizu of Later Liang ordered his residence surrounded by the thorns, the second year they sent someone to kill Tang Ai. Posthumous name: Zhao Xuanguang strong filial emperor; buried: Wenling.
　　Ai good thing on so 2, estimated or intended for his cronies claim, but without success. One thing is God Save the two years (905) in September with the aim of intrauterine sealed on behalf of his wet nurse for the county Zhao Yi and his wife. No. Zhao Yi Yang gave them wet nurse, wet nurse Mrs. Wang Feng County, another wet nurse named Wang is also the time of closure in the county Akimune wife, also intends to change quasi-labeled Zhao Yi Yang cases. This challenge has been prime minister, who said: "Since ancient times, lactating mothers without closure wife giving a precedent within the profession. Then follow this case, it is a good code system. Then Han Feng Shun, who favored wet nurse for the Sanyo Jun Song, Han'an wet nurse Wang s for the wild Wang Jun, the court on talking about. Chendeng discuss the current situation should seek under the old ceremony, giving hope for the Ansheng Jun Yang, Fu Wang for the monarch and the second for the Kangsheng Jun Wang. "Ai also had to comply. Another one is God Bless years (905) in November, the 19th prepared to pro-Ai Temple Circular Mound (Heaven) things. At that time, Yamen has already done the ceremony held at the ready, the southern suburbs of the altar under the prime minister has also been familiar with the ceremony. However, Zhu Quanzhong upset after hearing that the ceremony held in the rural days of the intention to extend the Great Tang Guozuo. The auspices of the officers of the fear, on the pretext of re-scheduled to make this go without.
　　God Bless years (905) in June, Zhu Quanzhong prime minister in the cronies Li Zhen and Liu Can the court's encouragement, the Pei Shu, Tokgo loss, CUI Yuan-court attire and the like 30 other people along the Yangtze River baimayi concentration to kill all cast corpse in the river, creating a striking "Baima change." Zhen-years do not always participate in the Examination, on the Pei Shu, who harbor painful experience. He Zhuquan Zhong Road: "These people often from the so-called clean, and now into the Yellow River, it becomes a turbidity current." Zhu Quanzhong laugh, it actually removed him usurp the throne during a major obstacle. Zhu Quanzhong natural harbor on the intellectual hostility, which can be seen from a trivial matter. Zhu Quanzhong rate of men who passed by a large willow, stopping for a rest under a tree, he said to himself: "This car hub Willow can do." Men no one answered, several scholars under the trees look like tourists but echoed him: "Indeed car hub can do. "unpaired think Zhu Quanzhong rage, snapped:" Good and tasty playing scholar generation who are you Five Dynasties and Ten States civilian figurines are like this. do car hub to use folder elm, how can they use the willow! "Looking back opponent said:" What are you waiting for? "has listed several people agree with him to beat to death.
　　Since then, Later Liang, Later Tang, Houjin, after the Han, the Later Zhou Dynasty, Five Dynasties successively, Chinese history entered a chaotic period of Five Dynasties and Ten States. Until AD 960, the Later Zhou Dynasty generals Kuangyin rule as emperor, established the Song Dynasty, only about half a century after the end of the Tang Dynasty disintergrating the Dark Ages.