táng dài  盛唐(685nián～762nián)

wǎngbǐhào：	zhì dào dà shèng dà míng xiào huáng dì
miàohào：	xuán zōng
língmù：	tài líng
kāiduān zhōngjié zàiwèi 712nián 756nián 先天 712niánbāyuè 713niánshíyīyuè 开元 713niánshíèryuè 741niánshíèryuè 天宝 742niányuányuè 756niánqīyuè  xiào jīng lèi Book of Filial Piety class： 《xiào jīng zhù shū》 shīcí： 《jīng zōu lǔ jì kǒng zǐ 'ér tàn zhī I Pass Through the Lu Dukedom with a Sigh and a Sacrifice for Confucius》   《guò jìn yáng gōng Palace had Jinyang》   《xíng cì chéng gāo tú jīng xiān shèng qín jiàn dé zhī suǒ miǎn sī gōng yè gǎn 'ér fù shī Bank plays Chenggao via The teacher of teachers Thought of the Burmese capture Jiande Meritorious deeds Flu indite》   《xiào liè yì chéng xǐ féng dà xuě shuài tí jiǔ yùn yǐ shì qún guān Hi every school hunting Yoshinari Heavy snow Rate Question 9 rhyme to show Qunguan》   《cì zhū zhōu cì shǐ yǐ tí zuò yòu Chi Zhu State feudal provincial or prefectural governor Block the right to question》   《sòng zhōng zhōu tài shǒu kāng zhāo yuǎn děng accompany Chungju Procurator Yasuaki so far》   《sòng lǐ yōng zhī rèn huá tái accompany Li yong Of any slipway》   《duān wǔ sān diàn yàn qún chén tàn dé shén zì Exploration of the three ministers Dragon Palace banquet Life-like word》   《wēn tānɡ duì xuě Hot water on the snow》   《dēng pú zhōu xiāo yáo lóu Teng puzhou Happy Building》   gèngduōshīgē... yuèdòulǐ lóng jī Li LongJizài百家争鸣dezuòpǐn!!! yuèdòulǐ lóng jī Li LongJizài诗海dezuòpǐn!!!

唐玄宗李隆基。至道大圣大明孝皇帝 唐玄宗又称唐明皇，唐睿宗李旦的第三个儿子。因平定韦氏之乱被立为太子，延和元年即位。唐玄宗开元年间，社会安定，政治清明，经济空前繁荣，唐朝进入鼎盛时期，后人称这一时期为开元盛世。唐玄宗后期，他贪图享乐，宠信并重用李林甫等奸臣，终于导致安史之乱发生，唐朝开始衰落。公元712年至756年在位，在位44年。 李隆基出生的时候正是武则天主政要做女皇的时候，所以他小时候就经历了错综复杂的宫廷变故，这也许促使他形成了意志坚定的性格。他小时候就很有大志，在宫里自诩为“阿瞒”，虽然不被掌权的武氏族人看重，但他一言一行依然很有主见。 在他七岁那年，一次在朝堂举行祭祀仪式，当时的金吾将军（掌管京城守卫的将军）武懿宗大声训斥侍从护卫，李隆基马上怒目而视，喝道：“这里是我李家的朝堂，干你何事？！竟敢如此训斥我家骑士护卫！”弄得武懿宗看着这个小孩儿目瞪口呆。武则天得知后，不但没有责怪李隆基，反而对这个年小志高的小孙子备加喜欢。到了第二年，李隆基就被封为临淄郡王。 在奶奶武则天死后，中宗懦弱无能，结果朝政大权落到了韦皇后和安乐公主之手，原来发动政变恢复唐朝的功臣、宰相张柬之也被他们贬官驱逐，太子李崇俊被杀。韦皇后效仿原来武则天的做法，让自己的兄长韦温掌握大权，对于女儿安乐公主的违法卖官鬻爵也不加制止，大加纵容。在公元710年，中宗终于死于韦皇后和安乐公主之手，被她们合谋毒杀。然后，韦皇后便想学习婆婆武则天，做第二个女皇。 没有等韦皇后动手，一直静观时变的李隆基和姑姑太平公主便抢先发动了兵变，率领御林军万余人攻占了皇宫，把韦皇后一派全部消灭。然后，由睿宗李旦重新即位，李隆基也因功被立为太子。 但父亲李旦也和中宗一样是个软弱的皇帝，不愿和太平公主发生正面冲突，总是忍让。而太平公主则认为是自己给了他做皇帝的机会，功劳巨大，所以她掌握了朝政大权。随着自己势力的强大，太平公主的野心也膨胀起来，想像母亲那样也做做女皇。 太平公主的主要对手便是太子李隆基，开始她没把他放在眼里，觉得他还年轻，但后来了解了李隆基的英勇果断之后，就开始防范他。她制造舆论说，李隆基不是长子，没资格做太子，更不能继承皇位。太平公主的目的是要废除李隆基的太子身份，为自己以后做女皇帝开路。 到公元712年，睿宗厌烦了做皇帝的生活，把帝位让给了儿子李隆基，但是太平公主仍然掌握了朝政大权：朝廷三品以上官员的任免权和军政大事的决定权。睿宗的让位加剧了李隆基和太平公主的矛盾。双方都在积蓄力量，准备除掉对方。 在公元713年的七月三日，唐玄宗李隆基果断地先下了手，亲自率领兵马除掉了太平公主和她的手下骨干几十人，将倾向太平公主的官员全部罢官废黜。唐玄宗终于掌握了皇帝应有的权力。当年，唐玄宗把年号改为开元，表明了自己励精图治，再创唐朝伟业的决心。 唐玄宗虽然在清除太平公主之后，彻底巩固了皇权，但当时的形势不容乐观：兵变大大地伤了朝廷元气，吏治的混乱、腐败亟待治理。所以，唐玄宗表示要量才任官，提拔贤能人做宰相。在这方面唐玄宗还是有伯乐眼光的。如著名的宰相姚崇、宋璟、张九龄都是唐玄宗时期的宰相，著名大臣。 姚崇办事果断，他因为向唐玄宗提出了十条建议而被器重，做了宰相。十条建议包括了勿贪边功、广开言路、奖励正直大臣、勿使皇族专权、勿使宦官专权等，唐玄宗基本上都按照姚崇的建议执行了。 对于皇亲国戚，姚崇也不进行照顾。当时薛王李业的舅舅王仙童欺压百姓，为非作歹，姚崇奏请玄宗批准后，惩办了王仙童。 姚崇还主持了开元初年的对蝗灾的治理工作。当时在黄河的南北地区都发生了严重蝗灾，蝗虫飞起来遮天蔽日，对庄稼的破坏异常严重。姚崇深知如果不能及时消灭蝗虫，不仅会导致经济的重大损失和百姓的灾难，而且对于国家稳定也至关重要。他亲自指挥，下令各郡县要全力以赴消灭蝗虫，有功的进行奖励。在他的大力推动下，蝗灾没有再继续蔓延，很快被制止住了。 姚崇之后是宋璟，他也很重视对人才的选拔任用，虽然他掌握朝政大权，但他决不徇私枉法，相反，对自己的亲属还更加严格地要求。一次，他的远房叔叔宋元超在参加吏部的选拔时，对主考官说了自己和宋璟的特殊关系，希望能予以照顾，弄个好官儿做做。结果被宋璟得知后，不但没有给他说情，反而特地关照吏部不给他官做。 张九龄是广东人，当时的广东被称为岭南，还不是发达地区，犯罪的人也经常被流放到那里，以示惩罚。所以在人们眼里，那里是荒凉、艰苦的地方。出身于广东的人由于历代在朝中做官的很少，所以那里出来的人很难在朝中做到宰相这么高的官。但是张九龄却凭借着自己出众的才华被玄宗相中。 张九龄在做宰相之后，也像玄宗那样看重人的品德和才干，而不是看重其背景。在吏部参与选拔官吏时，他一直主张要公正选才，量才使用。同时，对于玄宗的过错，他也及时地指出，加以劝谏，不因为玄宗对自己有知遇之恩就隐瞒实情。 唐玄宗不仅慧眼识贤相，还对吏治进行了整治，提高官僚机构的办事效率。他采取了很多的有效措施，第一，精简机构，裁减多余官员，把武则天以来的许多无用的官员一律裁撤，不但提高了效率，也节省了政府支出。第二，确立严格的考核制度，加强对地方官吏的管理。在每年的十月，派按察使到各地巡查民情，纠举违法官吏，严惩不怠。第三，重新将谏官和史官参加宰相会议的制度予以恢复。这本是唐太宗时期的一种制度，让谏官和史官参与讨论国家大事，监督朝政。到了武则天主政之后，提拔了许敬宗和李义府等人做宰相，有的事不敢再公开，因此将这种制度也就废除了。第四，重视县令的任免。唐玄宗认为郡县的官员是国家治理的最前沿，和百姓直接打交道，代表了国家形象。所以，玄宗经常对县官亲自出题考核他们，确切地了解这些县官是不是真正地称职。如果考试优秀，可以马上提拔，如果名不副实，也会马上遭到罢黜。 唐玄宗知人善任，赏罚分明，办事干练果断，这是他能开创开元盛世的主要原因。 唐玄宗不仅对内政进行有效的治理，对于边疆也进行了有成效的治理，将原来丢失的领地重新夺了回来。 早在唐玄宗即位之前，北方边境已是危机四伏。在武则天做皇帝的初期，即公元686年（万岁通天元年），契丹的李尽忠利用当时的民族矛盾，煽动部下反叛唐朝，而且攻占了营州。武则天派兵反击，结果失败。此后，在公元703年，安西地区的碎叶镇也被突厥攻占，致使丝绸之路最后断绝，严重影响了唐朝的声誉和外贸经济。 北方的领土在唐朝初年曾经统一，而且设置了单于、安北都护府，分别管辖长城内外到贝加尔湖的广阔地区。到了武则天主政以及做皇帝时期，突厥人经常骚扰边境，还攻占了蔚州（现在河北的蔚县）和定州（现在河北定县），迫使唐朝将安北都护府南迁。 为了重新统一北方，唐玄宗采取了很多措施，为收复北方领土做准备。这主要是对于兵制进行了改革。原来的府兵制由于均田制的破坏，致使农民逃亡，影响了军队的兵源。高宗和武则天时期，对于军事不太重视，到了唐玄宗做了皇帝时，士兵逃跑现象极为严重，军队战斗力也很低，无法和强悍的突厥军队抗衡。 在公元723年，即开元十一年，唐玄宗接受了宰相张说的改革主张，建立雇佣兵。从关内招募到军士十二万人，充当卫士，这就是“长从宿卫”，也叫做“长征健儿”，这次改革是从府兵制到雇佣兵制的转变。此后经过十多年的努力，玄宗将这种制度推广到了全国。这种制度使原来的府兵轮番到边境守卫的做法取消，解除了各地人到边境守卫之苦。同时，这种雇佣兵还为集中训练、提高战斗力提供了保证。 除了对兵制进行改革之外，唐玄宗还采取了其他很多的整军措施，如颁布了《练兵诏》，命令西北的军镇扩充军队，加强训练。同时，任命太仆卿王毛仲为内外闲厩使，全力负责军用马匹的供应，这使短缺的马匹及时得到了补充，提高了战斗力。另外，为彻底解决军粮问题，玄宗又命令扩充屯田范围，在西北和黄河以北地区大力发展屯田，增加粮食产量。 在做好了充分准备后，唐朝逐步把营州等地收复，长城以北的回纥等族也自动取消了独立割据的称号，重新归附唐朝。安北都护府也恢复了，唐朝重新行使对长城以北土地的管辖权。 西域地区政权的恢复经历了两个阶段，第一个阶段是收复碎叶镇，第二阶段是重新恢复了丝绸之路。唐朝的威望在西域重新建立起来。 为了增加国家的收入，打击强占土地、隐瞒不报的豪强，唐玄宗发动了一场检田括户运动。当时的豪强霸占了农民的土地之后，称为“籍外之田”，他们还将逃亡的农户变成自己的“私属”，在土地和人口两方面逃避国家税收。 公元712到725年之间，唐玄宗的检田括户运动收到了实效。他任命宇文融为全国的覆田劝农使，下设十道劝农使和劝农判官，分派到各地去检查隐瞒的土地和包庇的农户。然后把检查出来的土地一律没收，同时把这些土地分给农民耕种。对于隐瞒的农户也进行登记。这样下来，一年增加的客户钱就高达几百万之多。 通过这些有效的措施，唐玄宗使唐朝的经济又步入正规，减轻了农民的负担，同时也增加了国家的财政收入，促进了国家经济的繁荣。 佛教在唐朝初年虽然没有被查禁，但发展受到了儒教和道教的限制，特别是对道教的提倡，使得佛教的发展没有取得至尊的地位。但是到了武则天时期，为了从宗教上来打击李姓，武则天对佛教采取了纵容态度，这使得佛教发展迅速。在全国的各个州基本都有佛教寺院。僧侣们不仅在国家的包庇纵容下兼并土地，还极力逃避国家税收。和尚数目的大量增加，使国家承担赋税和徭役的人数减少，影响了国家的收入。 在开元二年，唐玄宗下令削减全国的僧人和尼姑数量，最后使全国还俗的僧尼达到一万二千人之多。然后，玄宗又下令，禁止再造新的寺庙，禁止铸造佛像，禁止传抄佛经。对于官员和僧尼的交往也进行禁止，这使佛教在玄宗时期受到了很大的打击。 唐玄宗的一系列有效措施使唐朝的政治、经济、文化都得到新的发展，超过了他的先祖唐太宗，开创了中国历史上强盛繁荣、流芳百世的“开元盛世”。 开创了盛世之后，唐玄宗逐渐开始满足了，沉溺于享乐之中。没有了先前的励精图治精神，也没有改革时的节俭之风了。正直的宰相张九龄等人先后被罢官，小人李林甫爬上了相位。李林甫病死后，又是杨国忠掌权，致使政治更加黑暗。 这个李林甫最善于揣测唐玄宗的意思，在公元736年，唐玄宗想从洛阳回长安，但宰相张九龄等人说秋收还没有结束，这样上路会骚扰百姓，影响生产。李林甫在张九龄走后却对唐玄宗说，长安和洛阳是陛下的东宫和西宫，陛下愿意什么时候来往就什么时候来往，不必再等以后，至于妨碍了农民秋收，免了他们的税收也就行了。 玄宗很高兴，照计而行。后来，李林甫就找机会诬陷张九龄等人，终于使唐玄宗将这些敢于直言的宰相罢官，由他把持了朝政。李林甫掌权之后，凡是不听从他、不和他站在一起的人都要想方设法地陷害。李林甫嫉妒贤能之人，嘴里说的话很好听，但心里却阴险毒辣。所以，人们背地里说他是“口有蜜，腹有剑”。 公元736年，唐玄宗宠爱的妃子武惠妃病死，玄宗日夜寝食不安。听人说他和武惠妃的儿子寿王李瑁的妃子杨氏美貌绝伦，艳丽无双，于是不顾什么礼节，就将他招进宫里，杨妃懂音律，也很聪明，还擅长歌舞，很得玄宗欢心。 为了掩盖自己夺儿媳的丑恶行径，唐玄宗让杨妃自己请求进宫做女官，住进南宫，又赐号太真。为了安慰儿子寿王，唐玄宗又给他娶了个妃子作为补偿。 这个时期的封建伦理观念还没有南宋末年朱熹理学出来之后那么严格，男女观念虽然是不平等，但对于女性的贞操观念和改嫁等方面还是比较宽容的，封建社会对于妇女的压制是元朝之后的明朝和清朝。武则天之所以能做女皇，和这时的这种宽容的社会心理有关，所以，到了清朝末年，同样掌握国家政权的慈禧太后就不敢称女皇了，社会舆论和社会心理的作用是很重要的一个原因。 后来，唐玄宗封杨妃为贵妃，这就是历史上有名的杨贵妃。贵妃的地位仅次于皇后，但这时候没有皇后，所以杨贵妃实际上就是唐玄宗的皇后了。玄宗对她恩宠备至，还称赞她是自己的“解语之花”。爱屋及乌，有了杨贵妃的关系，杨氏一族开始飞黄腾达。所以，当时民间竟有了生小孩希望生女孩，将来入宫做妃子荣耀家族的观念。 为了讨贵妃的欢心，唐玄宗可谓费劲心机。为了迎合她喜欢服装的心理，有专门为贵妃服务的七百多人给她做衣服。为了让她吃上喜欢的荔枝，玄宗还下令开辟了从岭南到长安的几千里贡道，以便荔枝能及时地用快马快速运到长安，因为荔枝摘下后五天内会变味儿。而杨贵妃生在南方，喜欢吃这种东西。 有了杨贵妃，唐玄宗的奢侈之风越来越盛，大臣、贵族、宗室为了巴结皇帝，投贵妃所好，结果让她高兴的人都升了官，这又刺激更多的官僚贵族巴结逢迎，争献美味佳肴、珍异珠宝。 在妹妹的关系影响下，哥哥杨国忠也平步青云，一步登天，做上了唐朝宰相。杨贵妃的姐姐们也得到了实惠：大姐封为韩国夫人，二姐封为虢国夫人，三姐封为秦国夫人。其他的兄长也有封赏，做了朝中的高官。杨国忠的权势无人能比，兄妹二人的辉煌时期也为日后的悲惨结局埋下了伏笔。 在杨国忠的专权下，整个唐朝开始混乱起来，可以说，唐朝的转向衰落固然有唐玄宗的过失，但杨氏兄妹特别是杨国忠这个哥哥没有起到正面的作用，他的为非作歹，也没有给妹妹带来好运，反而把妹妹送上了不归路。美丽并不是罪过，但美丽却是一个起因。 在杨国忠的一手遮天之下，首先是朝政混乱。在暴雨造成灾害时，玄宗询问灾情，杨国忠却拿着大个的粟穗子给玄宗看，说雨大但没有影响收成。下边有的官员报告灾情，请求救助，他大发雷霆，命令司法机关进行严惩。杨国忠能力不高，但喜欢胡乱处理朝政，正事做不好，坏事却很在行，接受贿赂、拉帮结派等等应用自如。 朝政混乱影响了国家的经济。均田制在这个时期瓦解，税收急剧减少，但朝廷的花费却因为玄宗和杨贵妃的奢侈而逐渐增多，国库入不敷出。政治的腐败还影响了军队的战斗力，因为招募的兵士都是一些无赖之徒。这些人在后来玄宗发动的战争中不但没有夺得胜利，反而招致了更多的失利。 玄宗对于唐朝的危机丝毫没有察觉，反而向外发动了一系列的战争。政治腐败与黑暗，影响了将领的贪功求官的欲望。为了挑起战争，并在战争中立功受赏，加官进爵，边镇的很多将领肆意挑衅，使得边境战乱不断，玄宗的好战对此又是火上加油。初期的边境安定局面又被打破了，最终导致了安史之乱，唐朝大伤元气。 一是西边和吐蕃的关系恶化，开战后互有伤亡，损害了历来的和睦有好关系。二是西南的南诏国。由于边境将领的骄横跋扈，致使本该平息的冲突日益升级，结果唐朝征兵和南诏开战。先后战死、病死的唐朝兵达二十万之多 简介 李隆基 （685-762），即唐玄宗，世称唐明皇。玄宗精通音律，善诗词书法。他一向崇尚经术，屏弃浮华，注意改革学风。登帝位后，更凭借天子权利在政治上加以号召，对盛唐质朴文风的形成起了一定作用。 附：唐玄宗的音乐方面的才能与贡献 李隆基酷爱音乐。6岁能歌舞，显露出音乐资质。少年时在府中自蓄散乐一部以自娱。他精于多种乐器演奏，如琵琶、横笛等，羯鼓的演奏技艺尤为高超。他对唐代的音乐制度做了多次重大改革，调整了原九部乐、十部乐为坐、立部伎，促进了音乐艺术的发展与提高；他设立梨园，扩充教坊，培养了许多优秀的音乐艺人；吸收和容纳外来音乐，提倡俗乐，造成了前所未有的唐乐气派。 在8世纪上半叶，就世界音乐范围而言，李隆基堪称是一位少有的作曲大师。唐南卓《羯鼓录》曾说他“若制作曲词，随音即成，不立章度，取适短长，皆应散声，皆中点拍”。他一生中参与创作的音乐作品甚多，其中大部分是器乐独奏曲、合奏曲和大型歌舞曲。作品从各个不同的侧面，直接或间接地反映了他的政治生涯和唐代由盛至衰的历史面貌。其作品均已亡佚无存。根据史料记载，这些作品大都是他在710年以后创作完成的，正是盛唐到中唐转折时期。 李隆基即位前所作《还京乐》、《夜半乐》，是为了纪念他所主持的诛杀韦、武朋党集团的宫廷政变而作的。他即位后，任用得人，出现了“开元之治”的盛世局面，并创作和改编了为数不少的宣扬君权神授、歌颂文治武功和太平盛世的音乐作品，如《圣寿乐》、《小破阵乐》、《光圣乐》、《文成乐》等等。李隆基长于“法曲”风格，喜欢采用“游仙”题材，他本人参与创作、改编的有《霓裳羽衣》、《凌波曲》、《紫云回》等。艺术上，历代多有赞赏之词。在李隆基的音乐创作中，占比重较大的要推羯鼓曲。羯鼓原是西北少数民族的一种打击乐器，隋时传入中原。由于李隆基对羯鼓的特殊喜好，视其为八音领袖，故多为之谱曲，如《春光好》、《秋风高》等，多被载入史册。 李隆基晚期多思念之作。被后世称道的追忆马嵬坡之行的《雨霖铃》，怀念贤相张九龄的《谪仙怨》，史料中或指其为玄宗自制，或谓乐工奉命而作，都与李隆基主持有关。 唐玄宗文学年表 唐天后垂拱元年(685)一岁 八月五日生于洛阳.睿宗李旦第三子,母昭成顺圣皇后窦氏.李旦"温恭好学，通诂训，工草隶书'',窦氏出身名门. 垂拱二年(686年)二岁 正月,武则天下诏还政于睿宗,不敢受. 二月,新罗请<<礼记>>等书,赐之. 三月,武则天置铜瓯受密奏,高密之风大起. 四月,铸大仪,置北阕. 六月,苏良嗣,韦待价韦文昌左右相,同凤阁鸾台三品. 九月,以狄仁杰韦冬官侍郎. 垂拱三年(687年)三岁 闰正月,封为楚王. 五月,杀刘 之 七月,突厥寇朔州,遣李多祚破之. 十一月,罢御史监军之制.本年天下大饥,山东关中尤甚 垂拱四年(688年)四岁 二月毁乾元殿,做明堂,以薛怀义为使,凡役数万人. 五月,武则天加号圣母神皇. 六月,狄仁杰奏废淫祠. 八月,琅琊王李冲,越王李贞起兵谋匡复唐室失败而死. 九月,武则天大杀唐皇室. 十二月,明堂成,号万象神宫. 永昌元年(689年)五岁 九月,遣薛怀义两次讨伐突厥,皆大败 十一月,始用周正.武则天自名曌,改诏为制,除唐室属籍. 周天授元年(690)六岁 正月,武承嗣,岑长倩为左右相,同凤阁鸾台三品 二月,策贡士于洛城殿,殿试从此开始. 七月,颁沙门撰<<大云经>>,令诸州建大云寺. 八月,大杀唐宗室. 九月,改国号为周,改元天授,以豫王李旦为皇嗣,赐姓武,封武氏外戚为王. 天授二年(691年)七岁 四月,令佛教在道教前,僧尼位于道士前.七月移关内雍,同等七州民十万于洛阳. 八月,狄仁杰为相. 十月,制官人咸令自举. 如意元年(692年)八岁 长寿二年（693年）九岁 正月，皇嗣妃刘氏，德妃窦氏（李隆基生母），被武则天暗害，痤于宫中，不自在何处啊 十二月，降封为林芝王。 延载元年（695年）十岁 正月，突厥可汗骨笃禄卒，其子幼弟默啜自立可汗，寇灵州。三月，以薛怀义等十八将军讨默啜，大败。本年摩尼教始传入中国。 证圣元年（695年）十一岁 天册万岁二月，薛怀义被杀。 四月，大周万口颂德天枢成。 万岁通天元年（696年）十二岁 万岁登封九月，吐蕃请和，令山东近诸州置武骑团兵 令天下系囚及士庶家奴骁勇者，官偿其值，发以击契丹。 十月，契丹攻陷冀州 神功元年（697年）十三岁 四月，铸九鼎，共用铜五十六万零其百余斤。 圣历元年（698年）十四岁 三月，召庐陵王李哲于房州 圣历二年（699年）十五岁 七月，武则天令太子李显，相王李旦与梁王武三思，定王武攸止等立誓于明堂 久视元年（700年）十六岁 闰七月，唐休璟打破吐蕃。 十月，控鹤监张易之引富商宋霸子入宫侍宴同博。 大足元年（701年）十七岁 长安元年 十月，武则天还长安，赐宅于兴庆坊，亦与兄弟五人住，号称五王宅 长安二年（702年）十八岁 正月，初设武举 十二月，置北亭都护府于庭州 长安三年（703年）十九岁 四月，吐蕃遣使献马千匹，金二千两求婚 长安四年（704年）二十岁 史载隆基“仪范伟丽，有非常之表”。历右卫郎将尚辇奉御。 神龙元年（705年）二十一岁 正月，武则天病重，宰相张柬之、崔玄暐与尚书台右丞敬晖、司刑少卿桓彦范、相王府司马袁恕己等共拥太子李显为帝 姚元之出为亳州刺史。 五月，封张柬之、崔玄暐、桓彦范、敬晖、袁恕己为王，皆罢知政事，朝归武、韦。 六月，河南，河北十八州大水。 十一月，武则天崩年八十二。本年户六百十五万，口计三千七百十四万。 神龙二年（706年）二十二岁 闰正月，太平、安乐等公主，并开府置官属。敬晖、桓彦范、袁恕己出为滑、洛、豫三州刺史。 三月，又左迁敬晖、崔玄暐、桓彦范、袁恕己为朗、均、亳、郢州刺史。 大置员外官凡二千余人。超受阉官七百以上。 四月，黄门侍郎宋璟贬为检校贝州刺史。 十二月，突厥入寇灵、原、会州掠牧马数万。 七月，敬晖等长流岭南，旋被武三思遣人矫制虐杀。 景龙三年（710年）二十六岁 九月，太平公主，安乐公主各树朋党，中宗患之。 本年冬，中宗祀南郊，隆基离潞州入京参加大典。礼毕，复居长安。时皇室多故，隆基常阴引材之士以助。 景云元年（710年）二十六岁 正月，金城公主赴吐蕃成亲。 六月，韦后与安乐公主毒死中宗，韦后临朝称制，改元唐隆。李重茂即皇帝位，年十六，以外戚韦温总知内外守提兵马事。时韦后拟篡位．深忌相王旦及太平公主．密与安乐公主、韦温及私党宗楚客、武延秀等谋除之。临淄王隆基乃与太平公主及公主子卫尉卿薛崇简、范总监钟绍京、前朝邑尉刘幽求、利仁府折冲麻嗣宗等密谋诛除韦党。万骑果毅葛福顺、陈玄礼、李仙兔等皆参与密谋。 庚子夜，隆基七百杀韦后、安乐公主、宗楚客、韦温等。 七月，以洛州长史宋嫌检校吏部尚书同中书门下三品。 八月，罢斜封官数千人。 从本年始．于各地陆续设盐池、漕运、租庸、户口等专使。 十月．太平公主忌太子英武．欲久固已权，徽布流言说：“太子非长，不当立。”又派人侦察太子活动，事无巨细密报睿宗。 景云二年(711 年）二十七岁 正月．任太仆卿娜元振、中书侍郎张说井同平．事。因为太平公主要陷害太子，宋璟与姚元之建议将太平公主迁出东都。张说建议令太子监国以杜流言。二月， 令太平公主徙居蒲州。 太子监国。复斜封育。左右万骑与左右羽林为北门四军，令葛福顺统率。四月制，“凡双事皆取太子处分。”初于河西设节度使。五月，太子请召太平公主回京，睿宗准奏。六月，设十道按察使。 十一月．令百姓二十五岁当府兵，五十五岁免。 太极元年（712 年）二十八岁 延和元年正月，改元太极 先天元年五月，改无延和 六月．幽州大都怪孙佺奚袭契丹．唐军覆没。 七月，制传位于太子李隆基。 八月，太子隆基称帝，即唐玄宗。尊睿宗为太上皇。三品以上官除授及大刑政仍决于上皇。改元先天．立妃王氏为皇后。刘幽求与张暐谋以羽林兵除太平公主， 密言于玄宗，玄宗同意。后来张暐泄其谋于侍御史邓光宾，玄宗大俱．几天后．处刘幽求、张暐、邓光宾流刑。开元元年（ 713 年）二十九岁 正月，府兵改为二十五岁点兵，五十岁免。二月．京城大开城门燃灯，夜以继日．凡月余。左拾遗严挺之谏．乃止。刺以严挺之忠直宣示百官，厚赏之。六月，时太平公主依上皇之势擅权用事．宰相七人．四出其门．文武大臣一半附之。王琚、张说、崔日用等促玄宗速除之。 七月，魏知古密告太平公主将于六月初四作乱。前一天．玄宗与薛王业、歧王范、宰相郭元振、龙武将军王毛仲、殿中监姜皎、尚乘奉御王守一、内给事高力士、果毅李守德等发兵，杀萧至忠、岑羲，窦怀贞自杀。四日，太上皇浩：“自今军国刑政，一皆皇帝处分。”太平公主赐死于家中。初九日，赏功臣郭元振等。以高力士知内侍省事，为右监门将军。此后宦官势力显著上升。十五日，以左丞张说为中书令。 十月，玄宗在骊山阅兵．以军容不整罪贬兵部尚书郭元振。以同州刺史姚元之为兵部尚书同中书门下三品，姚元之建议十事．作为开元改革的政纲。十二月．改革开元．改尚书左右仆射为左、右丞相．中书省为紫微省．门下省为黄门省．侍中为监。以姚元之为萦徽令．元之为避开元年．复名崇。张说因文通亲王．贬相州刺史．右右卜射、同中书门下三品．刘幽求贬太子少保。 开元二年（714 年）三十岁 正月，关中久早．人多饥乏，遣使赈给。沙汰僧尼二万余人。 三月，毁天枢及韦后所建天街石台。 五月，悉罢员外官试官、检校官。 六月．以长兄宋王成器、次兄申王成礼、从兄幽王守礼出任外州刺史。 七月，提倡俭约．下制销毁宫内金银器玩、珠玉锦绣．令后妃以下勿得服珠玉锦绣。禁铸佛、写经。建兴庆宫。歧王范、薛王业出京任刺史。 八月，选后宫无用者送还家。时吐蕃攻临跳，从此连年犯边。 九月，令各州修常平仓法。 十二月．立次子郢王嗣谦（后改书瑛）为太子。本年任周玄庆为安南市舶使（即海关）．中国海关从此开始。置陇右节度大使、又置幽州节度经略、镇守大使。 开元三年（715 年）三十一岁 正月．御史大夫宋璟贬睦州刺史。 二月．突傲十姓降者二千余帐。 五月，山东大蝗．吏民不敢捕杀，姚祟奏遣御史督州县捕而埋之。 九月，以马怀素、褚无量为侍读。 十一月，张孝骞定西域，大食等八国请降。崔子嵩等暴，旋败。 开元四年（716 年） 三十二岁 正月，王皇后妹丈长孙昕等，以私愤殴御史大夫李杰，玄宗敕令于朝堂杖杀，以谢百官。诸王开始遥领节度等使。 五月．山东大蝗又起．姚崇又命捕杀之。 玄宗廷试县官．退四十五人。 六月．睿宗崩，年五十五岁。回绝、同罗、奋、拔也固、仆固五部来降。 十一月，姚崇辞职荐广州都份宋璟自代。 十二月，宋璟正式任相。是月．罢十道按察使。 开元五年(717 年）三十三岁 三月，收复营州等十二州，重建营州都份府于柳城。 九月，中书省、门下省及侍中皆恢复旧名。恢复贞观时谏官、史官参加宰相议率会议。 十一月诏访遗书，秘书监马怀素奏请编校群书。本年日本的吉备真备入唐．回国后仿汉字作日本假名（日本文字）。 开元六年(718 年）三十四岁 正月，禁用恶钱，京城骚动，资易几绝。 八月，始加税以增官俸. 是年规定府兵六年简点一次。 开元七年( 719 年）三十五岁 三月，渤海郡王大祚荣卒，子大武艺袭位。是年．置剑南节度使，领益、彭等二十五州。 开元八年（ 720 年）三十六岁 正月，宋璟、苏颋罢相，以源乾曜为黄门侍郎．张嘉贞为中书侍郎、同平章事。 二月，遭使括逃户。枚以府兵役重．六十乃免，宜限以岁晚使百姓轮番负担。 五月，又置十道按察使。以源乾曜为侍中．张嘉贞为中书令。

　　Emperor Li Longji. Shido Story Xiao Ming dynasty emperor
　　Emperor, also known as the Tang emperor, Li Dan Tang Yejong third son. Rebellion was put down due to stand for the Webster Prince, extension, and the first year of reign. Kaiyuan, social stability, clean politics, unprecedented economic prosperity, the Tang Dynasty into the peak, called the period after the Golden Age Kaiyuan. The late Emperor, his hedonistic, favor both with Li Linfu such a traitor, eventually led to the Rebellion took place, the Tang Dynasty began to decline. AD 712 to 756 years in office, the reign of 44 years.
　　Empress Wu Li Longji was born just a Queen to do when in power, he as a child experienced a complicated court misfortune, perhaps prompted him to form a strong-willed character. He was a boy on the great ambition, in the palace self-proclaimed "A hiding", though not in power, Vu Thi ethnic value, but his every word and deed is still very assertive.
　　In his year-old that year, a sacrificial ceremony was held in Chodo, then Kingo General (in charge of guarding the capital, General) Wu Yizong yelled attendants escort, Li Longji immediately glared, shouted: "Here is my Lee's Chodo, dry anything for you?! dare this lecture knight guarding my house! "Wu Yizong looked at the confused child of stunned. Empress Wu was informed, not only do not blame Li Longji, but this little blog on equipment plus high-grandson likes. The second year, are called Linzi Dukes Li Longji.
　　Empress Wu in the grandmother's death, in cases of weak and incompetent, the results fell into the affairs of state power and Anle Gong Wei master hand of the Queen, the original hero coup to restore the Tang Dynasty, prime minister of Cambodia Zhang was deported them Demotion, Prince Edward LI Chong-jun were killed. Queen Empress Wu Wei follow the original practice, so that my brother Wen Wei to power, the daughter of An Legong illegal sale of public nor the Lord to stop, a large increase connivance. In AD 710, were finally died in the Queen and Anle Gong Wei hands of the Lord was their conspiracy poisoning. Then, he wanted to learn mother Empress Wu Wei Queen, the Queen made the second.
　　Empress Wei did not wait for hands, has been quietly observing the time-varying Li Longji and aunt Princess Taiping will be the first to launch a mutiny, led the capture of the palace Guards thousand people, the empress Wei faction wiped them out. Then re-ascended the throne by the Yejong Li Dan, Li Longji has been established as a result of Prince Gong.
　　But his father also, and in cases of Li Dan, like a weak emperor, do not want a confrontation and the Pacific Princess, always patient. The Princess Taiping is considered to be the emperor himself gave him the chance, great credit, she mastered the affairs of state power. With its powerful forces, Pacific Princess also inflated ambition and imagination, as is also doing the Queen Mother.
　　Princess Taiping's main rival is the crown prince Li Longji, began her not looked down on him, that he was still young, but later learned the heroic decisive Li Longji after the start against him. She said public opinion, not the eldest son of Li Longji, not qualified to be Prince, but can not inherit the throne. Princess Taiping was intended to abolish the crown prince Li Longji identity, as do female emperor himself open later.
　　To AD 712, Yejong tired of doing the emperor's life, the throne vacate his son Li Longji, but still control the political affairs of the Pacific Princess power: Mishina court appointment and removal power over officials and military and political affairs of the decision. Yejong demise exacerbated the contradictions between Li Longji and Pacific Princess. Both sides in the reserve force, ready to get rid of each other.
　　In the year 713 of July 3, Emperor Li Longji decisively down the first hand, personally led the troops and horses get rid of the Pacific Princess and the backbone of dozens of her hands, will tend to dismiss from office all officials of the Princess Taiping deposed. Emperor finally mastered the power of the emperor should be. That year, Emperor into the Kaiyuan reign, that his make every effort to scale new Tang Zhaowei industry determination.
　　Although the Princess Taiping Emperor clear after the final consolidation of the imperial power, but the situation was not optimistic: mutiny court vitality greatly hurt, officials in chaos, corruption urgent treatment. Therefore, the Emperor said to be only the amount of any government, the prime minister, who promoted the elite. In this regard, there are still horses Emperor vision. Such as the famous prime minister Yao Chong, Song Jing, ling Emperor during the prime minister are well-known minister.
　　Yao Chong act decisively, because he made 10 recommendations to the Emperor was regarded highly, made prime minister. 10 recommendations, including a side not to corrupt power, airing, reward integrity minister, must not allow royal dictatorship, must not allow eunuchs, etc., Emperor basically implemented in accordance with the recommendations of Yao Chong.
　　The royal, Yaochong not to care. Xue was Wang's uncle Wang Lee Fairchild oppress the people, doing evil, Yao Chong petitioned reign approval to punish the king of Fairchild.
　　Yaochong also presided over the inception of the early years of the locust's governance. At that time in the north and south of the Yellow River have undergone a serious plague of locusts, grasshoppers fly crowded in upon, damage to crops great. Yao Chong know in time if not eradicate locusts will not only lead to a significant economic loss and the people of the disaster, but also vital for national stability. His personal command, ordered the county to go all out to destroy locusts, to reward meritorious. In his energetic efforts of the locust did not continue spreading quickly to stop living.
　　Yao Chong followed by Song Jing, he attached great importance to the selection and appointment of talent, although he mastered affairs of state power, but he never bending, the opposite, their relatives Huan more stringent to ask. Once his distant uncle Super Song selection in time to participate in the Ministry of Personnel, to the interviewer that their special relationship and Song Jing, hoping to take care of, the extent to do some good guan'er. Jing Song, after being informed that the results, not only failed to intercede for him, but specially take care of the Ministry of Personnel officials do not give him.
　　Ling is Cantonese, then known as the Guangdong Lingnan, not a developed area, crime, people are often exiled there, as a punishment. Therefore, people's eyes, there is a desolate, inhospitable places. Was born in Guangdong in the official DPRK because of the very few ancient, so hard for people out there to do the prime minister of DPRK-China such a high official. But ling is superior by virtue of their talent was Xuanzong phase.
　　Ling in the prime minister, later, as the reign as the moral value of people and talent, not the value of their background. Officials in the Ministry of Personnel involved in the selection, he always said that just before the election, the amount was used. At the same time, the reign of the fault, and he promptly pointed out to remonstrate, not because the reign of himself helping his career to hide the truth.
　　Emperor not only identify what Xian Xiang, also carried out on the Official remediation, to improve bureaucratic efficiency. He has taken many effective measures, first, the streamlining, reduction of redundant officials, the Empress Wu of many useless since all officials in the abolition, not only improves efficiency but also save government expenditure. Second, establish a strict examination system, strengthen the management of local officials. October of each year and sent around the provincial judge to inspect the people, censure law officials, severe punishment. Third, the new prime minister will attend the meeting remonstrant and historian of the system is restored. This is a system during the Tang, Expostulation and historian for the discussion of state affairs and supervise affairs of state. To the Empress Wu in power, the promotion of the Xujing Zong and Li Yifu, who the prime minister, and some things did not dare to open, so the system will be also abolished. Fourth, the importance of the appointment and removal of the magistrate. Emperor that the county officials in the forefront of national governance, and to deal directly with the people, represents the image of the country. Therefore, the magistrate personally reign often question their assessment, the precise understanding of the magistrate is not really competent. If the test quality can be promoted immediately, if unworthy of the name, will be deposed soon.
　　Emperor Use of Personnel, reward and punishment, and competent and decisive, this is his main reason to create a New Century Golden Age.
　　Emperor not only for effective management of internal affairs for the border have also been effective governance, the original wins again lost territory back.
　　Early before the Emperor ascended the throne, the northern border is perilous. Empress Wu did the emperor in the early stages of AD 686 (Long live the first year of Babel), Khitan Lee loyal use of the then ethnic conflicts, inciting rebellion under the Ministry of the Tang dynasty, and captured the camp states. Empress Wu troops counterattack, which ended in failure. Since then, in the year 703, the Anxi region of broken leaves town was captured Turks, resulting in the Silk Road was last cut off, severely affected the reputation of the Tang Dynasty, the economy and foreign trade.
　　Northern Territory have been unified in the early years of the Tang Dynasty, and set up Chanyu, Pacify the North House, respectively, both within and outside the jurisdiction of the Great Wall to the vast area of Lake Baikal. To do the emperor and Empress Wu ruled period, Turks often harassed the border, also captured the luxuriant (now Hebei Yuxian) and Dingzhou (now Henan province), forced the Tang Dynasty, will be North Dohobu south.
　　In order to re-unify the north, Emperor has taken many measures to prepare for the recovery of the northern territories. This is mainly carried out for the Military System Reform. Since the original Fubing Surroundings, which has led farmers to flee, affecting the army's manpower. During Zong and Empress Wu, the military not paid much attention to the Emperor, became emperor, the soldiers escape is extremely serious, the military combat is very low, and the powerful can not resist the Turkish army.
　　In AD 723, that is, eleven years Kaiyuan, Zhang Emperor accepted the prime minister said the reforms advocated the establishment of mercenaries. Related to the non-commissioned officers recruited from within the 12 million people, to act as guards, which is "long from the Old Guard," also known as "Long athletes", the reform is to mercenaries from Fubing change in the system. After ten years of effort since then, the system will be extended to reign the country. Such a system so that the original Fu Bing turns to abolish the practice of border guards, lifted over the suffering of people to the border guards. At the same time, this mercenary has also focused on training to improve combat effectiveness provided a guarantee.
　　In addition to the military system reform, the Emperor has taken a whole lot of other military measures, such as the promulgation of the "training Chao," the military command northwest town of expansion of military forces to enhance training. Meanwhile, the appointment of Taipu Qing Wang Chung Mao was busy inside and outside the stable so that, fully responsible for the supply of military horses, which makes the shortage of horses in a timely manner has been added to enhance the combat effectiveness. In addition, in order to solve the issue of rations, reign also ordered to expand the scope of Farming in the northwest and north of the Yellow River develop Farming, increase food production.
　　In well prepared, the Tang Dynasty and gradually recovered to Camp Prefecture, the Great Wall north of the Uighur and other ethnic separatism also canceled an independent title, re-join themselves to the Tang Dynasty. Pacify the North House also restored the Tang Dynasty Great Wall north of the land re-exercise of jurisdiction.
　　Western Regional Authorities of the restoration of two stages, the first phase of the recovery of the broken leaves town, the second stage is the restoration of the Silk Road. Tang's prestige in the Western re-established.
　　In order to increase the country's income, combating land grabbing, hide the Despotic, Emperor launched a campaign check field consists of households. Powerful time after the occupation of the land of farmers, known as the "membership field outside", they will flee into their own households "Si", both in land and population to evade state taxes.
　　Between AD 712-725, Emperor of the inspection field include households received a practical exercise. He appointed a national follow-Rong Tian persuade farmers to consist of 10 and advised farmers to persuade farmers to judge, assigned to the land over to check to conceal and cover up for farmers. Then check out the land to be confiscated, while the cultivation of these lands to the farmers. For concealed households are registered. This way, the year the increase in customers as much money as high as several million.
　　Through these effective measures, the Tang Emperor to make it into the formal economy, to reduce the burden on farmers, but also increased the state revenues, and promoting national economic prosperity.
　　Although the early years of Buddhism in the Tang Dynasty was not banned, but the development of Confucianism and Taoism by the restrictions, especially on the promotion of Taoism, Buddhism makes the supreme status of the development is not achieved. But by the time Empress Wu, in order to blow up from the religion named Li, Empress Wu took connivance of Buddhism, which allows the rapid development of Buddhism. All states in the country have the basic Buddhist monasteries. Monks, not only in countries harboring connivance of annexation of land, also try to avoid state taxes. Significant increase in the number of monks so that the state assume the number of taxes and compulsory labor has decreased, affecting the country's income.
　　In Kaiyuan years, Emperor ordered the reduction of the number of the country's monks and nuns, monks and nuns to flee the country last to reach as many as 12,000 people. Then, reign ordered to prohibit new temple reconstruction, prohibition of casting statues, Buddhist prohibition of private copies. The exchanges between officials and Buddhist monks and nuns were prohibited, which makes the period of Buddhism in the reign had been a serious blow.
　　Emperor of a series of effective measures to make the Tang Dynasty, the political, economic, and cultural have been a new development, more than his ancestor Tang, creating a strong boom in Chinese history, immortalized in the "Golden Age Kaiyuan".
　　Created a Golden Age, the Emperor gradually began to meet, and indulge in pleasure all the time. Without the spirit of the previous make every effort, no reform of the economy to wind up. Ling integrity of the prime minister, who has been dismissed from office, villain Li Linfu climbed phase. Li Linfu after illness, but also the Huang power, resulting in a more dark and political.
　　The Emperor Li Linfu best at the meaning of speculation, in the year 736, the Emperor would like to return from Luoyang Chang'an, but the prime minister, who said ling harvest is not over, this road will harass the people, affecting production. Lilin Fu ling left Quedui the Emperor said, Chang'an and Luoyang is the Majesty of the Orient House and Nishinomiya, when His Majesty willing to travel on when to travel, do not wait for later, as to impede the harvest of farmers, their tax-free line also has .
　　Xuanzong very happy according to the Bank account. Later, Lilin Fu ling on false charges, and others looking for the opportunity finally to Emperor of these outspoken prime minister was dismissed from office, he dominated the affairs of state. Lilin Fu came to power, those who do not obey him, and he does not stand to be trying to trap people. Li Linfu elite jealous person, mouth to say a good listen, his heart was serpent. Therefore, people privately that he is "I have honey, belly with sword."
　　736 AD, the Emperor's favorite concubine Wu Huifei dead, reign spook night. Heard that he and Li Mao Wu Huifei son, the concubine Yang Shou Wang exquisite beauty, gorgeous unparalleled, so regardless of what etiquette, will he move the palace, the Yang Fei understand temperament, very smart, but also good at singing and dancing, it may reign favor .
　　In order to cover up his daughter won the ugly, the palace of Emperor to Yang Fei their request to do female officer, admitted to Nangong, and he gave numbers too true. In order to comfort his son Shou Wang, Emperor married a concubine and gave him as compensation.
　　The feudal period ethical values do not come out after the Southern Song Dynasty Zhu Xi less stringent, though the concept of inequality between men and women, but the concept of female chastity and remarriage and so is relatively tolerant of the feudal social oppression of women after the Yuan Dynasty Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty. Queen Empress Wu reason can do, and then the social psychology of this tolerance are, therefore, to the Qing Dynasty, also held the state power of the Empress Dowager Cixi, said the Queen would not dare, and the social role of public opinion and social psychology is very important one reason.
　　Later, Emperor Yang Fei as the Royal seal, which is the history of the famous Imperial Concubine Yang. Royal's status after the Queen, but this time there is no queen, so Concubine Yang is actually the Queen of the Emperor. Reign of her sound like Grace, also praised her own "language of flowers Solutions." Love with the relationship with Yang Yuhuan, Young family started Apprentice. Therefore, when as much a folk want a girl baby, the future glory of the family palace concubine idea to do.
　　In order to discuss Royal's favor, Emperor can be described as strenuous effort. In order to meet her favorite clothing psychology, there are specialized services to 700 people for the concubine to her clothes. To make her eat like lychee, reign also ordered the opening up thousands of miles from the South to the Chang-Gong Road, Lai Chi timely manner in order to quickly transported to Chang'an with the horse, because within five days off become lychee taste. The Concubine Yang was born in the South, like to eat this kind of thing.
　　With Yang Yuhuan, Emperor Sheng luxury style more and more, ministers, nobles, imperial clan to curry favor with the emperor, cast concubine likes the results so she was pleased the people have got a promotion, which in turn stimulates more bureaucratic elite fawn ingratiation, offering delicious food fight, Rare Jewelry.
　　Under the influence of the sister's relationship, the Huang brothers have a meteoric rise, asking for the moon, cook the Tang dynasty prime minister. Concubine Yang of the sisters have also been benefits: Sister labeled Ms. Han Guo, sister sealed the Lady of Guo State, Third Sister labeled Ms. Qin Guo. Feng Shang other brother also do senior officials in the DPRK. Unparalleled power of the Huang, brother and sister for glory in the future foreshadowed the tragic ending.
　　In the Huang in power, the entire Tang Dynasty, the confusion up, can be said that while the decline of the Tang Dynasty have turned to Emperor's fault, but especially the Huang Yang Shi Xiongmei this brother did not play a positive role, he's doing evil, there is no bring good luck to her sister, but the sister brought a no return. Beauty is not a sin, but it is a beautiful cause.
　　In the Huang of the hoodwink, the first is the political affairs of the confusion. In the disaster caused by heavy rains, the reign asked the disaster, the Huang Su was carrying a large ears of corn were to reign see that rain did not affect the harvest. Below some officials reported the situation and request assistance, he was furious and ordered the judiciary to punish. The Huang abilities, but like dealing with affairs of state at random, get down to business done, bad things are very good at taking bribes, cliques, etc. applications with ease.
　　Affairs of state affected the country's economic chaos. Surroundings collapse during this period, tax drastically reduced, but the court but because of the cost of luxury reign and Yang Yuhuan gradually increased, the Treasury make ends meet. Political corruption also affected the military's combat effectiveness, because the recruitment of soldiers are the only rogue. These were launched in the later reign has not won a victory in the war, instead of incurring more losses.
　　Reign for the crisis in the Tang Dynasty did not even notice, but a series of wars launched from outside. Political corruption and darkness, affect the generals Tangong seeking official desire. In order to provoke a war, and by the reward meritorious service in the war, official promotion into the Jazz, border town, a lot of general wanton provocation, making the border war continued, reign in the militants is fueling this. Turmoil of the early frontier has been broken, and eventually led to the Rebellion, Tang debilitating.
　　First, the relationship between the deterioration in the west and Tibet, after the inter-war casualties, damage to the traditionally good relations of harmony. Second, Nanzhao southwest. As the generals of the arrogant and overbearing border, resulting in the escalating conflict in the calm, the results Tang Nanzhao conscription and war. Have died, over 200,000 dead in the Tang Zhaobing many
　　Introduction
　　Li Longji (685-762), that Emperor, the Bank said the Tang emperor. Xuanzong good command of music, good poetry calligraphy. He has been advocating through surgery, renounce flashy, attention to the reform style of study. An emperor, the emperor even more with the right to be called political, rustic style of the Tang Dynasty played a role in the formation.
　　Attachment: Emperor's musical talent and contribution
　　Li Longji loves music. 6-year-old could sing and dance to reveal the music qualification. Fuchu from the store when the young scattered music one to myself and others. He specializes in a variety of musical instruments such as pipa, flute, etc. Jiegu especially superb playing skills. He made the Tang Dynasty's system of several major reforms and restructuring, the original nine music, 10 music for the Sitting and Standing Kabuki, promote development and enhance the music; he set up opera, expand teaching workshops, trained a lot of good music artists; absorb and accommodate foreign music, to promote folk music, resulting in an unprecedented Tang Dynasty style.
　　Half of the 8th century, the world music coverage, Li Longji called a few composers. Tang Nanzhuo "Jiegu recorded," said he, "if the production of lyrics, with music and tries to establish chapters are not degrees, take appropriate short and long, are to be scattered sound, all the mid-point shot." Participation of his life writing music many, mostly instrumental solo, ensemble and large dance song. Works from different sides, directly or indirectly reflected his political career and rise and fall of the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to the historical features. Disappearing his works have been lost. According to historical records, these works are mostly in the 710 years after his completion of its creation, and it is in the Tang Dynasty to the Tang turning point.
　　Li Longji yearning for more advanced. The recall was later praised maweipo trip, "Yue Ling Ling", miss Xianxiang ling "Immortal resentment," or refer to historical data for the reign of their home-made, or that the musicians were ordered and made, with Li Longji chair about.
　　Emperor chronology of literature
　　Tang days Chuigong first year (685)-year-old
　　Born in Luoyang, August 5. Yejong Li Dan the third son of Queen Mother Zhao Chengshun St. Doushi. Li Dan, "Wen Christine eager to learn, through annotations and training, industrial grass official script'', Doushi well-born.
　　Chuigong years (686 years) old
　　First month, the Empress Wu of government to Yejong edict, not by.
　　In February, so please book Silla, is giving.
　　March, Empress Wu played with copper bowl by the density, density of the wind effect.
　　April, casting a large instrument, and placing the North tie down.
　　June, Suliang Si, Wei Wei Wenchang price to be around with, with the Phoenix Court Luan Taiwan Mishina.
　　In September, to Di Renjie Wei Dongguan assistant minister.
　　Chuigong three years (687 years) aged
　　Run the first month, labeled the king.
　　In May, killing Liu of
　　July, Turk Kou Shuozhou, laid off more than Li Zuo destructible.
　　In November, stop the system censor jianjun. The great famine of the world this year, particularly in Shandong Guanzhong
　　Chuigong four years (688 years) old
　　Qian Yuan Temple destroyed in February, do Mingtang to Xuehuai Yi To, where tens of thousands of people served.
　　In May, plus Our Lady of God Emperor Empress Wu.
　　In June, played the waste Di Renjie Temple prostitution.
　　August, Wang Clan Li Chong, king of Yue Li Zhen raised his army failed to seek Kuangfu Tang Shi died.
　　In September, Royal Empress Wu Tang big kill.
　　December, Ming Tang Cheng, No. Vientiane Shrine.
　　Yongchang first year (689 years) old
　　In September, twice a crusade against the Turkish removal Xuehuai Yi, were defeated
　　In November, beginning with the Zhou Zheng. Empress Wu from the name of Zhao, Chao for the system to change, in addition to Tang Shi is a nationality.
　　Zhou Tianshou first year (690)-year-old
　　The first month, Wu Chengsi, Cen Changqian left and right phase, with the Phoenix Court Luan Taiwan Mishina
　　February, Gongshi policy in Los Angeles Temple, and successful candidates from the beginning.
　　July, awarded salmonella essays, so that states were building large Yun Temple.
　　In August, a large kill Tang imperial clan.
　　In September, changing the country for the week, reign title Tianshou to Yu Wang Li Dan was Huangsi, surname Wu, Feng Vu Thi Dukes is king.
　　Tianshou years (691 years) old
　　April, so Buddhism Taoism ago, Taoist monks and nuns in the front. July moved within the Yong Guan, the same seven million people in the state of Luoyang.
　　August, Di Renjie as phase.
　　October, so the bootstrap system Husband salt.
　　Ideal first year (692 years) old
　　Longevity years (693 years) old
　　The first month, Huang Si-fei Liu, Defeidoushi (Li Longji mother), was Empress Wu stab in the back, acne on the palace, where ah uncomfortable
　　In December, down labeled Nyingchi king.
　　Extension contains the first year (695 years) old
　　The first month, Paul Benedict bone Turkic Khan died, and his son, his little brother Mochuai self-Khan, Kou Ling Chau. March to discuss Mochuai Xuehuai Yi and other 18 generals, defeated. Manichaeism into China this year began.
　　Card the first year St. (695) 11-year-old
　　Long live the days of books in February, Xue Huaiyi killed.
　　April, big week 10 000 Chung Cheng Tak-day hub.
　　Long live the first year of Babel (696) 12-year-old
　　Long live the Dengfeng September, Tibet, and requested the states were so close to home Shandong Wu soldiers riding group
　　Department of prisoners and Shishu make the world who brave slaves, the official compensation of its value, made to attack the Khitan.
　　October, fell to Jizhou Khitan
　　Magic the first year (697) 13-year-old
　　April, cast Jiuding, share its copper 560 000 zero hundred pounds.
　　San calendar year (698) 14-year-old
　　March, the state called Luling Wang Zhe at room
　　San calendar years (699 years) 15 years old
　　In July, Prince Li Xian Empress Wu that, with Wang Li Dan and Liang Wangwu think twice, and so King of Wu You only swear at Joss House
　　Long as the first year (700 years) 16 years old
　　Run in July, Tang Jing break off Tibet.
　　October, crane control of lead supervisor Zhang Yi Song Bart palace paternity rich feast with Bo.
　　Dazu first year (701) 17-year-old
　　Chang first year
　　October, Empress Wu also Chang, Chi house in Xingqing Square, also lived with five brothers, known as the five wangzhai
　　Chang years (702) 18-year-old
　　The first month, preliminary design Martial
　　In December, the North Pavilion is home nursing state government in court
　　Chang'an three years (703) 19-year-old
　　April, Tibet sent envoys offering horse 1000, gold 2200 marriage proposal
　　Chang four years (704 years) two-year-old
　　History contains Longji "Miriam Fan Weili, a very table." Calendar Umori Lang Jiang Feng Yu Shang chariot.
　　Shenlong first year (705) 21-year-old
　　First month, the Empress Wu ill, the Cambodian prime minister Zhang, Cui Xuan Wei and Shang Taiwan You Cheng Jing Hui, Huan Yan Fan Shaoqing Criminal Division, with Yuan Shu had other Sima palace owned by Prince Li Xian as Emperor of
　　YAO out for the provincial governor Bozhou.
　　In May, the Cambodia Zhang Feng Cui Xuan-wei Huan Yan Fan, Jing-Hui, Yuan Shu had been king, stop all known political affairs, North Korea normalization Wu, Wei.
　　June, Henan, Hebei, 18 state flood.
　　November, 82 years, Empress Wu collapse. 6.15 million households this year, 37.14 million total population.
　　Dragon years (706) 20 year-old
　　Run the first month, peace, happiness and so the princess, and open government home Guan Zhu. Jing Hui, Huan Yan Fan, Yuan Shu has been out for the slippery, Luo, Yu-three prefectural governor.
　　March, it Zuoqian King Fai, Choi Hyun-wei Yan Huan Fan, Yuan Shu had as Long, are, Bo, Yingzhoucishi.
　　Members of a large home where two thousand people outside the government. More than 700 officers by the steers over.
　　April Huangmenshilang degrade the calibration Pui Jing Song prefectural governor.
　　December, Turk Ru Kou Ling, the original will be tens of thousands of state plunder wrangler.
　　In July, King Hui, long stream of Lingnan, rotating system of murder by Wu Sansi Qianren correction.
　　King Dragon three years (710) 20-year-old
　　September, Pacific Princess, An Legong main cliques each tree, in the case of patients.
　　Winter this year, in the southern suburbs Zongsi, Takamoto from Luzhou into Beijing to attend the ceremony. Libi, complex home Chang'an. More so when the royal family, Takamoto Changyinsha people in to help lead material.
　　King Wan first year (710) 20-year-old
　　The first month, went to Tibet married Princess Jincheng.
　　Jun, Wei An Legong after the main poison in the case, Wei said after the Powerbut system, reign title Donlon. Li Chung-mao emperor, in 16 to Dukes wetwun keep the total raised within and outside the soldiers and horses to know something. Wei intended to usurp the throne after time. Avoid phase of deep and Princess Taiping Wang Tan. An Legong closely with owners, Wei Wen and private party were Chuke, Wu Yanxiu addition of such plan. Linzi Longji Wang Princess is a child with the Pacific Princess, and Jane Wei Wei Chong Xue Qing, Fan Zhong Shao, director of Beijing, the former chaoyi Wei Liu quiet demand, the government conciliation, Lee Yan Ma Wei Si purging of the party were so plotted. Wan Qi Guoyi Ge Fushun, Chenxuan Li, Li Xian rabbit h ave participation in a conspiracy.
　　Boxer night, Lungi 700 after killing Wei, An Legong main, were Chu Ke, Wei Wen and so on.
　　July to Los Zhouchang Shi Song too calibration Ministry of Personnel in the books with the Book of subglottic Mishina.
　　In August, thousands of people in official strike oblique.
　　From the beginning of this year. Gradually set up around the Salt Pond on, grain transportation, rent-yung, accounts and other Ambassadors.
　　October. Pacific Princess Prince Hidetake bogey. For a long time has been fixed right, emblem fabric rumors, said: "Prince of non-long, improper legislation." Prince has sent reconnaissance activities, micromanager Yejong tip.
　　King Wan years (711) 20-year-old
　　The first month. Taipu Qing Yuan Zhen Ren Na, the assistant minister Zhang said the book well with the level. Things. Because the main frame-up of public peace, Prince, Song Jing and Yao Yuan's proposal to move out of the East Pacific Princess all. Zhang said China proposed that Crown Prince to Du rumors. In February, so Princess Taiping Xiju puzhou. Prince supervise the country. Re inclined enclosure. Wan Qi and about Habayashi around the North gate Forces, so Ge Fushun command. April system, "where Prince Double Shijie take action." Jiedushi established early in the Hexi Corridor. May, please call Pacific Princess, Prince returned to Beijing, Yejong quasi-playing. June, 10 provincial judge setting.
　　In November. The people have 20-year-old when Fu Bing, 50-year-old free.
　　Tai Chi Dynasty (712) 20-year-old
　　Extension and the first year of the first month, reign title Tai Chi
　　Congenital first year in May, without delay and change
　　In June. You state blame Sun Quan Xi big attack the Khitan. Tang Jun capsize.
　　July, system Mass at Prince Edward Li Longji.
　　August, Prince Takamoto emperor, or Emperor. Yejong respect to the overlord. Mishina addition to the above grant and Oibara government officials still depend on the Uehata. Reign title birth. Li Fei Wang empress. Zhang Wei Liu quiet seek and seek to Habayashi soldiers except Princess Taiping, secret words in the reign, reign agree. Zhang Wei was later leaked the plan to Shi Yu Shi Deng Guangbin, reign big club. A few days later. Department quiet seek Liu, Zhang wei Dengguang Bin exile. Kaiyuan reign (713) 20-year-old
　　The first month, Fu Bing-five points to 20 soldiers, five-year-old free. In February. Enlightening the capital open the gates, day and night. Where more than a month. Zuo Shiyi Yantingzhijian. Nai Zhi. Yan Ting of the righteous person stabbed to declare Baiguan, Houshang of. In June, when the Pacific Princess trend without authorization by Uehata Allusions. Prime Minister seven. Four of its doors. Wen Wu Dachen half attached. Wang Kui, Zhang, Cui daily rate, etc. In addition to promoting the reign.
　　July, Wei known ancient informants Princess Taiping rebellion fourth day will be in June. The day before. Xuanzong and Xue Wang industry, differences Wang Fan, Prime Minister Guoyuan Zhen, Long Wu, General Wang Mao Chung, house supervisor Jiang Jiao, yet by Feng Yu Shou-1, within a matter Gao Lishi, Guoyi Li Shoude so his troops, killed Xiao Zhizhong, Cen Xi, Dou Huaizhen suicide. On the 4th, overlord Hao: "Since this militarism in government and an emperor were punished." Taiping Princess Prince in the home. Early on the 9th, reward meritorious Guo Yuanzhen so. By Gao Lishi know chamberlain save trouble for the right doors of the prison general. Thereafter the Eunuch forces increased significantly. On the 15th to the Zhongshu Ling Zuo Cheng Zhang said.
　　October, reign in Lishan parade. Israel does not allow the entire depreciation Bingbushangshu Guo Yuanzhen crime. Yao Yuan with the prefectural governor to the same in the books for the Bingbushangshu subglottic Mishina, YAO recommended 10 things. Kaiyuan reform as a political platform. In December. Kaiyuan reform. Shang Pu She was about to change the left and right prime minister. Central Secretariat to Ziwei province. Ha province to province yellow door. Sijung to prison. To YAO Ying emblem for the Order. Element of the first year to avoid. Complex name Chong. Zhang said that the text links for Prince. Derogatory with prefectural governor. Right Right BU shot, with the book Ha Mishina. Liuyouqiubian Taizaishaobao.
　　Kaiyuan years (714 years) three-year-old
　　The first month, in a long time off early. More hungry people lack, sent envoys to relief.沙汰 Buddhist monks and nuns two thousand people.
　　March, Shu and Wei destroyed days after the day Street Shitai built.
　　May, members of foreign officials try Xiba officer, official calibration.
　　In June. To brother Song Wangcheng devices, sub-brother Shenwang Cheng Li, Wang Shouli as secluded from the brother outside the prefectural governor.
　　July, promoting and frugal. Intrauterine destruction of gold and silver under the system of play, bead-Fairview. The following services do not have to make Empress Fairview bead. Ban cast Buddha, written by. Building Imperial palace. Qi Wang Fan, Xue Jing Wang industry of any provincial governor.
　　August, who returned home selection Temple useless. Time attack Pro Tibet jump from side committed year after year.
　　In September, so that the states often open repair method.
　　In December. Li Ying Wang Si Qian second son (later changed to the book-young) as Prince. Ren Zhou Xuanqing this year, the Maritime Trade to Kofi Annan (the Customs). China Customs began. Home Longyou Key Periods ambassador, but also home Youzhou Key Periods investment strategy, guarding Ambassador.
　　Inception three years (715) 31-year-old
　　The first month. Mu-Song Jing banished royal doctor prefectural governor.
　　In February. Sudden drop those two named Ao 10 thousand accounts.
　　May, Shandong large locusts. Answer to not kill, Yao Tsung Censor Governor counties playing catch and removal of buried.
　　September, horse Huai Su, Chu immeasurable to Shi Du.
　　November, Zhang Xiaoqian the Western Regions, eight countries, including major food Qing Jiang. Cuizai Song and other violence, spin defeat.
　　Inception four years (716) 30-year-old
　　The first month, Sun Xin Wang Empress Mei Zhang, to private anger assault royal doctor Li Jie, reign decree killed in Chodo stick to Xiebai Guan. Key Periods and other kings led away to begin.
　　May. Shandong large locust was underway. Yao Chong killing of another life.
　　Xuanzong Tingshi magistrate. Back 45 people.
　　In June. Yejong collapse, the annual 50-year-old. Rejected, with the Luo, Fen, Stubbs is also solid, solid 5 servants to drop.
　　November, Yao Chong Jian Guangzhou have copies of his resignation from the generation of Jing Song.
　　December, Song Jing Appointed official. A month. Stop 10 provincial judge.
　　Kaiyuan five years (717) 30-year-old
　　March, the recovery of business state and other 12 states, states were doing reconstruction government in liucheng.
　　September, Tong, Ha Province and sijung are to restore the old name. When recovery Zhenguan Expostulation, the historians to participate in the proposed rate of meeting the prime minister.
　　November Chao's visit to his testament, Supervisor Ma Huai petitioned the Secretary of editing the book group. Japan this year into the Tang Kibi Mabi. After returning to imitate Chinese characters for Japanese kana (Japanese characters).
　　Inception six years (718) 30-year-old
　　The first month, disable the evil of money, capital, riot, never owned a few easily.
　　In August, before taxes to increase government pensions.
　　Fu Bing six year rule is a simple point.
　　Kaiyuan seven (719) 30-year-old
　　March, Rong Wang Taizuo Bohai Prefecture, Death, son of great martial arts attack position. Is on. Twice Jiedushi home, leading benefits, Peng and other 25 states.
　　Kaiyuan eight (720)-old
　　The first month, Song Jing, Su Ting Ba Xiang, Yao-to source for the Huangmenshilang dry. Zhang Jiazhen as assistant minister in the book, with Pingzhang Shi.
　　In February, was to include families fled. Pieces of heavy military service to the government. 60 is a free, appropriate limits to the burden of year-end so people took turns.
　　May also buy 10 provincial judge. Yao is sijung to source dry. Zhang Jiazhen to Zhongshu Ling.