| 字： | 叔达 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 网笔号： | 武皇帝 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 庙号： | 高祖 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 陵墓： | 修陵 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
阅读萧衍 Xiao Yan在诗海的作品!!! | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
萧衍
萧衍
萧衍年轻的梁武帝是一个文武全才，多才多艺而学识广博。他的政治、军事才能，在南朝诸帝中可以说是堪称翘楚，不在另三位开国皇帝之下[来源请求]。在南齐武帝永明年间，他经常在当时的文化中心、竟陵王萧子良的西邸出入，与沈约等人合称“竟陵八友”，在这期间，他发表了很多诗作。他在学术研究和文学创作上的成就，则更为突出。史书称他：“六艺备闲，棋登逸品，阴阳纬候，卜筮占决，并悉称善。……草隶尺牍，骑射弓马，莫不奇妙。” 他很好学，从小就受到正统的儒家教育，“少时习周孔，弱冠穷六经”，即位之后，“虽万机多务，犹卷不辍手，燃烛侧光，常至午夜”。这种刻苦学习的精神，为他的学术研究打下了坚实的基础。
建国
梁武帝-萧衍
南齐末年，由于东昏侯暴虐无道，各地皆起兵造反，不过都被平息，当中最为得力的是萧衍的兄长、时任雍州（今湖北省襄阳）刺史的萧懿。可是，后来连萧懿亦被东昏侯毒杀。之后，萧衍承继兄长接任雍州刺史。非常喜好乐府诗的萧衍一方面派人搜集当地的民歌，并恢复了自魏晋以来就已停止的民歌搜集工作。
另一方面，萧衍亦寻找机会举兵推翻东昏侯。中兴元年（501年），萧衍领兵攻郢城，围攻两百余日，城破，“积尸床下而寝其上，比屋皆满。”不久，萧衍发兵进攻首都建康，改立南康王萧宝融于江陵称帝，是为齐和帝；而东昏侯就在政变中被将军王珍国所杀。之后萧衍受齐和帝禅让，于天监元年（502年）登基。
登基之后，萧衍对乐府诗的兴趣也仍然不减当年，仍有参与乐府诗的创作及编修。与此同时，昔日的好友沈约、范云等世族出身的名门后人亦在梁朝当上宰相。期间，政府推动各种改革，把南齐时的种种问题改正。
在梁武帝的影响和提倡下，梁朝文化的发展达到了东晋以来最繁荣的阶段。《南史》作者李延寿评价说：“自江左以来，年逾二百，文物之盛，独美于兹。”这句话颇能反映当时的实际。
出家
520年，梁武帝改元普通，这一年被历史学家视为南朝梁发展的分水岭。在这年开始，梁武帝开始笃信佛法，多次舍身出家，普通八年（527年）三月八日，第一次前往同泰寺舍身出家，三日后返回，大赦天下，改年号大通；大通三年（529年）九月十五日，第二次至同泰寺举行“四部无遮大会”，脱下帝袍，换上僧衣，舍身出家，九月十六日讲解《涅槃经》，二十五日由群臣捐钱一亿，向“三宝”祷告，请求赎回“皇帝菩萨”，二十七日萧衍还俗；大同十二年（546年）四月十日，萧衍第三次出家，这次群臣用两亿钱将其赎回；太清元年（547年），三月三日萧衍又第四次出家，在同泰寺住了三十七天，四月十日朝廷出资一亿钱赎回。
侯景之乱
晚年的梁武帝
侯景原为东魏的将领，由于他与东魏丞相高澄的矛盾，于太清元年（547年）正月据河南十三州叛归西魏，但西魏宇文泰对其不信任。迫于无奈，侯景致函萧衍，许愿献出河南十三州来投奔南朝梁。萧衍接纳了侯景，并任命他为大将军，封河南王。不久，东魏攻击侯景，萧衍派萧渊明支援，结果战败，萧渊明被俘。高澄假意提出和解，其目的是刺激侯景。而萧衍不听臣下劝告，与东魏使者往来，侯景感到恐慌。
此时，侯景假托东魏名义写信给萧衍，提出用萧渊明交换侯景，萧衍居然表示接受。侯景十分气愤，遂起兵叛变。他在公元549年三月围攻建康。城中久被围困，粮食断绝，饥病困扰，人多浮肿气急，横尸满路，能登城抗击者不到四千人。南梁诸王手握重兵，却彼此猜忌，按兵不动。十二日，侯景攻入建康，纵兵洗劫，灭尽萧家宗室、世族王谢，是为侯景之乱。
城陷之后，侯景的卫兵进出皇宫很随便，还佩带武器。萧衍见了很奇怪，问左右侍从，侍从说是侯丞相的卫兵。萧衍生气地喝道："甚么丞相！不就是侯景吗！"侯景听说了，非常生气，于是派人监视萧衍，萧衍的饮食也被侯景裁减。萧衍口苦干渴，索蜂蜜水，未得实现，忧愤成疾。
五月，萧衍被活活饿死在台城，死时86岁，葬于修陵（今江苏丹阳市陵口）。谥号武帝，庙号高祖。
其他
钱穆于《国史大纲》云：“独有一萧衍老翁，俭过汉文（汉文帝），勤如王莽，可谓南朝一令主。”王夫之于《读通鉴论》亦云：“梁氏享国五十年，天下且小康焉。”梁武帝不仅是一位帝王，也是一个学者。在经学方面，他曾撰有《周易讲疏》、《春秋答问》、《孔子正言》等二百余卷。天监十一年（512年），又制成吉、凶、军、宾、嘉五礼，共一千余卷，八千零十九条，颁布施行；在史学方面，他不满《汉书》等断代史的写法，因而主持编撰了六百卷的《通史》，并“躬制赞序”。命殷芸将无法入史的剩余材料（主要是异闻杂谈），编入小说。可惜这些著作几乎都没有流传下来。梁武帝也非常喜欢诗赋创作，现存古诗、乐府诗等诗歌有80多首。
宗教方面，梁武帝对于佛教在中国的推广和转变起了重要作用，今日汉传佛教的素食主义即为其首为滥觞。他著有《涅萃》、《大品》、《净名》、《三慧》等数百卷佛学著作。对道教学说，他也颇有研究。在此基础上，他把儒家的“礼法”、道家的“无”和佛教“因果报应”揉合在一起，创立了“三教同源说”，在中国古代思想史上占有极其重要的地位。
子
长子 萧统：早亡，未继位。谥“昭明”，世称昭明太子。字德施，小字维摩。
第二子 萧综：豫章王。字世谦。 后自认南齐东昏侯萧宝卷遗腹子，投降北魏，改名萧赞。
第三子 萧纲：晋安王。字世缵。后为简文帝。
第四子 萧绩：南康简王。
第五子 萧续：卢陵威王。字世䜣。
第六子 萧纶：邵陵携王（西梁谥忠壮王）。字世调。
第七子 萧绎：湘东王。字世诚。后为元帝。
第八子 萧纪：武陵王。后为仁帝。
女
永兴公主，萧玉姚
永世公主，萧玉婉
永康公主，萧玉嬛
安吉公主，萧玉志
梁武帝是一个多才多艺学识广博的学者。他的政治、军事才能，在南朝诸帝中可以说是堪称翘楚，不在另三位开国皇帝之下。他在学术研究和文学创作上的成就，则更为突出。史书称他：“六艺备闲，棋登逸品，阴阳纬候，卜筮占决，并悉称善。……草隶尺牍，骑射弓马，莫不奇妙。” 他很好学，从小就受到正统的儒家教育，“少时习周孔，弱冠穷六经”，即位之后，“虽万机多务，犹卷不辍手，燃烛侧光，常至午夜”。这种刻苦学习的精神，为他的学术研究打下了坚实的基础。
在学术上，梁武帝以经学、史学的研究为卓著。在经学方面，他曾撰有《周易讲疏》、《春秋答问》、《孔子正言》等二百余卷，可惜大都没有流传下来。天监十一年（512年），又制成吉、凶、军、宾、嘉五礼，共一千余卷，八千零十九条，颁布施行；在史学方面，他不满《汉书》等断代史的写法，认为那是割断了历史，因而主持编撰了六百卷的《通史》，并“躬制赞序”。他对此书颇为自负，曾对臣下说：“我造《通史》，此书若成，众史可废。”可惜，此书到宋朝时即已失传，这实在是一件很遗憾的事情。
他又倾注大量精力研究佛学，著有《涅萃》、《大品》、《净名》、《三慧》等数百卷佛学著作。对道教学说，他也颇有研究。在此基础上，他把儒家的“礼”、道家的“无”和佛教的“因果报应”揉合在一起，创立了“三教同源说”，在中国古代思想史上占有极其重要的地位。
梁武帝的诗赋文才，也有过人之处。齐武帝永明年间（484——493年），诗坛创作风气大盛，很多文人学士都聚集在竟陵王萧子良的周围，各逞其能，施展他们的诗歌创作才华。在这些文人学士中，比较著名的有八位，如谢眺、沈约、任眆、范云等人，时人称之为“竟陵八友”。萧衍也是“竟陵八友”中的一位。他的很多诗歌都是在这一时期写的。建梁称帝后，他素性不减，经常招聚文人学士，以赋诗为乐。他的文学创作，推动了梁代文学风气的兴盛。
梁武帝现存诗歌有80多首，按其内容、题材可大致分为四类：言情诗、谈禅悟道诗、宴游赠答诗、咏物诗。)梁武帝的言情诗集中在新乐府辞中，又称拟乐府诗，数量几乎占了其全部诗作的一半。乐府是古代专门掌管音乐的官署。据学者研究，至迟在周代便设有乐官，称为大司乐，以乐府为音乐官署的名称，则始于秦。到了汉代，汉惠帝时有乐府令一职。汉武帝时，乐府的性质和规模与以前有很大不同。那时，乐府除制作乐章、训练乐工之外，还广泛采集民间歌谣配乐演唱。凡由乐府机构制作和采集的歌辞，以及文人以乐府题写作的诗，后世皆称为“乐府诗”或“乐府”。其中，民歌是乐府诗中最有生气的部分。I
魏晋时，乐府停止了采集民歌的工作，当时的乐府诗也出现了日趋雅化的倾向。到了南朝，江南新异风格的民歌再次受到了上层社会的重视，通过乐府机构的采集、演唱，对文人的诗歌创作产生了很大影响。由于江南民歌言情的题材、内容，及其纤弱绮丽的风格特点，适应了当时统治阶级对声色的爱好，因而被广泛模拟创作。
萧衍任雍州刺史驻居襄阳时，就非常喜好当地的民歌，他的许多拟乐府诗，如《芳树》、《有所思》、《临高台》等，便是在此时创作出来的。即使在称帝以后，萧衍对乐府诗的兴趣也仍然不减当年。在天监十一年（512年），他亲自动手改西曲（南朝乐府民歌分为吴歌和西曲两大部分。前者产生于建康周围，此地相袭称为吴地，故其民间歌曲称为吴歌；后者产生于江、汉流域的荆、郢、樊、邓几个主要地区，是南朝西部军事重镇和经济文化中心，故其民间歌曲称为西曲），制《江南上云乐》十四曲、《江南弄》七曲，可见其爱好沉迷的程度。
和乐府民歌一样，萧衍的乐府拟作也是情歌，主要以女性为咏唱对象。他的大多数诗作都是描摹女子对爱情的殷盼，为离别相思所苦的情态，感情缠绵，风格绮丽，语言平易，具有浓郁的江南民歌风味。如“一年漏将尽，万里人未归。君志固有在，妾驱乃无依。”（《子夜四时歌。冬歌》）；“草树非一香，花叶百种色。寄语故情人，知我心相忆。”（《襄阳蹋铜蹄歌》）等。郑振铎先生认为，“萧衍新乐府辞最为娇艳可爱”。此话确有一定的道理。
2 梁武帝
值得特别注意的是梁武帝的七言诗。梁武帝有十余首乐府诗是用七言歌行的体裁写的，如《河中之水歌》、《江南弄》、《东飞伯劳歌》等。其中以《东飞伯劳歌》最为著名：
东飞伯劳西飞燕，
黄姑织女时相见。
谁家女儿对门居，
开颜法艳照里闾。
南窗北牗挂明光，
罗帷绮帐脂粉香。
女儿年几十五六，
窈窕无双颜如玉。
三春已暮花从风，
空留可怜与谁同。
七言体诗歌的创作始于魏文帝曹丕，他的《燕歌行》是现存最古老、最完整的七言诗。此后，宋、齐时鲍照、汤惠林、释宝月等人也间有此类作品问世，但影响不大。到了梁武帝，七言诗才有了进一步的发展。曹丕的《燕歌行》虽然是开山之作，但全诗逐句押韵，未免显得单调，缺乏婉转咏叹的情趣。梁武帝的七言体诗 平、仄韵互换，抑扬起伏，颇具独创性。其后，仿效者四起，其子萧纲（梁简文帝）、萧绎（梁元帝），大臣沈约、吴均等，都有七言诗的创作。到陈朝时，七言诗的句式、结构更趋完美，韵律也更加和谐多姿。后来，唐朝的李白、杜甫、高适等人创造性地运用这一诗体写出了许多气势磅礴的诗篇，七言体诗更为发展。梁武帝等人的开拓之功是不容抹煞的。
梁武帝的谈禅悟道诗的数量仅次于其乐府诗。他早年信道，晚年佞佛，他所撰写的谈禅悟道诗是其信道佞佛的自我写照。这些诗，如同宗教哲学箴言，十分乏味，没有什么艺术可言。
梁武帝的第三类诗是宴游赠答诗，内容较前两类诗复杂。这里有表现宗教哲理、宣扬佛教思想、规劝臣下信奉佛教之作，如《游钟山大爱敬寺》、《觉新意赠江革》等；有巡幸记游、描绘景物之作，如《首夏泛天池诗》、《登北顾楼》、《天安寺疏圃堂》等；有送别诗，如《答任殿中宗记室王中书别诗》等。这类诗不乏上乘之作，如“舟楫互客与，藻苹相推移。碧池红菡萏，白沙青涟漪；新波拂旧石，残花落故枝；叶软风易出，草密路难披。薄游朱明节，泛漾天渊池。”（《首夏泛天池诗》）该诗画面景物鲜明，色彩绚丽多彩，读来颇有韵味。再如：“兰华时未晏，举袂徒离忧，……誊言无歇绪，深情附还流。”（《答任殿中宗记室王中书别诗》）写友人将别时深沉真挚的眷恋之情，也是赠别诗中较好的作品。
梁武帝的第四类诗是咏物诗，如《咏舞诗》、《咏烛诗》、《咏笔诗》等。这类诗虽穷力追新，但内容浅薄，可足称道者甚少。
历代文史学家，对齐梁诗总的评价不高，大都以为其“嘲风月，弄花草”，“风云气少，儿女情多”（白居易语），这是很有见地的。齐梁诗人缺乏匡世救时的崇高理想，也缺乏严肃认真的社会责任心，因此反映社会现实及言志述怀之作便不多见，充斥当时文坛的是大量的山水、咏物、艳情之诗。梁武帝的诗歌从题材、内容、风格诸方面来说，都无一例外地体现了齐梁诗歌的特点。这当然与他即位前漫长优裕的贵族生活环境不无关系。他虽然是一个开国创业之君，但即位前已官居高位，养尊处优，并未受过太多的打击；其灭齐建梁，也只经历过一年多的时间，而且非常顺利。所以，梁武帝的诗歌中多“儿女情语”、“神仙道气”, 少“风云之气”，少言志述怀、积极进取之作，也就不奇怪了。
除了学术研究和文学创作外，梁武帝对音乐也颇有研究，他创制了许多新歌。《隋书。音乐志》上说：梁武帝“既善钟律，详悉旧事，遂自制定礼乐”。如“鼓吹，宋、齐并用汉曲，又充廷用十六曲”，梁武帝“乃去四曲，留其十二，合四时也。更创新歌，以述功德”。梁武帝创制了不少颂扬佛教的歌曲，如“制《善哉》、《大乐》、《大欢》、《大道》、《仙道》、《神王》、《龙王》、《灭过恶》、《除爱水》、《断苦砖》等十篇，名为正乐，皆述佛法”。他是很知道用音乐为政治服务的人。他素善钟律，曾创制准音器四具，名曰“通”。每通三弦，以推月气。又制十二笛和十二律相应。每律各配编钟、编磬，丰富了我国传统器乐的表现能力。他很喜欢绘画，尤善画花鸟与走兽。大画家张僧繇善于写貌，颇受梁武帝赏识。当时，梁武帝诸子多出镇外州，梁武帝常常想念他们，便命张僧繇前往各州郡去画诸子之像，悬于居室之中，梁武帝见图如见其子，思念顿减。梁武帝信佛，在位时建造了很多佛院寺塔，也都命张僧繇作画。
梁武帝对围棋特别喜爱，棋艺也很高超。在齐朝为官时，每逢闲暇，常彻夜不眠，与人弈棋。称帝之后，兴趣不减。大臣朱异、韦黯、到溉，名将陈庆之等都是他的棋友。每到兴致高时，便不复君臣之别。一次，梁武帝又约到溉玩了一个通宵。到溉不能熬夜，一局未终，竟低头睡着了。梁武帝见状大笑，就做诗嘲讽他：“状若丧家狗，又似悬风槌。”到溉被唤醒，颇为尴尬，及听到梁武帝的诗句，又放声大笑。君臣尽欢而散。
梁武帝对围棋如醉如痴，也有因此误事的时候。他晚年佞佛，有一个名叫磕（应为“木盍，此字打不出来）头师的和尚，颇为他敬重。一天，梁武帝下敕召磕头师入宫研讨佛法，当磕头师入宫的时候，梁武帝正在和人下棋，要杀死对方的棋子，便随口说道：”杀掉！“左右侍从将此话理解错了，以为梁武帝要杀掉磕头师，便不由分说，将磕头师推出斩首。下完棋，梁武帝下令召见磕头师，左右侍从回答说：“已奉旨将此人杀掉了。”梁武帝听罢，后悔不迭。
由于梁武帝雅好诗文，大臣们纷纷效仿，甚至连赳赳武夫也能偶尔吟出几句好诗来。天监六年（507年），梁将曹景宗和韦睿在徐州大败魏军。班师回朝后，梁武帝在华光殿举行宴会，为他们庆功。在宴饮中，君臣连句赋诗。鉴于曹景宗不善诗文，怕他赋不出诗来难堪，负责安排诗韵的尚书左仆射沈约便没有分给他诗韵。曹景宗深感不平，坚决要求步韵赋诗。梁武帝对曹景宗这种不甘人后的性格早有了解，于是安慰他说：“将军是一位出众的人才，何必在乎作一首诗呢！”当时曹景宗已经有一些醉意，就乘酒兴再三固请。梁武帝不愿再扫他的兴，便命沈约分给他诗韵。这时诗韵差不多已经分完，只剩下“竞”、“病”二字。在这种局限之下要按韵赋诗是很困难的。可是曹景宗只是稍微想了一会儿，便提笔赋出一首诗：
去时女儿悲，
归来笳鼓竞。
借问行路人，
何如霍去病。
诗写得自然流畅，而且非常切合眼前凯旋庆功的实际。此诗一出，语惊四座，文人们自叹弗如，连梁武帝也感叹不已，特命史官记入国史。
在梁武帝的影响和提倡下，梁朝文化事业的发展达到了东晋以来最繁荣的阶段。《南史》作者李延寿评价说：“自江左以来，年逾二百，文物之盛，独美于兹。”这句话颇能反映当时的实际。
Jianguo
Emperor - Xiao Yan
Southern Qi Dynasty, Dong Hun Hou as violence, and all around the Rebellion, but were down, which is the most effective yan brother, when he was Yongzhou (now Hubei Province, Yangyang) provincial governor Xiao Yi. However, the later Dong Hun Hou Hsiao Yi was also poisoned. After Xiaoyan Cheng Yong prefectural governor, following his brother took over. Yan verse poetry is like one sent to collect local folk songs, and the restoration of the Wei, Jin has been stopped since the folk music collection.
On the other hand, Ju-Bing Xiao Yan is also looking for opportunities to overturn Dong Hun Hou. ZTE first year (501 years), Xiao Yan Ying led troops attacked the city, two hundred day siege, the city broke, "product corpse under the bed and sleep on it, than the houses are full." Soon, Xiao Yan Fabing attack the capital of our health, to change legislation Nam Wang Xiao Bao Rong in Gangneung emperor, is homogeneous and Dili; and Dong Hun Hou in the coup, General Wang Zhen was killed in the country. Abdication by Qi Xiao Yan after Dili, in the first year of monitoring days (502 years) ascended the throne.
After ascending the throne, Xiao Yan interest on Yuefu still a century ago, still involved in the creation and editing poetry verse. At the same time, old friends Yue, Fan-yun, the name of the door descendants aristocratic family background also Liang became prime minister. During the Government to promote a variety of reforms, when the Southern Qi correct the problems.
In the Emperor's influence and advocacy, Liang Zhaowen of development reached the most prosperous period since the Eastern Jin Dynasty. "History of Southern Dynasties" by Li Yanshou commented: "Since Esa has over 200, Heritage Sheng, alone in the United States hereby." This statement pretty well reflect the current reality.
Monk
Rebellion of Hou Jing
Emperor in his later years
Hou Jing of the original for the Eastern Wei generals, because of his conflict with the Eastern Wei Chengxiang Takasumi in Taiqing first year (547 years) the first month, according to Henan 13 rebels return state Western Wei, Western Wei Yuwen Tai, but they do not trust. Reluctantly, sent a letter to Xiao Yan Hou Jing, Henan 13 states wishing to defect to dedicate the Southern beam. Xiao Yan Hou Jing accepted, and appointed him as major general, Wang Feng of Henan. Soon, Eastern Wei attack Hou Jing, Xiao Yan Xiao Yuanming school support, the result was defeated, captured Hsiao Yuan-ming. Takasumi pretending proposed settlement, which aims to stimulate the Hou Jing. And Xiao Yan does not listen to the subjects as advice, and the Eastern Wei messenger contacts Hou Jing panic.
At this point, write the name of the Eastern Wei Hou Jing cite yan, proposed to exchange Hou Jing Xiao Yuan-ming, Xiao Yan actually accepted. Hou Jing very angry, then raise an army mutiny. March in the year 549 he laid siege to our health. Long-besieged city, cut off food, famine plagued a large swelling shortness of breath, lying dead over the road to board the city against those who were less than 4000. Southern Liang kings hand heavily, but distrust each other, not do anything. On the 12th, Hou Jing scored Jiankang, Connivance of His Army looted, perished Xiao Jiazong room, Aristocracy Wang Xie, rebellion for Hou Jing.
City settlement, the Hou Jing's guards and out of the palace is very casual, but also carry weapons. Xiao Yan met with very strange and asked about attendants, attendants said Hou Chengxiang guards. Xiaoyan Sheng gas to shouted: "What the prime minister! Not that Hou Jing you!" Hou Jing heard, very angry, was sent to monitor yan, yan Hou Jing diet has also been reduced. Xiao Yan bitter mouth thirst, cable honey water, yet to be realized, Anger into illness.
May, Xiao Yan die of hunger in Taiwan City, died at the age of 86, buried repair Ling (now Jiangsu Danyang lingkou). Posthumous title of Emperor, Temple name emperor.
Other
Religion, the Emperor for the promotion of Buddhism in China and played an important role in changing today, vegetarian Chinese Buddhism that was beginning of his first. He is the "Line Extraction", "big items", "net name" and "three wisdom" and hundreds of rolls of Buddhist writings. Teaching on the Road said he has studied. On this basis, he Confucian "rites", the Taoist "no" and Buddhism "karma" blend together, creating the "three religions homologous to say", the history of thought in ancient China occupies an important position.
Son
Son Xiao Tong: premature death, not to the throne. Posthumous title, "Zhao Ming," the Prince said the world. Desch words, small print Korimaro.
The second sub-Xiao Comprehensive: Yuzhang Wang. Word Shi Qian. After Qi Dong Hun Hou Hsiao consider themselves Southern Baojuan posthumous child, surrendered to the Northern Wei Dynasty, renamed Hsiao praise.
The third son of Xiao Gang: Jinan King. Word World Zuan. After Emperor Jianwen.
Fourth son Xiao Ji: Nam Chien Wang.
The fifth son of Hsiao continued: King Wei Ling Lu. World 䜣 word.
Siu Lun sixth child: shaoling carrying Wang (West Liang Posthumous Zhong Zhuang Wang). Word Bank transfer.
Seventh son of Xiao Yi: Xiang Dongwang. Shi Cheng word. After Emperor Yuan.
Eighth son Xiao Ji: Wuling Wang. Jen after Emperor.
Female
Wing Hing princesses, Xiao Yu Yao
Forever princess, Xiaoyu Wan
Yongkang Princess, Xiao Huan Yu
Anji Princess, Yu-Chi Hsiao
Emperor Wu is a versatile knowledgeable scholar. His political and military order, in the Southern Dynasty emperors can be said to be called leaders, not under the other three founding emperor. His academic research and literature on the achievement, is more prominent. History books call him: "Six Arts leisure equipment, chess board Yiping, Yang Wei-designate, divination account summary, and noted that good. ... ... Subordinate chido grass, horse riding and shooting the bow, everyone wonders." He is very good school, who are orthodox Confucian education, "little time Xi Zhou hole, twenties poor Six", after ascending the throne, "while 10 000 aircraft and more services, volume stopped working hand still, burning candles side light, often until midnight." This spirit of hard study, for his academic research has laid a solid foundation.
He also devoted much energy of Buddhism, with the "Line Extraction", "big items", "net name" and "three wisdom" and hundreds of rolls of Buddhist writings. Teaching on the Road said he has studied. On this basis, he Confucian "propriety", the Taoist "no" and Buddhism's "karma" blend together, creating the "three religions homologous said," the history of thought in ancient China occupies an important position .
Emperor's Poetry literary talent, but also excels. Yong Qi Wudi next room (484 - 493), poetry, creative rage, many literati Jingling Wang Xiao Ziliang had gathered around, all succeed is able to display their creative talent of their poetry. In the literati, the more well-known eight, such as Xie Tiao, Shen, Ren Fang, Fan Yun and others, when people call it "Jingling eight friends." Xiao Yan is also the "Jingling eight friends" in one. Many of his poems were written during this period. Jian Liang emperor, he primality unabated, often literati gathered together to compose poetry to music. His literary creation, literary culture promoted the rise of the Liang.
Wei, the verse stopped collecting the work of folk songs, then verse poems, a growing tendency towards elegant. To Southern, Southern-style folk novel once again the importance attached by the upper class, collection agencies through the verse, singing, poetry of the scholars had a great impact. Southern folk romance as the subject matter, content, and its beautiful style of delicate features, adapted to the ruling class and sensual of love, which is widely simulation creation.
And folk songs, like Xiao Yan is also the love songs intended for verse, mainly women chanting object. Most of his poems are depicting the women of the ardent expectations of love, suffering for the parting Acacia modality, emotional touching, beautiful style, language, plain, with rich southern folk style. Such as "leakage will do a year, thousands of miles were not returned. Chun Chi inherent in, concubine drive is no one to depend." ("Midnight 4:00 song. Winter Song"); "Cao Shu non-A Hong, mosaic one hundred kinds of colors. Valentine's message to it, know my heart with memories. "(" copper shoe tread Xiangyang Song ") and so on. Mr. Zheng Zhenduo that "the most tender and beautiful Xinyuefu yan cute." This remark does have some truth.
2 Emperor
Of particular note is the Emperor of the Piece. Emperor Wu has more than ten first verse poem is written in the genre of BAO, such as "Song of the river water", "South Alley," "East Feibo Lao Song" and so on. Among them, the "East Feibo Lao Song" is the most well-known:
East Feibolaoxi swallows,
Nibea meet when Weaver.
Someone's daughter, home door,
Kai-Yan Law Yanzhao in Lu.
South Chuangbeiyougua Mingguang,
Hong Luo curtain chi cosmetics account.
In scores of 56 her daughter,
Fit unparalleled treasure to be found.
Spring has spent the three Twilight Wind,
Who remain poor and the same air.
Xiao Yan Tan Chan enlightenment volume of poetry after the verse poems. His early channel Ningfo later years, his poems written by Tan Chan enlightenment is its self-portrayal of the channel Ningfo. These poems, like the religious philosophy of Proverbs, very boring, nothing artistic at all.
The fourth class of poetry is Emperor Wu Poem, such as "Poem on Dancing," "Ode to candle poems", "Ode to document poems". Although the poor to emulate these new poems, but the content is shallow and can be commended for those few.
In addition to academic research and literature, the Emperor Wu of the music is also quite a study, he created a lot of new songs. "Book of Sui. Music Record ", said: Emperor," both good Bell, Long learned that the old things, Suizi develop Ritual. " Such as "advocacy, Song, Qi, and with Chinese music, then full-ting with 16" Emperor "is the last four, leaving the 12, combined four o'clock. More innovative songs, to the above merit." Emperor Wu created a lot of songs praising Buddhism, such as the "system" Good, good, "" Big Fun "," Great Joy "," Highway, "" Immortal, "" God King "," Dragon King "," too bad off "" In addition to love water, "" bitter break bricks "and 10, known as being happy, above all Buddhism." He is very aware of music as the politics of people. Su Shin Bell he had created tonometer 4, named "General." Sanxian per pass, to push on gas. Also the system 12 corresponding flutes and Temperament. The distribution of each law bells, chimes, enriched the performance of Chinese traditional instrumental ability. He is fond of painting, especially flowers, birds and beasts of good painting. Painter ZHANG, write good appearance, well received by Emperor Wu appreciated. At that time, Emperor Wu thinkers outside the town more states, Emperor often miss them, they ordered ZHANG, go to the gun to the various schools of painting, like, hangs in the room among the Emperor as reflected in sub-figure , miss by Dayton. Emperor believed in Buddhism, when the reign of the construction of many Buddhist Temple Court, also ordered ZHANG, painting.
Emperor Wu of the special favorite Go, chess is also high over. When the Qi Dynasty official, during leisure time, often overnight, and were chess. After the emperor, were not disclosed. Minister Zhu different, Wei dark, to irrigation, are all famous Chan of his fellow chess player. Every mood is high, the monarch and his subjects would no longer do. Once, Emperor Wu then about to play a night irrigation. To irrigation can not stay up late, not the end of a Board, actually bow to sleep. Emperor rushed laugh, mocking him on the Five Ridges: "Zhuangruo funeral dog, yet also seemed to hang the wind hammer." Wake up to the irrigation, rather embarrassed, and heard the Emperor of the verse, then laughed. Monarch and his subjects thoroughly enjoyed themselves and unfocused.
Emperor Wu of the Go enthralled, but also a time when so makes a botch. Ningfo his later years, there is a named knock (should be "wooden Japanese sample, this word does not come out to play) the first division of the monks, rather he was respected. One day, Xiao Yan Zhao bowed under the imperial palace discuss Buddhist teacher, when the kowtow Division palace when Emperor Wu is working with people playing chess, a pawn to kill each other, then exclaimed: "kill! "Attendants will remark about a wrong interpretation, that the Emperor bowed to kill teacher, then without any explanation, the division launched kowtow beheaded. Chess is finished, Emperor Wu ordered summoned kowtow division, so attendants replied:" has been ordered by the throne this person was killed. "Emperor Wu listening to regret not cope.
To grief when her daughter,
Return Jia drum competition.
Asked passers-by line,
Ru Huo.
Poems written in natural flow, and is very practical to meet the immediate triumphant celebration. Poem 1, Yujingsizuo, people of Iranian culture, such as, even Emperor Wu also sigh, Extraordinary historian credited to national history.
In the Emperor's influence and advocacy, Liang Zhaowen reach of the development of the most prosperous period since the Eastern Jin Dynasty. "History of Southern Dynasties" by Li Yanshou commented: "Since Esa has over 200, Heritage Sheng, alone in the United States hereby." This statement pretty well reflect the current reality.
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