| 字： | 叔達 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 網筆號： | 武皇帝 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 廟號： | 高祖 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 陵墓： | 修陵 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
閱讀蕭衍 Xiao Yan在诗海的作品!!! | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
萧衍
萧衍
萧衍年輕的梁武帝是一個文武全纔，多才多藝而學識廣博。他的政治、軍事才能，在南朝諸帝中可以說是堪稱翹楚，不在另三位開國皇帝之下[來源請求]。在南齊武帝永明年間，他經常在當時的文化中心、竟陵王蕭子良的西邸出入，與瀋約等人合稱“竟陵八友”，在這期間，他發表了很多詩作。他在學術研究和文學創作上的成就，則更為突出。史書稱他：“六藝備閑，棋登逸品，陰陽緯候，卜筮占决，並悉稱善。……草隸尺牘，騎射弓馬，莫不奇妙。” 他很好學，從小就受到正統的儒傢教育，“少時習周孔，弱冠窮六經”，即位之後，“雖萬機多務，猶捲不輟手，燃燭側光，常至午夜”。這種刻苦學習的精神，為他的學術研究打下了堅實的基礎。
建國
梁武帝-蕭衍
南齊末年，由於東昏侯暴虐無道，各地皆起兵造反，不過都被平息，當中最為得力的是蕭衍的兄長、時任雍州（今湖北省襄陽）刺史的蕭懿。可是，後來連蕭懿亦被東昏侯毒殺。之後，蕭衍承繼兄長接任雍州刺史。非常喜好樂府詩的蕭衍一方面派人搜集當地的民歌，並恢復了自魏晉以來就已停止的民歌搜集工作。
另一方面，蕭衍亦尋找機會舉兵推翻東昏侯。中興元年（501年），蕭衍領兵攻郢城，圍攻兩百餘日，城破，“積屍床下而寢其上，比屋皆滿。”不久，蕭衍發兵進攻首都建康，改立南康王蕭寶融於江陵稱帝，是為齊和帝；而東昏侯就在政變中被將軍王珍國所殺。之後蕭衍受齊和帝禪讓，於天監元年（502年）登基。
登基之後，蕭衍對樂府詩的興趣也仍然不減當年，仍有參與樂府詩的創作及編修。與此同時，昔日的好友瀋約、範雲等世族出身的名門後人亦在梁朝當上宰相。期間，政府推動各種改革，把南齊時的種種問題改正。
在梁武帝的影響和提倡下，梁朝文化的發展達到了東晉以來最繁榮的階段。《南史》作者李延壽評價說：“自江左以來，年逾二百，文物之盛，獨美於茲。”這句話頗能反映當時的實際。
出傢
520年，梁武帝改元普通，這一年被歷史學家視為南朝梁發展的分水嶺。在這年開始，梁武帝開始篤信佛法，多次捨身出傢，普通八年（527年）三月八日，第一次前往同泰寺捨身出傢，三日後返回，大赦天下，改年號大通；大通三年（529年）九月十五日，第二次至同泰寺舉行“四部無遮大會”，脫下帝袍，換上僧衣，捨身出傢，九月十六日講解《涅槃經》，二十五日由群臣捐錢一億，嚮“三寶”禱告，請求贖回“皇帝菩薩”，二十七日蕭衍還俗；大同十二年（546年）四月十日，蕭衍第三次出傢，這次群臣用兩億錢將其贖回；太清元年（547年），三月三日蕭衍又第四次出傢，在同泰寺住了三十七天，四月十日朝廷出資一億錢贖回。
侯景之亂
晚年的梁武帝
侯景原為東魏的將領，由於他與東魏丞相高澄的矛盾，於太清元年（547年）正月據河南十三州叛歸西魏，但西魏宇文泰對其不信任。迫於無奈，侯景緻函蕭衍，許願獻出河南十三州來投奔南朝梁。蕭衍接納了侯景，並任命他為大將軍，封河南王。不久，東魏攻擊侯景，蕭衍派蕭淵明支援，結果戰敗，蕭淵明被俘。高澄假意提出和解，其目的是刺激侯景。而蕭衍不聽臣下勸告，與東魏使者往來，侯景感到恐慌。
此時，侯景假托東魏名義寫信給蕭衍，提出用蕭淵明交換侯景，蕭衍居然表示接受。侯景十分氣憤，遂起兵叛變。他在公元549年三月圍攻建康。城中久被圍困，糧食斷絶，饑病睏擾，人多浮腫氣急，橫屍滿路，能登城抗擊者不到四千人。南梁諸王手握重兵，卻彼此猜忌，按兵不動。十二日，侯景攻入建康，縱兵洗劫，滅盡蕭傢宗室、世族王謝，是為侯景之亂。
城陷之後，侯景的衛兵進出皇宮很隨便，還佩帶武器。蕭衍見了很奇怪，問左右侍從，侍從說是侯丞相的衛兵。蕭衍生氣地喝道："甚麽丞相！不就是侯景嗎！"侯景聽說了，非常生氣，於是派人監視蕭衍，蕭衍的飲食也被侯景裁減。蕭衍口苦幹渴，索蜂蜜水，未得實現，憂憤成疾。
五月，蕭衍被活活餓死在臺城，死時86歲，葬於修陵（今江蘇丹陽市陵口）。謚號武帝，廟號高祖。
其他
錢穆於《國史大綱》雲：“獨有一蕭衍老翁，儉過漢文（漢文帝），勤如王莽，可謂南朝一令主。”王夫之於《讀通鑒論》亦云：“梁氏享國五十年，天下且小康焉。”梁武帝不僅是一位帝王，也是一個學者。在經學方面，他曾撰有《周易講疏》、《春秋答問》、《孔子正言》等二百餘捲。天監十一年（512年），又製成吉、兇、軍、賓、嘉五禮，共一千餘捲，八千零十九條，頒布施行；在史學方面，他不滿《漢書》等斷代史的寫法，因而主持編撰了六百捲的《通史》，並“躬製贊序”。命殷蕓將無法入史的剩餘材料（主要是異聞雜談），編入小說。可惜這些著作幾乎都沒有流傳下來。梁武帝也非常喜歡詩賦創作，現存古詩、樂府詩等詩歌有80多首。
宗教方面，梁武帝對於佛教在中國的推廣和轉變起了重要作用，今日漢傳佛教的素食主義即為其首為濫觴。他著有《涅萃》、《大品》、《淨名》、《三慧》等數百捲佛學著作。對道教學說，他也頗有研究。在此基礎上，他把儒傢的“禮法”、道傢的“無”和佛教“因果報應”揉合在一起，創立了“三教同源說”，在中國古代思想史上占有極其重要的地位。
子
長子 蕭統：早亡，未繼位。謚“昭明”，世稱昭明太子。字德施，小字維摩。
第二子 蕭綜：豫章王。字世謙。 後自認南齊東昏侯蕭寶捲遺腹子，投降北魏，改名蕭贊。
第三子 蕭綱：晉安王。字世纘。後為簡文帝。
第四子 蕭績：南康簡王。
第五子 蕭續：盧陵威王。字世訢。
第六子 蕭綸：邵陵攜王（西梁謚忠壯王）。字世調。
第七子 蕭繹：湘東王。字世誠。後為元帝。
第八子 蕭紀：武陵王。後為仁帝。
女
永興公主，蕭玉姚
永世公主，蕭玉婉
永康公主，蕭玉嬛
安吉公主，蕭玉志
梁武帝是一個多才多藝學識廣博的學者。他的政治、軍事才能，在南朝諸帝中可以說是堪稱翹楚，不在另三位開國皇帝之下。他在學術研究和文學創作上的成就，則更為突出。史書稱他：“六藝備閑，棋登逸品，陰陽緯候，卜筮占决，並悉稱善。……草隸尺牘，騎射弓馬，莫不奇妙。” 他很好學，從小就受到正統的儒傢教育，“少時習周孔，弱冠窮六經”，即位之後，“雖萬機多務，猶捲不輟手，燃燭側光，常至午夜”。這種刻苦學習的精神，為他的學術研究打下了堅實的基礎。
在學術上，梁武帝以經學、史學的研究為卓著。在經學方面，他曾撰有《周易講疏》、《春秋答問》、《孔子正言》等二百餘捲，可惜大都沒有流傳下來。天監十一年（512年），又製成吉、兇、軍、賓、嘉五禮，共一千餘捲，八千零十九條，頒布施行；在史學方面，他不滿《漢書》等斷代史的寫法，認為那是割斷了歷史，因而主持編撰了六百捲的《通史》，並“躬製贊序”。他對此書頗為自負，曾對臣下說：“我造《通史》，此書若成，衆史可廢。”可惜，此書到宋朝時即已失傳，這實在是一件很遺憾的事情。
他又傾註大量精力研究佛學，著有《涅萃》、《大品》、《淨名》、《三慧》等數百捲佛學著作。對道教學說，他也頗有研究。在此基礎上，他把儒傢的“禮”、道傢的“無”和佛教的“因果報應”揉合在一起，創立了“三教同源說”，在中國古代思想史上占有極其重要的地位。
梁武帝的詩賦文才，也有過人之處。齊武帝永明年間（484——493年），詩壇創作風氣大盛，很多文人學士都聚集在竟陵王蕭子良的周圍，各逞其能，施展他們的詩歌創作才華。在這些文人學士中，比較著名的有八位，如謝眺、瀋約、任眆、範雲等人，時人稱之為“竟陵八友”。蕭衍也是“竟陵八友”中的一位。他的很多詩歌都是在這一時期寫的。建梁稱帝後，他素性不減，經常招聚文人學士，以賦詩為樂。他的文學創作，推動了梁代文學風氣的興盛。
梁武帝現存詩歌有80多首，按其內容、題材可大致分為四類：言情詩、談禪悟道詩、宴遊贈答詩、詠物詩。)梁武帝的言情詩集中在新樂府辭中，又稱擬樂府詩，數量幾乎占了其全部詩作的一半。樂府是古代專門掌管音樂的官署。據學者研究，至遲在周代便設有樂官，稱為大司樂，以樂府為音樂官署的名稱，則始於秦。到了漢代，漢惠帝時有樂府令一職。漢武帝時，樂府的性質和規模與以前有很大不同。那時，樂府除製作樂章、訓練樂工之外，還廣泛採集民間歌謠配樂演唱。凡由樂府機構製作和採集的歌辭，以及文人以樂府題寫作的詩，後世皆稱為“樂府詩”或“樂府”。其中，民歌是樂府詩中最有生氣的部分。I
魏晉時，樂府停止了採集民歌的工作，當時的樂府詩也出現了日趨雅化的傾嚮。到了南朝，江南新異風格的民歌再次受到了上層社會的重視，通過樂府機構的採集、演唱，對文人的詩歌創作産生了很大影響。由於江南民歌言情的題材、內容，及其纖弱綺麗的風格特點，適應了當時統治階級對聲色的愛好，因而被廣泛模擬創作。
蕭衍任雍州刺史駐居襄陽時，就非常喜好當地的民歌，他的許多擬樂府詩，如《芳樹》、《有所思》、《臨高臺》等，便是在此時創作出來的。即使在稱帝以後，蕭衍對樂府詩的興趣也仍然不減當年。在天監十一年（512年），他親自動手改西麯（南朝樂府民歌分為吳歌和西麯兩大部分。前者産生於建康周圍，此地相襲稱為吳地，故其民間歌麯稱為吳歌；後者産生於江、漢流域的荊、郢、樊、鄧幾個主要地區，是南朝西部軍事重鎮和經濟文化中心，故其民間歌麯稱為西麯），製《江南上雲樂》十四麯、《江南弄》七麯，可見其愛好沉迷的程度。
和樂府民歌一樣，蕭衍的樂府擬作也是情歌，主要以女性為詠唱對象。他的大多數詩作都是描摹女子對愛情的殷盼，為離別相思所苦的情態，感情纏綿，風格綺麗，語言平易，具有濃郁的江南民歌風味。如“一年漏將盡，萬裏人未歸。君志固有在，妾驅乃無依。”（《子夜四時歌。鼕歌》）；“草樹非一香，花葉百種色。寄語故情人，知我心相憶。”（《襄陽蹋銅蹄歌》）等。鄭振鐸先生認為，“蕭衍新樂府辭最為嬌豔可愛”。此話確有一定的道理。
2 梁武帝
值得特別註意的是梁武帝的七言詩。梁武帝有十餘首樂府詩是用七言歌行的體裁寫的，如《河中之水歌》、《江南弄》、《東飛伯勞歌》等。其中以《東飛伯勞歌》最為著名：
東飛伯勞西飛燕，
黃姑織女時相見。
誰傢女兒對門居，
開顔法豔照裏閭。
南窗北牗挂明光，
羅帷綺帳脂粉香。
女兒年幾十五六，
窈窕無雙顔如玉。
三春已暮花從風，
空留可憐與誰同。
七言體詩歌的創作始於魏文帝曹丕，他的《燕歌行》是現存最古老、最完整的七言詩。此後，宋、齊時鮑照、湯惠林、釋寶月等人也間有此類作品問世，但影響不大。到了梁武帝，七言詩才有了進一步的發展。曹丕的《燕歌行》雖然是開山之作，但全詩逐句押韻，未免顯得單調，缺乏婉轉詠嘆的情趣。梁武帝的七言體詩 平、仄韻互換，抑揚起伏，頗具獨創性。其後，仿效者四起，其子蕭綱（梁簡文帝）、蕭繹（梁元帝），大臣瀋約、吳均等，都有七言詩的創作。到陳朝時，七言詩的句式、結構更趨完美，韻律也更加和諧多姿。後來，唐朝的李白、杜甫、高適等人創造性地運用這一詩體寫出了許多氣勢磅礴的詩篇，七言體詩更為發展。梁武帝等人的開拓之功是不容抹煞的。
梁武帝的談禪悟道詩的數量僅次於其樂府詩。他早年信道，晚年佞佛，他所撰寫的談禪悟道詩是其信道佞佛的自我寫照。這些詩，如同宗教哲學箴言，十分乏味，沒有什麽藝術可言。
梁武帝的第三類詩是宴遊贈答詩，內容較前兩類詩復雜。這裏有表現宗教哲理、宣揚佛教思想、規勸臣下信奉佛教之作，如《遊鐘山大愛敬寺》、《覺新意贈江革》等；有巡幸記遊、描繪景物之作，如《首夏泛天池詩》、《登北顧樓》、《天安寺疏圃堂》等；有送別詩，如《答任殿中宗記室王中書別詩》等。這類詩不乏上乘之作，如“舟楫互客與，藻蘋相推移。碧池紅菡萏，白沙青漣漪；新波拂舊石，殘花落故枝；葉軟風易出，草密路難披。薄遊朱明節，泛漾天淵池。”（《首夏泛天池詩》）該詩畫面景物鮮明，色彩絢麗多彩，讀來頗有韻味。再如：“蘭華時未晏，舉袂徒離憂，……謄言無歇緒，深情附還流。”（《答任殿中宗記室王中書別詩》）寫友人將別時深沉真摯的眷戀之情，也是贈別詩中較好的作品。
梁武帝的第四類詩是詠物詩，如《詠舞詩》、《詠燭詩》、《詠筆詩》等。這類詩雖窮力追新，但內容淺薄，可足稱道者甚少。
歷代文史學家，對齊梁詩總的評價不高，大都以為其“嘲風月，弄花草”，“風雲氣少，兒女情多”（白居易語），這是很有見地的。齊梁詩人缺乏匡世救時的崇高理想，也缺乏嚴肅認真的社會責任心，因此反映社會現實及言志述懷之作便不多見，充斥當時文壇的是大量的山水、詠物、豔情之詩。梁武帝的詩歌從題材、內容、風格諸方面來說，都無一例外地體現了齊梁詩歌的特點。這當然與他即位前漫長優裕的貴族生活環境不無關係。他雖然是一個開國創業之君，但即位前已官居高位，養尊處優，並未受過太多的打擊；其滅齊建梁，也衹經歷過一年多的時間，而且非常順利。所以，梁武帝的詩歌中多“兒女情語”、“神仙道氣”, 少“風雲之氣”，少言志述懷、積極進取之作，也就不奇怪了。
除了學術研究和文學創作外，梁武帝對音樂也頗有研究，他創製了許多新歌。《隋書。音樂志》上說：梁武帝“既善鐘律，詳悉舊事，遂自製定禮樂”。如“鼓吹，宋、齊並用漢麯，又充廷用十六麯”，梁武帝“乃去四麯，留其十二，合四時也。更創新歌，以述功德”。梁武帝創製了不少頌揚佛教的歌麯，如“製《善哉》、《大樂》、《大歡》、《大道》、《仙道》、《神王》、《竜王》、《滅過惡》、《除愛水》、《斷苦磚》等十篇，名為正樂，皆述佛法”。他是很知道用音樂為政治服務的人。他素善鐘律，曾創製準音器四具，名曰“通”。每通三弦，以推月氣。又製十二笛和十二律相應。每律各配編鐘、編磬，豐富了我國傳統器樂的表現能力。他很喜歡繪畫，尤善畫花鳥與走獸。大畫傢張僧繇善於寫貌，頗受梁武帝賞識。當時，梁武帝諸子多出鎮外州，梁武帝常常想念他們，便命張僧繇前往各州郡去畫諸子之像，懸於居室之中，梁武帝見圖如見其子，思念頓減。梁武帝信佛，在位時建造了很多佛院寺塔，也都命張僧繇作畫。
梁武帝對圍棋特別喜愛，棋藝也很高超。在齊朝為官時，每逢閑暇，常徹夜不眠，與人弈棋。稱帝之後，興趣不減。大臣朱異、韋黯、到溉，名將陳慶之等都是他的棋友。每到興致高時，便不復君臣之別。一次，梁武帝又約到溉玩了一個通宵。到溉不能熬夜，一局未終，竟低頭睡着了。梁武帝見狀大笑，就做詩嘲諷他：“狀若喪傢狗，又似懸風槌。”到溉被喚醒，頗為尷尬，及聽到梁武帝的詩句，又放聲大笑。君臣盡歡而散。
梁武帝對圍棋如醉如癡，也有因此誤事的時候。他晚年佞佛，有一個名叫磕（應為“木盍，此字打不出來）頭師的和尚，頗為他敬重。一天，梁武帝下敕召磕頭師入宮研討佛法，當磕頭師入宮的時候，梁武帝正在和人下棋，要殺死對方的棋子，便隨口說道：”殺掉！“左右侍從將此話理解錯了，以為梁武帝要殺掉磕頭師，便不由分說，將磕頭師推出斬首。下完棋，梁武帝下令召見磕頭師，左右侍從回答說：“已奉旨將此人殺掉了。”梁武帝聽罷，後悔不迭。
由於梁武帝雅好詩文，大臣們紛紛效仿，甚至連赳赳武夫也能偶爾吟出幾句好詩來。天監六年（507年），梁將曹景宗和韋睿在徐州大敗魏軍。班師回朝後，梁武帝在華光殿舉行宴會，為他們慶功。在宴飲中，君臣連句賦詩。鑒於曹景宗不善詩文，怕他賦不出詩來難堪，負責安排詩韻的尚書左僕射瀋約便沒有分給他詩韻。曹景宗深感不平，堅决要求步韻賦詩。梁武帝對曹景宗這種不甘人後的性格早有瞭解，於是安慰他說：“將軍是一位出衆的人才，何必在乎作一首詩呢！”當時曹景宗已經有一些醉意，就乘酒興再三固請。梁武帝不願再掃他的興，便命瀋約分給他詩韻。這時詩韻差不多已經分完，衹剩下“競”、“病”二字。在這種局限之下要按韻賦詩是很睏難的。可是曹景宗衹是稍微想了一會兒，便提筆賦出一首詩：
去時女兒悲，
歸來笳鼓競。
藉問行路人，
何如霍去病。
詩寫得自然流暢，而且非常切合眼前凱旋慶功的實際。此詩一出，語驚四座，文人們自嘆弗如，連梁武帝也感嘆不已，特命史官記入國史。
在梁武帝的影響和提倡下，梁朝文化事業的發展達到了東晉以來最繁榮的階段。《南史》作者李延壽評價說：“自江左以來，年逾二百，文物之盛，獨美於茲。”這句話頗能反映當時的實際。
Jianguo
Emperor - Xiao Yan
Southern Qi Dynasty, Dong Hun Hou as violence, and all around the Rebellion, but were down, which is the most effective yan brother, when he was Yongzhou (now Hubei Province, Yangyang) provincial governor Xiao Yi. However, the later Dong Hun Hou Hsiao Yi was also poisoned. After Xiaoyan Cheng Yong prefectural governor, following his brother took over. Yan verse poetry is like one sent to collect local folk songs, and the restoration of the Wei, Jin has been stopped since the folk music collection.
On the other hand, Ju-Bing Xiao Yan is also looking for opportunities to overturn Dong Hun Hou. ZTE first year (501 years), Xiao Yan Ying led troops attacked the city, two hundred day siege, the city broke, "product corpse under the bed and sleep on it, than the houses are full." Soon, Xiao Yan Fabing attack the capital of our health, to change legislation Nam Wang Xiao Bao Rong in Gangneung emperor, is homogeneous and Dili; and Dong Hun Hou in the coup, General Wang Zhen was killed in the country. Abdication by Qi Xiao Yan after Dili, in the first year of monitoring days (502 years) ascended the throne.
After ascending the throne, Xiao Yan interest on Yuefu still a century ago, still involved in the creation and editing poetry verse. At the same time, old friends Yue, Fan-yun, the name of the door descendants aristocratic family background also Liang became prime minister. During the Government to promote a variety of reforms, when the Southern Qi correct the problems.
In the Emperor's influence and advocacy, Liang Zhaowen of development reached the most prosperous period since the Eastern Jin Dynasty. "History of Southern Dynasties" by Li Yanshou commented: "Since Esa has over 200, Heritage Sheng, alone in the United States hereby." This statement pretty well reflect the current reality.
Monk
Rebellion of Hou Jing
Emperor in his later years
Hou Jing of the original for the Eastern Wei generals, because of his conflict with the Eastern Wei Chengxiang Takasumi in Taiqing first year (547 years) the first month, according to Henan 13 rebels return state Western Wei, Western Wei Yuwen Tai, but they do not trust. Reluctantly, sent a letter to Xiao Yan Hou Jing, Henan 13 states wishing to defect to dedicate the Southern beam. Xiao Yan Hou Jing accepted, and appointed him as major general, Wang Feng of Henan. Soon, Eastern Wei attack Hou Jing, Xiao Yan Xiao Yuanming school support, the result was defeated, captured Hsiao Yuan-ming. Takasumi pretending proposed settlement, which aims to stimulate the Hou Jing. And Xiao Yan does not listen to the subjects as advice, and the Eastern Wei messenger contacts Hou Jing panic.
At this point, write the name of the Eastern Wei Hou Jing cite yan, proposed to exchange Hou Jing Xiao Yuan-ming, Xiao Yan actually accepted. Hou Jing very angry, then raise an army mutiny. March in the year 549 he laid siege to our health. Long-besieged city, cut off food, famine plagued a large swelling shortness of breath, lying dead over the road to board the city against those who were less than 4000. Southern Liang kings hand heavily, but distrust each other, not do anything. On the 12th, Hou Jing scored Jiankang, Connivance of His Army looted, perished Xiao Jiazong room, Aristocracy Wang Xie, rebellion for Hou Jing.
City settlement, the Hou Jing's guards and out of the palace is very casual, but also carry weapons. Xiao Yan met with very strange and asked about attendants, attendants said Hou Chengxiang guards. Xiaoyan Sheng gas to shouted: "What the prime minister! Not that Hou Jing you!" Hou Jing heard, very angry, was sent to monitor yan, yan Hou Jing diet has also been reduced. Xiao Yan bitter mouth thirst, cable honey water, yet to be realized, Anger into illness.
May, Xiao Yan die of hunger in Taiwan City, died at the age of 86, buried repair Ling (now Jiangsu Danyang lingkou). Posthumous title of Emperor, Temple name emperor.
Other
Religion, the Emperor for the promotion of Buddhism in China and played an important role in changing today, vegetarian Chinese Buddhism that was beginning of his first. He is the "Line Extraction", "big items", "net name" and "three wisdom" and hundreds of rolls of Buddhist writings. Teaching on the Road said he has studied. On this basis, he Confucian "rites", the Taoist "no" and Buddhism "karma" blend together, creating the "three religions homologous to say", the history of thought in ancient China occupies an important position.
Son
Son Xiao Tong: premature death, not to the throne. Posthumous title, "Zhao Ming," the Prince said the world. Desch words, small print Korimaro.
The second sub-Xiao Comprehensive: Yuzhang Wang. Word Shi Qian. After Qi Dong Hun Hou Hsiao consider themselves Southern Baojuan posthumous child, surrendered to the Northern Wei Dynasty, renamed Hsiao praise.
The third son of Xiao Gang: Jinan King. Word World Zuan. After Emperor Jianwen.
Fourth son Xiao Ji: Nam Chien Wang.
The fifth son of Hsiao continued: King Wei Ling Lu. World 䜣 word.
Siu Lun sixth child: shaoling carrying Wang (West Liang Posthumous Zhong Zhuang Wang). Word Bank transfer.
Seventh son of Xiao Yi: Xiang Dongwang. Shi Cheng word. After Emperor Yuan.
Eighth son Xiao Ji: Wuling Wang. Jen after Emperor.
Female
Wing Hing princesses, Xiao Yu Yao
Forever princess, Xiaoyu Wan
Yongkang Princess, Xiao Huan Yu
Anji Princess, Yu-Chi Hsiao
Emperor Wu is a versatile knowledgeable scholar. His political and military order, in the Southern Dynasty emperors can be said to be called leaders, not under the other three founding emperor. His academic research and literature on the achievement, is more prominent. History books call him: "Six Arts leisure equipment, chess board Yiping, Yang Wei-designate, divination account summary, and noted that good. ... ... Subordinate chido grass, horse riding and shooting the bow, everyone wonders." He is very good school, who are orthodox Confucian education, "little time Xi Zhou hole, twenties poor Six", after ascending the throne, "while 10 000 aircraft and more services, volume stopped working hand still, burning candles side light, often until midnight." This spirit of hard study, for his academic research has laid a solid foundation.
He also devoted much energy of Buddhism, with the "Line Extraction", "big items", "net name" and "three wisdom" and hundreds of rolls of Buddhist writings. Teaching on the Road said he has studied. On this basis, he Confucian "propriety", the Taoist "no" and Buddhism's "karma" blend together, creating the "three religions homologous said," the history of thought in ancient China occupies an important position .
Emperor's Poetry literary talent, but also excels. Yong Qi Wudi next room (484 - 493), poetry, creative rage, many literati Jingling Wang Xiao Ziliang had gathered around, all succeed is able to display their creative talent of their poetry. In the literati, the more well-known eight, such as Xie Tiao, Shen, Ren Fang, Fan Yun and others, when people call it "Jingling eight friends." Xiao Yan is also the "Jingling eight friends" in one. Many of his poems were written during this period. Jian Liang emperor, he primality unabated, often literati gathered together to compose poetry to music. His literary creation, literary culture promoted the rise of the Liang.
Wei, the verse stopped collecting the work of folk songs, then verse poems, a growing tendency towards elegant. To Southern, Southern-style folk novel once again the importance attached by the upper class, collection agencies through the verse, singing, poetry of the scholars had a great impact. Southern folk romance as the subject matter, content, and its beautiful style of delicate features, adapted to the ruling class and sensual of love, which is widely simulation creation.
And folk songs, like Xiao Yan is also the love songs intended for verse, mainly women chanting object. Most of his poems are depicting the women of the ardent expectations of love, suffering for the parting Acacia modality, emotional touching, beautiful style, language, plain, with rich southern folk style. Such as "leakage will do a year, thousands of miles were not returned. Chun Chi inherent in, concubine drive is no one to depend." ("Midnight 4:00 song. Winter Song"); "Cao Shu non-A Hong, mosaic one hundred kinds of colors. Valentine's message to it, know my heart with memories. "(" copper shoe tread Xiangyang Song ") and so on. Mr. Zheng Zhenduo that "the most tender and beautiful Xinyuefu yan cute." This remark does have some truth.
2 Emperor
Of particular note is the Emperor of the Piece. Emperor Wu has more than ten first verse poem is written in the genre of BAO, such as "Song of the river water", "South Alley," "East Feibo Lao Song" and so on. Among them, the "East Feibo Lao Song" is the most well-known:
East Feibolaoxi swallows,
Nibea meet when Weaver.
Someone's daughter, home door,
Kai-Yan Law Yanzhao in Lu.
South Chuangbeiyougua Mingguang,
Hong Luo curtain chi cosmetics account.
In scores of 56 her daughter,
Fit unparalleled treasure to be found.
Spring has spent the three Twilight Wind,
Who remain poor and the same air.
Xiao Yan Tan Chan enlightenment volume of poetry after the verse poems. His early channel Ningfo later years, his poems written by Tan Chan enlightenment is its self-portrayal of the channel Ningfo. These poems, like the religious philosophy of Proverbs, very boring, nothing artistic at all.
The fourth class of poetry is Emperor Wu Poem, such as "Poem on Dancing," "Ode to candle poems", "Ode to document poems". Although the poor to emulate these new poems, but the content is shallow and can be commended for those few.
In addition to academic research and literature, the Emperor Wu of the music is also quite a study, he created a lot of new songs. "Book of Sui. Music Record ", said: Emperor," both good Bell, Long learned that the old things, Suizi develop Ritual. " Such as "advocacy, Song, Qi, and with Chinese music, then full-ting with 16" Emperor "is the last four, leaving the 12, combined four o'clock. More innovative songs, to the above merit." Emperor Wu created a lot of songs praising Buddhism, such as the "system" Good, good, "" Big Fun "," Great Joy "," Highway, "" Immortal, "" God King "," Dragon King "," too bad off "" In addition to love water, "" bitter break bricks "and 10, known as being happy, above all Buddhism." He is very aware of music as the politics of people. Su Shin Bell he had created tonometer 4, named "General." Sanxian per pass, to push on gas. Also the system 12 corresponding flutes and Temperament. The distribution of each law bells, chimes, enriched the performance of Chinese traditional instrumental ability. He is fond of painting, especially flowers, birds and beasts of good painting. Painter ZHANG, write good appearance, well received by Emperor Wu appreciated. At that time, Emperor Wu thinkers outside the town more states, Emperor often miss them, they ordered ZHANG, go to the gun to the various schools of painting, like, hangs in the room among the Emperor as reflected in sub-figure , miss by Dayton. Emperor believed in Buddhism, when the reign of the construction of many Buddhist Temple Court, also ordered ZHANG, painting.
Emperor Wu of the special favorite Go, chess is also high over. When the Qi Dynasty official, during leisure time, often overnight, and were chess. After the emperor, were not disclosed. Minister Zhu different, Wei dark, to irrigation, are all famous Chan of his fellow chess player. Every mood is high, the monarch and his subjects would no longer do. Once, Emperor Wu then about to play a night irrigation. To irrigation can not stay up late, not the end of a Board, actually bow to sleep. Emperor rushed laugh, mocking him on the Five Ridges: "Zhuangruo funeral dog, yet also seemed to hang the wind hammer." Wake up to the irrigation, rather embarrassed, and heard the Emperor of the verse, then laughed. Monarch and his subjects thoroughly enjoyed themselves and unfocused.
Emperor Wu of the Go enthralled, but also a time when so makes a botch. Ningfo his later years, there is a named knock (should be "wooden Japanese sample, this word does not come out to play) the first division of the monks, rather he was respected. One day, Xiao Yan Zhao bowed under the imperial palace discuss Buddhist teacher, when the kowtow Division palace when Emperor Wu is working with people playing chess, a pawn to kill each other, then exclaimed: "kill! "Attendants will remark about a wrong interpretation, that the Emperor bowed to kill teacher, then without any explanation, the division launched kowtow beheaded. Chess is finished, Emperor Wu ordered summoned kowtow division, so attendants replied:" has been ordered by the throne this person was killed. "Emperor Wu listening to regret not cope.
To grief when her daughter,
Return Jia drum competition.
Asked passers-by line,
Ru Huo.
Poems written in natural flow, and is very practical to meet the immediate triumphant celebration. Poem 1, Yujingsizuo, people of Iranian culture, such as, even Emperor Wu also sigh, Extraordinary historian credited to national history.
In the Emperor's influence and advocacy, Liang Zhaowen reach of the development of the most prosperous period since the Eastern Jin Dynasty. "History of Southern Dynasties" by Li Yanshou commented: "Since Esa has over 200, Heritage Sheng, alone in the United States hereby." This statement pretty well reflect the current reality.
| << 前一君主: 太宗 簡文皇帝 蕭綱 | 南梁蕭衍 Xiao Yan (502年～549年) |