春秋 人物列表
周平王 Zhou Pingwang周桓王 Zhou Huanwang周庄王 Zhou Zhuangwang
周僖王 Zhou Xiwang周惠王 Zhou Huiwang王子颓 Wang Zitui
周襄王 Zhou Xiangwang周顷王 Zhou Qingwang周匡王 Zhou Kuangwang
周定王 Zhou Dingwang周简王 Zhou Jianwang周灵王 Zhou Lingwang
周景王 Zhou Jingwang周悼王 Zhou Daowang王子朝 Wang Zichao
周敬王 Zhou Jingwang
周平王 Zhou Pingwang
春秋  (前781年前720年)
姓:
名: 宜臼
开端终结
在位前770年前720年
周平王前770年前720年

  周平王(约前781~前720)
  中国东周第一代王。西周幽王之子。姬姓,名宜臼。公元前770~前720年在位。是东周第一位国王。他是周幽王的儿子,母亲是幽王的正室申后。申后是申侯之女儿。
  公元前771年,周幽王被犬戎杀死,都城镐京(今陕西西安西南)经犬戎侵袭,十分残破。太子宜臼受到申、许、鲁等诸侯拥戴,在申(今河南南阳北)即位,是为平王。为避犬戎,平王把都城从镐京东迁至洛邑(今河南省洛阳),史称东周。周平王依仗晋、郑、虢等诸侯的力量,勉强支持残局。但是周室衰微,周天子失去其天下共主的地位,诸侯各国之间的兼并越来越有发展,中国历史从此进入春秋时期。平王死后,因其太子洩父早死,立平王之孙林为太子,是为周桓王。
  
  周平王
  平王姬宜臼,周幽王在位时,原被立为太子。幽王宠爱褒姒后,废黜了宜臼,改立伯服为太子。
  有一天,宜臼在花园里玩耍,幽王将笼子里的猛虎放出,打算让猛虎将宜臼咬死。宜臼很有胆量,当猛虎向他扑来时,他非但不惊慌逃避,反而迎上前去,冷不防大吼一声,吓得老虎吃了一惊,后退几步,伏在地上观察动静。宜臼便从容离去。他知道这是父王存心暗害他,就与母亲申后暗暗逃出都城,投奔外祖父申侯。
  犬戎攻破镐京,杀死了幽王以后退走了。申、鲁、许等诸侯国就拥立宜臼为王,于公元前770年在申(今河南省南阳市北)即位。不久,因为镐京已遭战争破坏,宜臼在秦国护送下,东迁至洛邑,在晋、郑等诸侯国夹辅下,勉强支撑残局。东迁后的周朝,史称东周。东周开始的这一年,就是春秋时期的开端。
  在宜臼即位的同时,诸侯虢公翰拥立幽王的另一个儿子余臣为天子,称携王,出现了两周并列的局面。十余年后,支持宜臼的晋文侯攻杀了携王,周王朝又重新统一。宜臼东迁时,因为秦襄公护送有功,就提升他为诸侯,并答应说:“戎人攻占了镐京和岐山地区 (今陕西凤翔县一带),你去攻击他们吧,打到哪里,那里就归秦所有。”不久,岐山以西地区为秦所攻占,秦国从此开始发展起来。由于大片故土丧失,东周王朝仅仅拥有今河南西北部的一隅之地,东不过荥阳,西不跨潼关,南不越汝水,北只到沁水南岸,方圆只有六百余里,地窄人寡,与方圆数千里的大诸侯国相比,它只相当于一个中等诸侯国而已。周王朝大大衰落了。郑、晋、齐,鲁、燕、宋、楚等大国为了争夺土地、人口和对其他诸侯国的支配权,相互之间不断进行兼并战争,形成了诸侯争霸的纷乱局面,我国历史进入了一个大变革的动荡时期。
  宜臼在位期间,因外祖父申侯拥立自己有功,便赐予申侯以封地,并派自己畿内的百姓去戍守。这使百姓离乡背井,十分怨恨。
  姬宜臼一度委任郑庄公寤生为朝廷卿士。后由于郑国实力雄厚,姬宜臼对郑庄公怀有戒心,不愿朝政为郑庄公所操纵,又乘郑国多事,郑庄公没有来上任的机会,想撤掉他卿士的职务。郑庄公闻知,马上赶到洛阳,对姬宜臼施加压力。姬宜臼再三赔礼,郑庄公不依。姬宜臼只好提出让太子姬狐去郑国作人质。不过这太有损天子的体面,群臣又提出了相互交换人质的办法,让郑庄公的儿子忽也来洛邑作人质,而周太子去郑国则用学习的名义。史称“周郑交质”。从这一史实可知;姬宜臼东迁后,周王室已势力衰微,周王名为天子,实际上要看大诸侯的脸色行事。
  公元前720年,姬宜臼病死。姬宜臼死后的庙号为平王。


  China's first generation of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty king. Zhou quiet prince. Surnamed, were advised to acetabulum. BC 770 ~ 720 years before the reign. Is the first king of the Eastern Zhou. He is the son of Zhou You Wang, You Wang's principal wife mother after application. After the application is the daughter of Shen Hou.
  Ping Wang Ji Yi mortar, Zhou You Wang reign, originally established as a crown prince. You Wang favorite concubine, the deposed the appropriate mortar, Peter Stand, serving as the Prince.
  Should reign in the acetabulum, while princes John Guo public backers of another son, You Wang Yu Chen for the emperor, said to bring the king, appeared side by side in two weeks. More than ten years later, the mortar should support a portable Wang Jin-Wen Hou Gong Sha, Zhou dynasty has reunited. Eastward mortar should, because Qin Xianggong escort active, the upgrading of his princes, and promised that: "Rong Gao Jing and Qishan were captured area (Shaanxi Fengxiang this area), you go against them it, hit where Qin to go there all. "Soon, Qishan area west of the capture of Qin, Qin from developing. Since the loss of large tracts of native land, the Eastern Zhou dynasty, the mere possession of this northwest corner of Henan Province, the East, but Xing Yang, do not cross Tongguan West, South and not cross the Ru water, only to Qinshui north coast of radius of only six hundred years, with limited spaces widowed, with a large radius of several miles compared vassal state, only the equivalent of just a middle-feudal country. Significant decline of the Zhou Dynasty. Cheng, Jin, Qi and Lu, Yan Song, Chu and other major powers over land, population and other vassal state of control over the ongoing merger between the war, formed a feudal hegemony of the confusion is entered in our history a large change in the turbulent times.
  In 720 BC, Ji Yi acetabular died. Ji Yi posthumous names of the acetabulum after the death of King Ping.
春秋周平王 Zhou Pingwang
(前770年前720年)
后一君主 >>: 周桓王
    

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