姓: | 姬 | |||||||||
名: | 宜臼 | |||||||||
|
中國東周第一代王。西周幽王之子。姬姓,名宜臼。公元前770~前720年在位。是東周第一位國王。他是周幽王的兒子,母親是幽王的正室申後。申後是申侯之女兒。
公元前771年,周幽王被犬戎殺死,都城鎬京(今陝西西安西南)經犬戎侵襲,十分殘破。太子宜臼受到申、許、魯等諸侯擁戴,在申(今河南南陽北)即位,是為平王。為避犬戎,平王把都城從鎬京東遷至洛邑(今河南省洛陽),史稱東周。周平王依仗晉、鄭、虢等諸侯的力量,勉強支持殘局。但是周室衰微,周天子失去其天下共主的地位,諸侯各國之間的兼併越來越有發展,中國歷史從此進入春秋時期。平王死後,因其太子洩父早死,立平王之孫林為太子,是為周桓王。
周平王
平王姬宜臼,周幽王在位時,原被立為太子。幽王寵愛褒姒後,廢黜了宜臼,改立伯服為太子。
有一天,宜臼在花園裏玩耍,幽王將籠子裏的猛虎放出,打算讓猛虎將宜臼咬死。宜臼很有膽量,當猛虎嚮他撲來時,他非但不驚慌逃避,反而迎上前去,冷不防大吼一聲,嚇得老虎吃了一驚,後退幾步,伏在地上觀察動靜。宜臼便從容離去。他知道這是父王存心暗害他,就與母親申後暗暗逃出都城,投奔外祖父申侯。
犬戎攻破鎬京,殺死了幽王以後退走了。申、魯、許等諸侯國就擁立宜臼為王,於公元前770年在申(今河南省南陽市北)即位。不久,因為鎬京已遭戰爭破壞,宜臼在秦國護送下,東遷至洛邑,在晉、鄭等諸侯國夾輔下,勉強支撐殘局。東遷後的周朝,史稱東周。東周開始的這一年,就是春秋時期的開端。
在宜臼即位的同時,諸侯虢公翰擁立幽王的另一個兒子餘臣為天子,稱攜王,出現了兩周並列的局面。十餘年後,支持宜臼的晉文侯攻殺了攜王,周王朝又重新統一。宜臼東遷時,因為秦襄公護送有功,就提升他為諸侯,並答應說:“戎人攻占了鎬京和岐山地區 (今陝西鳳翔縣一帶),你去攻擊他們吧,打到哪裏,那裏就歸秦所有。”不久,岐山以西地區為秦所攻占,秦國從此開始發展起來。由於大片故土喪失,東周王朝僅僅擁有今河南西北部的一隅之地,東不過滎陽,西不跨潼關,南不越汝水,北衹到沁水南岸,方圓衹有六百餘裏,地窄人寡,與方圓數千裏的大諸侯國相比,它衹相當於一個中等諸侯國而已。周王朝大大衰落了。鄭、晉、齊,魯、燕、宋、楚等大國為了爭奪土地、人口和對其他諸侯國的支配權,相互之間不斷進行兼併戰爭,形成了諸侯爭霸的紛亂局面,我國歷史進入了一個大變革的動蕩時期。
宜臼在位期間,因外祖父申侯擁立自己有功,便賜予申侯以封地,並派自己畿內的百姓去戍守。這使百姓離鄉背井,十分怨恨。
姬宜臼一度委任鄭莊公寤生為朝廷卿士。後由於鄭國實力雄厚,姬宜臼對鄭莊公懷有戒心,不願朝政為鄭莊公所操縱,又乘鄭國多事,鄭莊公沒有來上任的機會,想撤掉他卿士的職務。鄭莊公聞知,馬上趕到洛陽,對姬宜臼施加壓力。姬宜臼再三賠禮,鄭莊公不依。姬宜臼衹好提出讓太子姬狐去鄭國作人質。不過這太有損天子的體面,群臣又提出了相互交換人質的辦法,讓鄭莊公的兒子忽也來洛邑作人質,而周太子去鄭國則用學習的名義。史稱“周鄭交質”。從這一史實可知;姬宜臼東遷後,周王室已勢力衰微,周王名為天子,實際上要看大諸侯的臉色行事。
公元前720年,姬宜臼病死。姬宜臼死後的廟號為平王。
Ping Wang Ji Yi mortar, Zhou You Wang reign, originally established as a crown prince. You Wang favorite concubine, the deposed the appropriate mortar, Peter Stand, serving as the Prince.
Should reign in the acetabulum, while princes John Guo public backers of another son, You Wang Yu Chen for the emperor, said to bring the king, appeared side by side in two weeks. More than ten years later, the mortar should support a portable Wang Jin-Wen Hou Gong Sha, Zhou dynasty has reunited. Eastward mortar should, because Qin Xianggong escort active, the upgrading of his princes, and promised that: "Rong Gao Jing and Qishan were captured area (Shaanxi Fengxiang this area), you go against them it, hit where Qin to go there all. "Soon, Qishan area west of the capture of Qin, Qin from developing. Since the loss of large tracts of native land, the Eastern Zhou dynasty, the mere possession of this northwest corner of Henan Province, the East, but Xing Yang, do not cross Tongguan West, South and not cross the Ru water, only to Qinshui north coast of radius of only six hundred years, with limited spaces widowed, with a large radius of several miles compared vassal state, only the equivalent of just a middle-feudal country. Significant decline of the Zhou Dynasty. Cheng, Jin, Qi and Lu, Yan Song, Chu and other major powers over land, population and other vassal state of control over the ongoing merger between the war, formed a feudal hegemony of the confusion is entered in our history a large change in the turbulent times.
In 720 BC, Ji Yi acetabular died. Ji Yi posthumous names of the acetabulum after the death of King Ping.