| 姓： | 姬 | |||||||||
| 名： | 昌 | |||||||||
| ||||||||||
谥号：（周）文王
寿命：97岁
所属年代：商代
出生年月：前1152年农历九月十五日
去世年月：前1056年
在位：50年（约前1105年—约前1056年在位）
相关事件：文王羑里演周易，武王伐纣
相关人物：周武王， 商纣王
周文王是黄帝的后裔，世系如下：
黄帝轩辕氏——少昊金天氏——蟜极——帝喾高辛氏——后稷（周始祖，西伯）——不窋——鞠——公刘——庆节——皇仆——差弗——毁隃（毁渝）——公非（公卯）——高圉——亚圉——公叔祖类——周太王古公亶父——季历——周文王姬昌。
武则天改国号周时，自称武家为姬昌后代，追尊周文王为南周始祖文皇帝。周文王，商未周族领袖。姬姓，名昌，商纣时封为西伯，亦称伯昌。任西伯五十年，国力大盛。收附虞、芮两国；攻灭黎（今山西长治）、邗（今河南沁阳）、崇（今河南嵩县）等国，建都丰邑（属今陕西长安），为武王灭商奠基。旧传《周易》为其所演。
事迹
中国商代末年西方诸侯之长。姬姓 ，名昌。周太王之孙，季历之子。商纣时为西伯，即西部诸侯（方国）之长。亦称西伯昌。相传西伯在位五十年，已为翦商大业作好充分准备，但未及出师便先期死去。周人谥西伯为文王。其次子姬发继位，是为周武王。
季历死后，其子姬昌继位，他就是日后著名的周文王。他在位50年，主要功绩是为灭商做好了充分准备。他是很有作为的创业主，勤于政事，重视发展农业生产，礼贤下士，广罗人才，拜姜尚为军师，问以军国大计，使“天下三分，其二归周”。文王在位，以商朝的一个“方伯”的面目出现，表面上臣服于商朝，暗地里却积极进行灭商的准备。他分化瓦解商朝的附庸，争取与国，成功地调解了虞、芮两国争田纠纷，使河东小国纷纷前来归附，诸侯都把文王看成是以取代商纣的“受命之君”。在虞、芮归附的第二年，文王向西北、西南用兵，为灭商建立了巩固的后方。接着向东发展，过黄河进攻耆、邗等国。沿渭水东进，攻占了商朝在渭水中游的重要据点崇，扫除了周在东进道路上的一个障碍，并且据有关中的膏腴之地。在伐崇的第二年，文王在沣水西岸营建丰邑，把政治中心迁于丰（今西安市西南）。至此，文王已完成了对商都的钳形包围，周人对商朝已经形成咄咄逼人的攻势。
商纣时为西伯，建国于岐山之下，积善行仁，政化大行，因崇侯虎向纣王进谗言，而被囚于羑里，后得释归。益行仁政，天下诸侯多归从，子武王有天下后，追尊为周文王，商末诸侯首领，史称西北侯，追封为周文王。遵后稷、公刘之业，则先祖古公、父亲季历之法，倡导笃仁、敬老、慈少、礼贤下士的社会风气，使其领地的社会经济得以发展。与其子姬发在宝鸡蟠溪钓鱼台聘姜尚为军师，自岐山起兵率军攻伐殷商，是西周王朝的开创者。发明“文王八卦”和“文王六十四卦”，流传于世，《史记》记载“文王拘而演周易”，被商王囚禁期间在狱中写了《周易》一书，在位50年。
武则天改唐国号为周时，追尊周文王为南周始祖文皇帝。
《史记·周本纪》说他能继承后稷、公刘开创的事业，仿效祖父古公直父和父亲季历制定的法度，实行仁政，敬老爱幼，礼贤下土，治理岐山下的周族根据地。在治岐期间，对内奉行德治，提倡“怀保小民”，大力发展农业生产，采用“九一而助”的政策，即划分田地，让农民助耕公田，纳九分之一的税。商人往来不收关税，有人犯罪妻子不连坐等，实行着封建制度初期的政治，即裕民政治，就是征收租税有节制，让农民有所积蓄，以刺激劳动兴趣。对外招贤纳士，许多外部落的人才以及从商纣王朝来投奔的贤士，他都以礼相待，予以任用。如伯夷、叔齐、太颠、闳夭、散宜生、鬻熊、辛甲等人，都先后归附在姬昌部下称臣。姬昌自己生活勤俭，穿普通人衣服，还到田间劳动，兢兢业业治理自己的国家。岐周在他的治理下，国力日渐强大。
西周国力增强壮大，引起商王朝的不安。商纣王的亲信谗臣崇侯虎，暗中向纣王进言说，西伯侯到处行善，树立自己的威信，诸侯都向往他，恐怕不利于商王。纣王于是将姬昌拘于羑里（今河南汤阴县）。他在囚禁中，精心致力“演易之六十四卦，各为彖。”周臣闳夭等人为营救文王出狱，搜求美女、宝马、珠玉献给纣王。纣王见了大喜：“仅此一物（指美女）就足够了，何况宝物如之多！”于是下令赦免文王出狱。并赏给他弓、矢、斧、钺，授权他讨伐不听命的诸侯。这就是史书中说的文王“羑里之厄”。
文王出狱后下决心灭商。一面向纣王献地，请求免除酷刑，取得信任，一面访贤任能，壮大国力。他出猎在渭水河边巧遇年已垂老、怀才不遇的姜尚在水边钓鱼。文王同他谈话，相互谈得很投机，文王了解姜尚确有真才，便让姜尚与他同车而归，立以为师，共同筹划灭商策略。据《尚书大传》说文王在位的最后七年中干了六件大事。头一年调解虞芮两国纠纷。虞（山西平陆县）芮（山西芮城）都是商王朝西方属国；可是他们不找商王裁决，都慕周文王的威名，求文王审断。据《诗经·大雅·绵》篇注说：虞芮两国看到周国是“耕者让其畔，行者让路”，“男女异路，斑白不提携”，“ 士让为大夫，大夫让为卿”，一派君子之风。两相对比，内心羞愧，回国之后虞芮两国都主动将所争之地做了闲田处理，纠纷从此解决。第二年出兵伐犬戎，战败西戎诸夷，灭了几个小国。第三年攻打密须（在今甘肃灵台县），解除了北边和西边后顾之忧。第四年“西伯戡黎（在今山西黎城县）”，第五年伐邗（在今河南沁阳县）。戡黎、伐邗实际上是构成了对商都朝歌的直接威胁。第六年灭崇国（在今陕西户县境）。将周的都城由岐山周原东迁渭水平原，建立沣京（在今陕西长安县沣河西岸）。（诗经·大雅》：“既伐于崇、作邑于沣。”接着又向南扩展势力到长江、汉江、汝水流域，形成了“三分天下有其二”的形势。《论语·泰伯》讲的这句话，即说明岐周实际已控制了大半个天下，而殷商已处于极端孤立的境地。
就在这大功即将垂成之际，姬昌不幸死去。《尚书·无逸》和《吕氏春秋·制乐》都说他享国50年，称王前立国43年。死后葬于毕（指陕西长安县与咸阳之间渭水南北岸，境域较广）。
周文王在中国历史上是一位名君圣人，被后世历代所称颂敬仰，《诗经·大雅》中有颂诗。
六十四卦
相传在上古时，伏羲氏创造了先天易（也叫先天八卦），神农氏创造成了连山易（也叫连山八卦），轩辕氏创造了归藏易（也叫归藏八卦）。在他们的同时和以前，还有谁创造成了什么易，我们不得而知。说起来，以上从伏羲到神农到轩辕,就是一种文化的承传。现在巫教、佛教、道教的教义中，甚至在民间，还遗存有先天易、连山易、归藏易、周易中的一些很神奇的秘传，但是也没有这一方面的专人去搜集整理。
只有在周朝时的文王八卦，因为诞生出了周公和孔子两个伟大的人物,经过他们的学习，推论解读，才留传了下来。所谓卦象，并无吉凶之分，是分析说明人在顺境，逆境之中的正确态度和行为准则与处事方法，经过历代文人学者与统治阶层的传承，文王《周易》成了中国的圣经，诸子百家之源，乃至到人们的日常生活都与之有着密切的联系。
两两重复排列为六十四卦。卦名是：
乾﹑ 坤﹑ 屯﹑ 蒙﹑ 需﹑ 讼﹑ 师﹑ 比、
小畜﹑履﹑ 泰﹑ 否﹑ 同人﹑大有﹑谦﹑ 豫﹑
随﹑ 蛊﹑ 临﹑ 观﹑ 噬嗑﹑贲﹑ 剥﹑ 复﹑
无妄﹑大畜﹑颐﹑ 大过﹑坎﹑ 离﹑ 咸﹑ 恒﹑
遁﹑ 大壮﹑晋﹑ 明夷﹑家人﹑睽﹑ 蹇﹑ 解﹑
损﹑ 益﹑ 夬﹑ 姤﹑ 萃﹑ 升﹑ 困﹑ 井﹑
革、 鼎﹑ 震﹑ 艮﹑ 渐、 归妹﹑丰、 旅﹑
巽﹑ 兑、 涣﹑ 节﹑ 中孚﹑小过﹑既济﹑未济。
乾为天、坤为地、水雷屯、山水蒙、水天需、天水讼、地水师、水地比、
风天小畜、天泽履、地天泰、天地否、天火同人、火天大有、地山谦、雷地豫、
泽雷随、山风蛊、地泽临、风地观、火雷噬嗑、山火贲、山地剥、地雷复、
天雷旡妄、山天大畜、山雷颐、泽风大过、坎为水、离为火、泽山咸、雷风恒、
天山遯、雷天大壮、火地晋、地火明夷、、风火家人、火泽睽、水山蹇、雷水解、
山泽损、风雷益、泽天夬、天风姤、泽地萃、地风升、泽水困、水风井、
泽火革、火风鼎、震为雷、艮为山、风山渐、雷泽归妹、雷火丰、火山旅、
巽为风、兑为泽、风水涣、水泽节、风泽中孚、雷山小过、水火既济、火水未济
周文王攻犬戎之战
商王帝辛时期(约公元前11世纪)，在周灭商之战中，周军进攻犬戎(今陕西武功东、兴平北，一说在今陕西凤翔一带)的作战。
文王时周人统治中心在邪岐一带，与西戎毗邻。犬戎是其中强大的一支。武丁时犬方是商之属国，常参与攻打叛商方国的战争。犬侯曾受命协同商人的多子族武装攻掠周方。文王为解除东攻商的后顾之忧，派周国军队进攻犬戎，终于取得胜利。
周王朝 (公元前1046 -前256）
西周的兴起，发展及兴亡：西周（公元前1046 - 公元前771年）从武王灭商建国，到幽王亡国，共历三百多年，是中华帝国的一个重要时期，也是中华古典文明的全盛时期，他的物质，精神文明对后世历史的发展有很深的影响。
先周是活动与中原西部黄土高原的一个古老部落。周人的始祖传说是「帝喾（音「库」kuˋ」元妃「姜嫄」的儿子「弃」。「弃」在「帝舜」时担任农师，号称「后稷」，教民耕稼有功，分封于邰。商朝初年，他的后代「公刘」率族人迁到磁。到古公「亶父」时，又迁到岐山南边的周原（今陕西岐山县）定居下来，逐渐发展成一个新兴的西部势力，自称为「周」。「古公」的幼子「季历」继位后，修行道义，发展生产，驱逐夷狄，力量更为强大，与商发生矛盾。商王「文丁」派人将季历杀死，「季历」的儿子「昌」继位。昌号称」西伯」，仁慈爱民，礼贤下士，天下士人都来投奔。周的发展，使商纣感到威胁，于是将西伯昌囚禁于羑里七年。
周人以珍宝和美女将西伯赎出，此后，在吕尚的辅佐下，西伯昌表面上耽于游乐，对「殷纣」十分驯服，实际上却更为积善修德，和悦百姓，大力发展生产，使更多的诸侯前来归附，进而征讨不驯服的诸侯和商的盟国，终于三分天下有其二，成为所谓的受命之主，而自称王，即周文王，并将都城迁到丰邑（今陕西长安西南沣水西岸）。九年，周文王逝世。其子发继位，称武王。他继续以吕尚为师，「周公旦」为辅，「召公」、「毕公」等人为主要助手，继续文王未尽的事业。将都城扩至沣水以东的「镐京」（今陕西长安县境），积极作灭商的准备。两年后，武王在盟津召集八百诸侯会师盟誓。文王受命第十一年十二月，武王兵出潼关，联合各方国诸侯，挥师东向，于次年二月甲子日在牧野打败商朝的军队，杀死殷纣王，史称「武王灭商」，建立了中国历史上最长的一个朝代「周朝」。周朝经历了三十七代天子，八百多年，到公元前二百六年，才被秦国灭掉。公元前770年， 平王迁都洛邑（今河南洛阳）。丰镐二京在西，洛邑在东，习惯上称公元前770年以前的周朝为西周，以后的为东周。
武王建周后，大封功臣谋士，如将「吕尚」封于「齐」，「周公旦」封于「鲁」，「召公奭」封于「燕」，叔「鲜」封于「管」，叔「度」封于「蔡」。据说，周初总计分封了七十一个诸侯国，其中兄弟之国十五，同姓之国四十。封邦建国的目的，是加强对各地的统治，并作为周王室的屏藩。诸侯再在自己的封地里分封卿大夫，卿大夫又在自己的封地里分封士，这样自上而下统治人民。武王死后，其子「诵」继位，为「成王」。成王年少，天下初定，「周公旦」恐怕诸侯不服，以王叔摄政。「管叔」、「蔡叔」不服，与殷纣之子「武庚」，带领淮夷，发动叛乱。
周公毅然率兵东征，平定了叛乱，诛杀了武庚和管叔，放逐了蔡叔，收伏了殷的余民。为了加强对东方的统治，周公奉成王之命负责营建「洛邑」的工作。洛邑建成后，成王亲自来到洛邑王城，大会天下诸侯和四夷君长，并将跟随武庚叛乱的殷遗民迁进「成周」，以便控制。周公还制澧作乐，建立了周朝的各项典章制度，确立了以宗法制度为中心的政治体制。成王曾亲自讨伐东夷，使东部得以安定。成王死后，继位的康王继承先王的事业，勤于政事，平易近民，刑罚几十年不用，社会更加安定。
武、成、康三代，政治清明，是周的黄金时代。但到第四代天子「昭王」时，就出现了危机。当时，王道微缺，「周昭王」贵为天子，南巡汉水时，却被船夫用特制的胶船暗算，葬身于鱼腹之中。「周穆王」继位后，为了恢复周王朝的威望，新设太仆一职，作为太御众仆之长，以加强王朝的中枢管理。他制定刑律，减轻刑罚，以加强对臣民的控制，施善政于天下。他西征犬戎，南摄夷人，对边远民族的侵扰进行积极的防御，制止了掠夺。穆王又曾东平「徐偃王」所率徐夷诸部的反叛，南讨「楚国」，大会诸侯于「涂山」。
「穆王」以后，周朝逐渐衰微，「共王」、「懿王」、「孝王」、「夷王」四代，由于周围戎狭的不断侵扰，王朝陷 入长期的战争之中，国力消耗很大，不得不加重对民众的剥削，国内矛盾日益尖锐。有的贵族也开始破产，而表现出对现实的愤懑。
长期的矛盾逐渐积累，使王朝产生了深刻的危机。在这种情况下继位的「周厉王」，不仅不采取安抚民众、发展民生的措施，反而任用佞臣，大肆挥霍，连年对外征战，变本加厉地剥夺，垄断山泽之利，引起民众的不满和议论。他就派巫师监视，杀死议论的人，使矛盾更为尖锐。三年以后，愤怒的镐京居民终于发起暴动，将「厉王」流放到「彘（音「至」 zhiˋ」，由「周公」和「召公」共同执掌政权，历史上称为「周召共和」。共和元年即公元前841年，中国历史从这一年开始有了明确而且连续不断的纪年。「周厉王」死后，他的儿子「宣王」整顿朝政，曾经使周王朝有所复兴。但到第十二代天子周幽王时，王朝的危机更为严重。关中地区发生地震、山崩和河水枯竭等严重自然灾害，周幽王不仅不抚恤灾民，反而更加奢侈腐化，贪得无厌。为了博得宠妃「褒姒」一笑，幽王举烽火欺骗诸侯前来勤王。最严重的问题是，幽王决定废去王后申氏，杀掉太子「宜臼」，另立「褒姒」为王后，立褒姒的儿子「伯服」为太子。「申」后的父亲申侯于是联合西方部族犬戎，举兵攻打周幽王，在骊山下杀死幽王，据走褒姒。幽王的儿子「宜臼」即位时，关中遭受兵火洗劫，残破不堪，犬戎又不时前来骚扰。「周平王」宜臼只得将都城迁到洛邑，史称「平王东迁」，东周开始。
周王朝帝系表
西周朝
文王-> 武王 -> 成王 -> 康王 -> 昭王 -> 穆王 -> 共王 -> 懿王 -> 孝王 ->夷王 -> 厉王 -> 共和行政 -> 宣王 -> 幽王
东周朝
平王宜臼 -> 桓王林 -> 庄王佗 -> 厘王胡齐 -> 惠王阆 ->襄王郑 -> 顷王壬臣 -> 匡王班 -> 定王瑜 ->简王夷 -> 灵王泄心 -> 景王贵 -> 悼王猛 ->敬王匄 -> 元王仁 -> 贞定王介 -> 哀王去疾 ->思王叔 -> 孝王嵬 -> 威烈王午 ->安王骄 ->烈王喜 -> 显王扁 -> 慎靓王定 -> 赧王延
功臣名将
姜尚，周公旦，召公奭
政治制度
西周的官制，更为繁杂。周王左右的辅佐为太师、太傅、太保，合称三公。三公之下有三事官（政务官、事务官和地方官）、四方（诸侯和方国、部族）和卿事寮。王朝官员为：总揽朝政的太宰、掌祭祠礼仪的太宗、掌历法记事的太史、掌祈祷的太祝、掌神事的人工、掌占卜的人卜，合称六卿，六卿的僚属，总称为卿事寮。王朝还有掌土地和农人的司徒、掌百工职事的司空、掌军赋军政的司马、掌版籍爵禄的司士、掌刑罚的司寇，合称五官。为王室服务的内廷事务官，有三公之佐的三少（少师、少傅、少保），有道、辅、弼、承四辅，有膳夫、缀衣、小臣、寺人、内竖、阍者、门尹、司王宥、火师、水师、大酋、太仆、御、右、萃车、趣马、师氏、虎资、舆人、医、艺人、隶人、太子宫尹等。在王畿外服的封国，称为四方，包括侯、甸、男等诸侯。王朝有时派使臣到诸侯国任监国。诸侯在自己的封国内仿照王室设置百官有司，成为相对独立的政权，主要有三事官，即司徒、司马、司空，分掌政务、司法和民事。周的各级主要官吏，都是在宗法制度基础上世袭，而且文武不分，平时治民，战时就是各级将领。周朝的地方制度，有国、都、邑、野、鄙。周王和诸侯的都城为国，诸侯国中的大城为都，小城为邑，此外的地方称为野或鄙。
经济文化
西周时，锋利的青铜农具得到较普遍的使用，进行了规模较大的垦殖和耕耘；原来的抛荒制被休耕制代替，土地利用率提高；沤治和施用绿肥，以火烧法防治病虫害，标志了田间管理的新水平。王朝中担任司稼的官员必须熟悉作物的不同品种及其适应地区，从而更好地指导农业生产。农作物品种增加，谷类有黍、稷、粟、禾、谷、梁、麦、稻等，豆类有菽，任菽、藿等，麻类有麻、苴、苎等。王朝特设场人，专管园圃，从事蔬菜、瓜果的生产。
西周比较重要的手工业都由王室和诸侯控制，众多的百工在司空的领导下负责管理各项手工业，其中最重要的仍然是青铜铸造业。其分布地区很广，生产能力扩大，效率和水平提高，铸造工艺改进。发明了一模翻制数范和焊接的技术。陶器业已逐渐采用快轮法，产品走向规格化。原始瓷片的烧成温度已达一千二百度以上，胎质更为细腻，施以青、黄绿二色釉，矿物组成已接近瓷器。能够生产石灰石──硅石琉璃。漆器制作逐渐普遍，器表夹苎，施以红、黑两种彩绘，颜色鲜艳，花纹精美。家蚕的饲养十分普遍，纺织成为农家的一项重要副业。丝织物有斜纹提花织品和刺绣品。已经掌握池水沤麻的微生物脱胶法，以便将纤维分离出来。
西周时，商业已成为社会经济不可缺少的部门，由官府垄断，设有质人之官作为市场的管理者。商贸的品种有奴隶、牛马、兵器、珍异等。西周的货币除贝以外，已开始使用青铜。
科学发展
中华科学、思想文化的源泉是《易》。作为儒家六经之一的《易经》，最早提出「天文」的定义。《周易》虽然成书于战国时期，但他表达的确实是周代型成的天命思想。《易》说：「观乎天文，以察时变，」《易．系辞》说：「天垂象，见吉凶，圣人象之。》等等，西周萌生的阴阳思想，对中国天文学的发展有着重要的影响。《周易》有很长的形成和发展过程。被后人称为河图、洛书的东西，是烧灼卜骨的表现，是远古先民在长期生活和占卜的实践中感悟出的理性思维和形象思维互相串连、互相渗透的反映。相传伏义氏将其归纳总结，对蓍草反复排列，而画为八卦，将天地间万物的现象都包括于其中，这是原始的易。后来，据说经过周文王的悉心钻研，将其规范化、条理化，演绎成六十四卦和三百八十四爻，有了卦辞、爻辞，人称《周易》。它以简单的图像和数字，以阴和阳的对立变化，来阐述纷纭繁复的社会现象，显示成千上万直至无穷的数字，具有以少示多，以简示繁，充满变化的特点。其所以称为「易」，郑玄解释有三义：一是简，二是变易，三是不易。就是讲万物之理有变有不变，现象在不断变化，而一些最基本的原则又具不会变的，这就从客观世界的辩证发展中抽象出了理论上十分丰富的朴素的辩证法。旧说到春秋后期，孔子对《周易》进行解释和论说，完成十翼，即《易传》。这样，《周易》就发展成为一部内容博大精深的阐述宇宙变化的哲学著作。
王后
太姒
子女
1伯邑考
2周武王
3管叔鲜
4周公旦
5蔡叔度
6曹叔振铎
7郕叔武（史记作“成叔武”）
8霍叔处
9卫康叔封
10聃季载（史记作“冉季载”）
以上为文王嫡子，太姒所生
11毛叔郑
12郜子
13雍子
14滕错叔绣
15毕公高
16原公
17酆侯
18郇侯
Their age: Shang Dynasty
Reign: 50 years (1105 BC - 1056 BC reign)
King Wen of Zhou is a descendant of the Yellow Emperor, descent is as follows:
Deeds
Calendar quarter after the death of his son JI Chang throne, he is a famous Emperor Wen of the future. He reigned for 50 years, the main contribution is to eliminate business well prepared. He is a very new business owners as the diligent conduct of public affairs, attaches importance to developing agricultural production, courteous, Kwong Lo talent, thanks to Jiang Shang for the army, division, asked the Israeli state plans so that the "third world, the other owned by week." The reign of King Wen, to the Shang Dynasty, an "Uncle Fang" appearance as the surface to submit to the Shang Dynasty, but secretly to prepare actively destroy business. He disintegrating Shang vassal, and the National for the successful mediation of the danger, Rui Tian dispute between the two countries struggle to make a small country east of the river have come to join themselves, princes is regarded as replacing Shangzhou King Wen's "ordered the Monarch" . In Yu, Rui join themselves to the second year of King Wen to the northwest, southwest military forces, to destroy the establishment of a solid business behind. Then eastward, over the Yellow River offensive Society, Han River and other countries. Eastward along the Wei River, taking the Shang Dynasty in the middle of an important base for Chong Wei to eliminate the week on the road in the east of a barrier, and According to the fertile soil. The second year in cutting Chong, King Wen Feng Shui in the West Bank construction Fung Yap, the political center moved in abundance (now Xi'an Southwest). At this point, King Wen had completed all of the pincer business surrounded by the Zhou Dynasty Shang Dynasty have been formed on an aggressive offensive.
King Wen determined to eliminate business after his release. 1 offer for King Zhou, the request for exemption to torture, to obtain the trust, one side's visit to the talented, growing national strength. Hunting in the Wei river, he met up a year has grown old, gifted and frustrated Jiang Shang in the water to go fishing. King Wen talks with him, each on a very speculative, King Wen Jiang Shang understanding that there really was, let Jiangshang car and go with him, that the division establish common business strategy planning off. According to "Book of mass communications," said the reign of King Wen in the last seven years, did six events. Yu Rui first year of mediation between the two countries dispute. Yu (Shanxi flat land County) Rui (Shanxi Ruicheng) are the Shang Dynasty Western vassal; but they do not find the Shang kings ruled all Muzhou Wen Wang's prowess, seek adjudication of King Wen. According to "Book of Poetry cotton," said chapter Note: the two countries to see Zhou Yu Rui was "Gengzhe let River, Walker give way," "Differences between men and women, gray is not guidance and help," "persons to the doctor, doctor to the Qing, "with one gentleman. Two contrast, inner shame, Rui Yu, after returning to the dispute between the two countries have taken the initiative to do the busy field of processing, from solving disputes. The second year of the army attack Quanrong, defeated Xi Rong Zhu Yi, destroyed several small countries. Attack close to the third year (in this Lingtai County), lifting the north and west to worry about. Fourth annual "Hebrew suppress Li (in this mountain in Litang County)", the first five years of cutting Han River (Qinyang County, Henan Province today). Kan Li, cutting Han River is actually constituted a direct threat to business are Chaoge. Chong off the sixth year of the country (in this household canton Shaanxi). The capital of the Week by the Plain Qishan Wei Zhou Yuan Moving Eastward to establish Feng Jing (Chang'an County, Shaanxi Fenghe in this West Bank). (Book of Poetry ":" not only cutting in worship, for Yap in the Symphony. "Followed by expansion of forces to the south and the Yangtze River, Han River, Ru water basin, forming a" third world, there are the other "situation." Analects of Confucius Tabor, "say these words, it is clear Qi Zhou has control of half of the actual world, and Shang have been in extreme isolation.
King Wen of Zhou in Chinese history is a name jun saint, was later praised by the respected dynasties, "Book of Poetry" Poetry in Song.
Only in the Zhou dynasty of King Wen gossip, as the Duke of Zhou and Confucius was born out of two great figures, through their learning, inference interpretation, leaving only pass down. The images of the so-called no good and bad of the points, the analysis shows that people in good times, the face of adversity the right attitude and behavior and ways of doing things, scholars and writers through the ages the ruling class tradition, King Wen, "The Book of Changes" has become China's Bible the source of philosophers, and even into people's daily lives are closely linked with it.
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Battle of King Wen of Zhou attack Quanrong
Zhou Dynasty (1046 BC - the former 256)
Zhou Dynasty treasures and beauty to the Hebrew ransom, then, in the Shang's adjuvant, the Hebrew Chang surface indulge in pleasure, the "Yan Zhou" very tame, in fact it is more charitable and virtue, and the Yue people, to develop production, so more come to join themselves to princes, and then campaign against recalcitrant feudal lords and business allies, and finally there is the other third of the world, to become the Lord of the so-called ordered, while claiming to be King, that King Wen of Zhou, and moved to the capital Fung Yap (now Feng Shui Shaanxi Chang'an Southwest West Bank). Nine years, King Wen of Zhou's death. Send his son to the throne, King Wu said. He continued to Shang for the division, "Duke once" secondary, "called the public", "complete the public" and other man-made main assistant, to continue the unfinished business of King Wen. Feng Shui will be extended to the east of the capital, "Gao Jing" (now Shaanxi Chang'an canton), and actively prepare for destruction business. Two years later, King Wu-chun called 800 in the Union vows princes joined forces. Ordered the 10th year of King Wen in December, Wu Wangbing out Tongguan uniting of the various countries princes commanded the troops on the east, in the following year in February Jiazi at Makino's army defeated the Shang Dynasty, the king killed Yan Zhou, known to history as "King Wu off-business ", the longest in Chinese history built a dynasty," Zhou Dynasty. " Experienced a 37 on behalf of the Zhou Dynasty emperor, 800 years to 200 years BC, was the Qin exterminate. 770 BC, King Ping moved the capital to Luoyi (now Luoyang, Henan). Fenggao 2 Beijing in the West, Los eup in the East, traditionally called 770 BC before the Zhou Dynasty to the Western Zhou Dynasty, the future for the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.
Long-term gradual accumulation of contradictions, so that dynasty had a profound crisis. In this case, to the throne of "King Li of Zhou", not only does not take to pacify the people, the development of people's livelihood measures, instead appointing eloquent minister, spending, year after year foreign wars of conquest and step away, to benefit from monopoly Shanze aroused public discontent and discussions. He sent the shaman surveillance, killing people who talk so that conflicts more acute. Three years later, angry residents finally riots Gao Jing, the "Li Wang" banished to the "pig (sound" to "zhi", from "Duke" and "public call" common exercising political power, history, known as the "Zhou Zhao republic. "republic that is the first year of 841 BC, Chinese history, beginning from this year, with clear and continuous Annals." Zhou Li Wang, "after the death of his son," Xuan Wang "rectify affairs of state, had to Zhou dynasty had The Renaissance. but the 12th generation of the Son of Heaven Week You Wang, the dynasty of the crisis more severe. Guanzhong region earthquakes, landslides and severe natural disasters such as water depletion, Zhou You Wang not only compensating the victims, but more extravagant corruption and greed. to Chong Fei won the "concubine" smile, You Wang loyalist held war to deceive princes to come. The most serious problem is that You Wang Wang Houshen's decision to pass away, kill the prince "should mortar" separate "concubine" as the Queen, the Legislative concubine's son, "Bo-service" as the Prince. "application" after his father was co-western tribal Quan Rong Shen Hou, state sent troops across to attack Zhou You Wang, at the foot of the mountain killing You Wang Li, it was going concubine. You Wang's son "should acetabular "throne, closing the looting suffered Binghuo, dilapidated, Quanrong harassment from time to time to come." King Ping of Zhou "should only be the capital moved to Los acetabular eup, known to history as" King Ping Moving Eastward, "Eastern Zhou Dynasty began.
Zhou Wang Zhaodi system table
Eastern Zhou Dynasty
Jiang Shang, Zhou Gong Dan, Zhao Gong shi
The official system of the Western Zhou Dynasty, more complicated. Zhou Wang about adjuvant for the Grand Preceptor, Tutor, Pacific Insurance, collectively known as Excellencies. Excellencies, three things under the official (government officials, business officials and local officials), Quartet (nobility and the party States, tribes) and Qing Liu things. Dynasty officials: Osamu commanding the court politics, palm rituals ritual Taizong, palm calendar notes of Taishi, prayer Taizhu palm, artificial palm things of God, who charge of divination Pu, collectively, six ministers, six ministers of the Liao Shu, as a matter of total Qing Liu. Dynasty also palm land and the farmer's Szeto, entertainment industry for decades the ministry Sagong palm, palm army military Sima Fu, palm version of the Division membership Peerage and persons, the penalty charge of Sikou, collectively known as features. Inner court matters for the royal family service officer, the junior has Sangong three small (less division, Shao Fu, less security), hence the saying, auxiliary, Bute, bearing four secondary, there Kashihade, decorated clothing, Xiaochen, Temple who within the vertical, Hunzhe, door Yin, Wang You-Secretary, fire division, navy, large Emirates, Tai Pu, Royal, right, extraction cars, fun horse, Master's, Hu information, opinion of people, doctors, artists, belong to people , Yin and so too the uterus. Ji closure in the country outside the service, known as the Quartet, including Hou, Austin, princes and other men. Dynasty sometimes sent envoys to the country vassal state prison term. Princes in their own closed set Baiguan Yuji royal domestic modeled as independent power, mainly three things official, that Szeto, Sima, SI Kong, sub-charge of government, judicial and civil. Weeks, the main officials at all levels, are the basis of hereditary patriarchal system, and civil and military, regardless, usually rule the people, war is all levels of generals. Chou local system, there are States, have, eup, wild, vulgar. Zhou Wang and princes of the capital for the country, as the vassal state of the cities are, a small town for the eup, also known as wild or lowly place.
Economic and cultural
Western Zhou Dynasty, the business has become an indispensable social and economic sectors, the official monopoly, the government has the quality of people as the market manager. Slave trade of the varieties, oxen and horses, weapons, Rare, etc.. In addition to the Western Zhou currency other than shellfish, have begun to use bronze.
Chinese science, ideology and culture of the source is "easy." As one of the Confucian Classics "Book of Changes", the earliest that "astronomical" definition. "Book of Changes" Although written in the Warring States period, but he is really the expression of type into the fate Zhou thinking. "Easy", said: "Judging from astronomy to detect time-varying," "easy. Copulative "said:" Days like hanging, see good and bad, like the saints. "And so on, thinking of the West Zhou Mengsheng of yin and yang, the development of astronomy in China has an important impact." Book of Changes, "a long process of formation and development. Be later known as the Creek map, Luo Shu things, the performance is burning Bogu is ancient ancestors long life and fortune in the practice of the sentiment of rational thinking and thinking in images to link with each other, reflect each other infiltration. According to legend, V Yi's to sum up repeatedly on the arrangement of yarrow, and painting for the gossip, the phenomenon of nature is all included in one, this is the original easily. Later, through the King Wen of Zhou is said that the careful studying, to standardized, structured oriented, interpreted as 64 hexagrams and 384 Yao, with diagrams speech, Ci, called the "Book of Changes." It is a simple image and figures to change yin and yang of the opposition to explain complex and diverse society , shows that the number of tens of thousands up to infinity, has to show little more than to simply show complex, the characteristics of change. its so called "easy" Xuan explained there are three aspects: First, Jane, second shift, three difficult. Speak of the myriad things that have changed are the same, ever-changing phenomenon, and some basic principles will not change with another, which from the objective world, the dialectical development of abstract theory, a very rich out of simple dialectics. Old said the late Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius, the "Book of Changes" interpretation and discourse, to complete 10 wing, that is, "Yi." In this way, "Book of Changes" on the development of a profound exposition of the contents of the universe of a change in philosophy.
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4 Zhougongdan
7 Cheng Shu Wu (Records as "as Uncle Wu")
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12 Gao child
15 graduates of public high
18 Xun Hou