| 姓： | 姬 | |||||||||
| 名： | 昌 | |||||||||
| ||||||||||
謚號：（周）文王
壽命：97歲
所屬年代：商代
出生年月：前1152年農歷九月十五日
去世年月：前1056年
在位：50年（約前1105年—約前1056年在位）
相關事件：文王羑裏演周易，武王伐紂
相關人物：周武王， 商紂王
周文王是黃帝的後裔，世係如下：
黃帝軒轅氏——少昊金天氏——蟜極——帝嚳高辛氏——後稷（周始祖，西伯）——不窋——鞠——公劉——慶節——皇僕——差弗——毀隃（毀渝）——公非（公卯）——高圉——亞圉——公叔祖類——周太王古公亶父——季歷——周文王姬昌。
武則天改國號周時，自稱武傢為姬昌後代，追尊周文王為南周始祖文皇帝。周文王，商未周族領袖。姬姓，名昌，商紂時封為西伯，亦稱伯昌。任西伯五十年，國力大盛。收附虞、芮兩國；攻滅黎（今山西長治）、邗（今河南沁陽）、崇（今河南嵩縣）等國，建都豐邑（屬今陝西長安），為武王滅商奠基。舊傳《周易》為其所演。
事跡
中國商代末年西方諸侯之長。姬姓 ，名昌。周太王之孫，季歷之子。商紂時為西伯，即西部諸侯（方國）之長。亦稱西伯昌。相傳西伯在位五十年，已為翦商大業作好充分準備，但未及出師便先期死去。周人謚西伯為文王。其次子姬發繼位，是為周武王。
季歷死後，其子姬昌繼位，他就是日後著名的周文王。他在位50年，主要功績是為滅商做好了充分準備。他是很有作為的創業主，勤於政事，重視發展農業生産，禮賢下士，廣羅人才，拜姜尚為軍師，問以軍國大計，使“天下三分，其二歸周”。文王在位，以商朝的一個“方伯”的面目出現，表面上臣服於商朝，暗地裏卻積極進行滅商的準備。他分化瓦解商朝的附庸，爭取與國，成功地調解了虞、芮兩國爭田糾紛，使河東小國紛紛前來歸附，諸侯都把文王看成是以取代商紂的“受命之君”。在虞、芮歸附的第二年，文王嚮西北、西南用兵，為滅商建立了鞏固的後方。接着嚮東發展，過黃河進攻耆、邗等國。沿渭水東進，攻占了商朝在渭水中遊的重要據點崇，掃除了周在東進道路上的一個障礙，並且據有關中的膏腴之地。在伐崇的第二年，文王在灃水西岸營建豐邑，把政治中心遷於豐（今西安市西南）。至此，文王已完成了對商都的鉗形包圍，周人對商朝已經形成咄咄逼人的攻勢。
商紂時為西伯，建國於岐山之下，積善行仁，政化大行，因崇侯虎嚮紂王進讒言，而被囚於羑裏，後得釋歸。益行仁政，天下諸侯多歸從，子武王有天下後，追尊為周文王，商末諸侯首領，史稱西北侯，追封為周文王。遵後稷、公劉之業，則先祖古公、父親季歷之法，倡導篤仁、敬老、慈少、禮賢下士的社會風氣，使其領地的社會經濟得以發展。與其子姬發在寶雞蟠溪釣魚臺聘姜尚為軍師，自岐山起兵率軍攻伐殷商，是西周王朝的開創者。發明“文王八卦”和“文王六十四卦”，流傳於世，《史記》記載“文王拘而演周易”，被商王囚禁期間在獄中寫了《周易》一書，在位50年。
武則天改唐國號為周時，追尊周文王為南周始祖文皇帝。
《史記·周本紀》說他能繼承後稷、公劉開創的事業，仿效祖父古公直父和父親季歷製定的法度，實行仁政，敬老愛幼，禮賢下土，治理岐山下的周族根據地。在治岐期間，對內奉行德治，提倡“懷保小民”，大力發展農業生産，采用“九一而助”的政策，即劃分田地，讓農民助耕公田，納九分之一的稅。商人往來不收關稅，有人犯罪妻子不連坐等，實行着封建制度初期的政治，即裕民政治，就是徵收租稅有節制，讓農民有所積蓄，以刺激勞動興趣。對外招賢納士，許多外部落的人才以及從商紂王朝來投奔的賢士，他都以禮相待，予以任用。如伯夷、叔齊、太顛、閎夭、散宜生、鬻熊、辛甲等人，都先後歸附在姬昌部下稱臣。姬昌自己生活勤儉，穿普通人衣服，還到田間勞動，兢兢業業治理自己的國傢。岐周在他的治理下，國力日漸強大。
西周國力增強壯大，引起商王朝的不安。商紂王的親信讒臣崇侯虎，暗中嚮紂王進言說，西伯侯到處行善，樹立自己的威信，諸侯都嚮往他，恐怕不利於商王。紂王於是將姬昌拘於羑裏（今河南湯陰縣）。他在囚禁中，精心致力“演易之六十四卦，各為彖。”周臣閎夭等人為營救文王出獄，搜求美女、寶馬、珠玉獻給紂王。紂王見了大喜：“僅此一物（指美女）就足夠了，何況寶物如之多！”於是下令赦免文王出獄。並賞給他弓、矢、斧、鉞，授權他討伐不聽命的諸侯。這就是史書中說的文王“羑裏之厄”。
文王出獄後下决心滅商。一面嚮紂王獻地，請求免除酷刑，取得信任，一面訪賢任能，壯大國力。他出獵在渭水河邊巧遇年已垂老、懷才不遇的姜尚在水邊釣魚。文王同他談話，相互談得很投機，文王瞭解姜尚確有真纔，便讓姜尚與他同車而歸，立以為師，共同籌劃滅商策略。據《尚書大傳》說文王在位的最後七年中幹了六件大事。頭一年調解虞芮兩國糾紛。虞（山西平陸縣）芮（山西芮城）都是商王朝西方屬國；可是他們不找商王裁决，都慕周文王的威名，求文王審斷。據《詩經·大雅·綿》篇註說：虞芮兩國看到周國是“耕者讓其畔，行者讓路”，“男女異路，斑白不提攜”，“ 士讓為大夫，大夫讓為卿”，一派君子之風。兩相對比，內心羞愧，回國之後虞芮兩國都主動將所爭之地做了閑田處理，糾紛從此解决。第二年出兵伐犬戎，戰敗西戎諸夷，滅了幾個小國。第三年攻打密須（在今甘肅靈臺縣），解除了北邊和西邊後顧之憂。第四年“西伯戡黎（在今山西黎城縣）”，第五年伐邗（在今河南沁陽縣）。戡黎、伐邗實際上是構成了對商都朝歌的直接威脅。第六年滅崇國（在今陝西戶縣境）。將周的都城由岐山周原東遷渭水平原，建立灃京（在今陝西長安縣灃河西岸）。（詩經·大雅》：“既伐於崇、作邑於灃。”接着又嚮南擴展勢力到長江、漢江、汝水流域，形成了“三分天下有其二”的形勢。《論語·泰伯》講的這句話，即說明岐周實際已控製了大半個天下，而殷商已處於極端孤立的境地。
就在這大功即將垂成之際，姬昌不幸死去。《尚書·無逸》和《呂氏春秋·製樂》都說他享國50年，稱王前立國43年。死後葬於畢（指陝西長安縣與鹹陽之間渭水南北岸，境域較廣）。
周文王在中國歷史上是一位名君聖人，被後世歷代所稱頌敬仰，《詩經·大雅》中有頌詩。
六十四卦
相傳在上古時，伏羲氏創造了先天易（也叫先天八卦），神農氏創造成了連山易（也叫連山八卦），軒轅氏創造了歸藏易（也叫歸藏八卦）。在他們的同時和以前，還有誰創造成了什麽易，我們不得而知。說起來，以上從伏羲到神農到軒轅,就是一種文化的承傳。現在巫教、佛教、道教的教義中，甚至在民間，還遺存有先天易、連山易、歸藏易、周易中的一些很神奇的秘傳，但是也沒有這一方面的專人去搜集整理。
衹有在周朝時的文王八卦，因為誕生出了周公和孔子兩個偉大的人物,經過他們的學習，推論解讀，纔留傳了下來。所謂卦象，並無吉兇之分，是分析說明人在順境，逆境之中的正確態度和行為準則與處事方法，經過歷代文人學者與統治階層的傳承，文王《周易》成了中國的聖經，諸子百傢之源，乃至到人們的日常生活都與之有着密切的聯繫。
兩兩重複排列為六十四卦。卦名是：
乾﹑ 坤﹑ 屯﹑ 蒙﹑ 需﹑ 訟﹑ 師﹑ 比、
小畜﹑履﹑ 泰﹑ 否﹑ 同人﹑大有﹑謙﹑ 豫﹑
隨﹑ 蠱﹑ 臨﹑ 觀﹑ 噬嗑﹑賁﹑ 剝﹑ 復﹑
無妄﹑大畜﹑頤﹑ 大過﹑坎﹑ 離﹑ 鹹﹑ 恆﹑
遁﹑ 大壯﹑晉﹑ 明夷﹑傢人﹑睽﹑ 蹇﹑ 解﹑
損﹑ 益﹑ 夬﹑ 姤﹑ 萃﹑ 升﹑ 睏﹑ 井﹑
革、 鼎﹑ 震﹑ 艮﹑ 漸、 歸妹﹑豐、 旅﹑
巽﹑ 兌、 渙﹑ 節﹑ 中孚﹑小過﹑既濟﹑未濟。
乾為天、坤為地、水雷屯、山水蒙、水天需、天水訟、地水師、水地比、
風天小畜、天澤履、地天泰、天地否、天火同人、火天大有、地山謙、雷地豫、
澤雷隨、山風蠱、地澤臨、風地觀、火雷噬嗑、山火賁、山地剝、地雷復、
天雷旡妄、山天大畜、山雷頤、澤風大過、坎為水、離為火、澤山鹹、雷風恆、
天山遯、雷天大壯、火地晉、地火明夷、、風火傢人、火澤睽、水山蹇、雷水解、
山澤損、風雷益、澤天夬、天風姤、澤地萃、地風升、澤水睏、水風井、
澤火革、火風鼎、震為雷、艮為山、風山漸、雷澤歸妹、雷火豐、火山旅、
巽為風、兌為澤、風水渙、水澤節、風澤中孚、雷山小過、水火既濟、火水未濟
周文王攻犬戎之戰
商王帝辛時期(約公元前11世紀)，在周滅商之戰中，周軍進攻犬戎(今陝西武功東、興平北，一說在今陝西鳳翔一帶)的作戰。
文王時周人統治中心在邪岐一帶，與西戎毗鄰。犬戎是其中強大的一支。武丁時犬方是商之屬國，常參與攻打叛商方國的戰爭。犬侯曾受命協同商人的多子族武裝攻掠周方。文王為解除東攻商的後顧之憂，派周國軍隊進攻犬戎，終於取得勝利。
周王朝 (公元前1046 -前256）
西周的興起，發展及興亡：西周（公元前1046 - 公元前771年）從武王滅商建國，到幽王亡國，共歷三百多年，是中華帝國的一個重要時期，也是中華古典文明的全盛時期，他的物質，精神文明對後世歷史的發展有很深的影響。
先周是活動與中原西部黃土高原的一個古老部落。周人的始祖傳說是「帝嚳（音「庫」kuˋ」元妃「姜嫄」的兒子「棄」。「棄」在「帝舜」時擔任農師，號稱「後稷」，教民耕稼有功，分封於邰。商朝初年，他的後代「公劉」率族人遷到磁。到古公「亶父」時，又遷到岐山南邊的周原（今陝西岐山縣）定居下來，逐漸發展成一個新興的西部勢力，自稱為「周」。「古公」的幼子「季歷」繼位後，修行道義，發展生産，驅逐夷狄，力量更為強大，與商發生矛盾。商王「文丁」派人將季歷殺死，「季歷」的兒子「昌」繼位。昌號稱」西伯」，仁慈愛民，禮賢下士，天下士人都來投奔。周的發展，使商紂感到威脅，於是將西伯昌囚禁於羑裏七年。
周人以珍寶和美女將西伯贖出，此後，在呂尚的輔佐下，西伯昌表面上耽於遊樂，對「殷紂」十分馴服，實際上卻更為積善修德，和悅百姓，大力發展生産，使更多的諸侯前來歸附，進而徵討不馴服的諸侯和商的盟國，終於三分天下有其二，成為所謂的受命之主，而自稱王，即周文王，並將都城遷到豐邑（今陝西長安西南灃水西岸）。九年，周文王逝世。其子發繼位，稱武王。他繼續以呂尚為師，「周公旦」為輔，「召公」、「畢公」等人為主要助手，繼續文王未盡的事業。將都城擴至灃水以東的「鎬京」（今陝西長安縣境），積極作滅商的準備。兩年後，武王在盟津召集八百諸侯會師盟誓。文王受命第十一年十二月，武王兵出潼關，聯合各方國諸侯，揮師東嚮，於次年二月甲子日在牧野打敗商朝的軍隊，殺死殷紂王，史稱「武王滅商」，建立了中國歷史上最長的一個朝代「周朝」。周朝經歷了三十七代天子，八百多年，到公元前二百六年，纔被秦國滅掉。公元前770年， 平王遷都洛邑（今河南洛陽）。豐鎬二京在西，洛邑在東，習慣上稱公元前770年以前的周朝為西周，以後的為東周。
武王建周後，大封功臣謀士，如將「呂尚」封於「齊」，「周公旦」封於「魯」，「召公奭」封於「燕」，叔「鮮」封於「管」，叔「度」封於「蔡」。據說，周初總計分封了七十一個諸侯國，其中兄弟之國十五，同姓之國四十。封邦建國的目的，是加強對各地的統治，並作為周王室的屏藩。諸侯再在自己的封地裏分封卿大夫，卿大夫又在自己的封地裏分封士，這樣自上而下統治人民。武王死後，其子「誦」繼位，為「成王」。成王年少，天下初定，「周公旦」恐怕諸侯不服，以王叔攝政。「管叔」、「蔡叔」不服，與殷紂之子「武庚」，帶領淮夷，發動叛亂。
周公毅然率兵東徵，平定了叛亂，誅殺了武庚和管叔，放逐了蔡叔，收伏了殷的餘民。為了加強對東方的統治，周公奉成王之命負責營建「洛邑」的工作。洛邑建成後，成王親自來到洛邑王城，大會天下諸侯和四夷君長，並將跟隨武庚叛亂的殷遺民遷進「成周」，以便控製。周公還製澧作樂，建立了周朝的各項典章制度，確立了以宗法制度為中心的政治體製。成王曾親自討伐東夷，使東部得以安定。成王死後，繼位的康王繼承先王的事業，勤於政事，平易近民，刑罰幾十年不用，社會更加安定。
武、成、康三代，政治清明，是周的黃金時代。但到第四代天子「昭王」時，就出現了危機。當時，王道微缺，「周昭王」貴為天子，南巡漢水時，卻被船夫用特製的膠船暗算，葬身於魚腹之中。「周穆王」繼位後，為了恢復周王朝的威望，新設太僕一職，作為太禦衆僕之長，以加強王朝的中樞管理。他製定刑律，減輕刑罰，以加強對臣民的控製，施善政於天下。他西徵犬戎，南攝夷人，對邊遠民族的侵擾進行積極的防禦，製止了掠奪。穆王又曾東平「徐偃王」所率徐夷諸部的反叛，南討「楚國」，大會諸侯於「塗山」。
「穆王」以後，周朝逐漸衰微，「共王」、「懿王」、「孝王」、「夷王」四代，由於周圍戎狹的不斷侵擾，王朝陷 入長期的戰爭之中，國力消耗很大，不得不加重對民衆的剝削，國內矛盾日益尖銳。有的貴族也開始破産，而表現出對現實的憤懣。
長期的矛盾逐漸積纍，使王朝産生了深刻的危機。在這種情況下繼位的「周厲王」，不僅不采取安撫民衆、發展民生的措施，反而任用佞臣，大肆揮霍，連年對外徵戰，變本加厲地剝奪，壟斷山澤之利，引起民衆的不滿和議論。他就派巫師監視，殺死議論的人，使矛盾更為尖銳。三年以後，憤怒的鎬京居民終於發起暴動，將「厲王」流放到「彘（音「至」 zhiˋ」，由「周公」和「召公」共同執掌政權，歷史上稱為「周召共和」。共和元年即公元前841年，中國歷史從這一年開始有了明確而且連續不斷的紀年。「周厲王」死後，他的兒子「宣王」整頓朝政，曾經使周王朝有所復興。但到第十二代天子周幽王時，王朝的危機更為嚴重。關中地區發生地震、山崩和河水枯竭等嚴重自然災害，周幽王不僅不撫恤災民，反而更加奢侈腐化，貪得無厭。為了博得寵妃「褒姒」一笑，幽王舉烽火欺騙諸侯前來勤王。最嚴重的問題是，幽王决定廢去王後申氏，殺掉太子「宜臼」，另立「褒姒」為王後，立褒姒的兒子「伯服」為太子。「申」後的父親申侯於是聯合西方部族犬戎，舉兵攻打周幽王，在驪山下殺死幽王，據走褒姒。幽王的兒子「宜臼」即位時，關中遭受兵火洗劫，殘破不堪，犬戎又不時前來騷擾。「周平王」宜臼衹得將都城遷到洛邑，史稱「平王東遷」，東周開始。
周王朝帝係表
西周朝
文王-> 武王 -> 成王 -> 康王 -> 昭王 -> 穆王 -> 共王 -> 懿王 -> 孝王 ->夷王 -> 厲王 -> 共和行政 -> 宣王 -> 幽王
東周朝
平王宜臼 -> 桓王林 -> 莊王佗 -> 釐王鬍齊 -> 惠王閬 ->襄王鄭 -> 頃王壬臣 -> 匡王班 -> 定王瑜 ->簡王夷 -> 靈王泄心 -> 景王貴 -> 悼王猛 ->敬王匄 -> 元王仁 -> 貞定王介 -> 哀王去疾 ->思王叔 -> 孝王嵬 -> 威烈王午 ->安王驕 ->烈王喜 -> 顯王扁 -> 慎靚王定 -> 赧王延
功臣名將
姜尚，周公旦，召公奭
政治制度
西周的官製，更為繁雜。周王左右的輔佐為太師、太傅、太保，合稱三公。三公之下有三事官（政務官、事務官和地方官）、四方（諸侯和方國、部族）和卿事寮。王朝官員為：總攬朝政的太宰、掌祭祠禮儀的太宗、掌歷法記事的太史、掌祈禱的太祝、掌神事的人工、掌占卜的人卜，合稱六卿，六卿的僚屬，總稱為卿事寮。王朝還有掌土地和農人的司徒、掌百工職事的司空、掌軍賦軍政的司馬、掌版籍爵祿的司士、掌刑罰的司寇，合稱五官。為王室服務的內廷事務官，有三公之佐的三少（少師、少傅、少保），有道、輔、弼、承四輔，有膳夫、綴衣、小臣、寺人、內竪、閽者、門尹、司王宥、火師、水師、大酋、太僕、禦、右、萃車、趣馬、師氏、虎資、輿人、醫、藝人、隸人、太子宮尹等。在王畿外服的封國，稱為四方，包括侯、甸、男等諸侯。王朝有時派使臣到諸侯國任監國。諸侯在自己的封國內仿照王室設置百官有司，成為相對獨立的政權，主要有三事官，即司徒、司馬、司空，分掌政務、司法和民事。周的各級主要官吏，都是在宗法制度基礎上世襲，而且文武不分，平時治民，戰時就是各級將領。周朝的地方制度，有國、都、邑、野、鄙。周王和諸侯的都城為國，諸侯國中的大城為都，小城為邑，此外的地方稱為野或鄙。
經濟文化
西周時，鋒利的青銅農具得到較普遍的使用，進行了規模較大的墾殖和耕耘；原來的拋荒製被休耕製代替，土地利用率提高；漚治和施用緑肥，以火燒法防治病蟲害，標志了田間管理的新水平。王朝中擔任司稼的官員必須熟悉作物的不同品種及其適應地區，從而更好地指導農業生産。農作物品種增加，𠔌類有黍、稷、粟、禾、𠔌、梁、麥、稻等，豆類有菽，任菽、藿等，麻類有麻、苴、苎等。王朝特設場人，專管園圃，從事蔬菜、瓜果的生産。
西周比較重要的手工業都由王室和諸侯控製，衆多的百工在司空的領導下負責管理各項手工業，其中最重要的仍然是青銅鑄造業。其分佈地區很廣，生産能力擴大，效率和水平提高，鑄造工藝改進。發明了一模翻製數範和焊接的技術。陶器業已逐漸采用快輪法，産品走嚮規格化。原始瓷片的燒成溫度已達一千二百度以上，胎質更為細膩，施以青、黃緑二色釉，礦物組成已接近瓷器。能夠生産石灰石──硅石琉璃。漆器製作逐漸普遍，器表夾苎，施以紅、黑兩種彩繪，顔色鮮豔，花紋精美。傢蠶的飼養十分普遍，紡織成為農傢的一項重要副業。絲織物有斜紋提花織品和刺綉品。已經掌握池水漚麻的微生物脫膠法，以便將纖維分離出來。
西周時，商業已成為社會經濟不可缺少的部門，由官府壟斷，設有質人之官作為市場的管理者。商貿的品種有奴隸、牛馬、兵器、珍異等。西周的貨幣除貝以外，已開始使用青銅。
科學發展
中華科學、思想文化的源泉是《易》。作為儒傢六經之一的《易經》，最早提出「天文」的定義。《周易》雖然成書於戰國時期，但他表達的確實是周代型成的天命思想。《易》說：「觀乎天文，以察時變，」《易．係辭》說：「天垂象，見吉兇，聖人象之。》等等，西周萌生的陰陽思想，對中國天文學的發展有着重要的影響。《周易》有很長的形成和發展過程。被後人稱為河圖、洛書的東西，是燒灼卜骨的表現，是遠古先民在長期生活和占卜的實踐中感悟出的理性思維和形象思維互相串連、互相滲透的反映。相傳伏義氏將其歸納總結，對蓍草反復排列，而畫為八卦，將天地間萬物的現象都包括於其中，這是原始的易。後來，據說經過周文王的悉心鑽研，將其規範化、條理化，演繹成六十四卦和三百八十四爻，有了卦辭、爻辭，人稱《周易》。它以簡單的圖像和數字，以陰和陽的對立變化，來闡述紛紜繁復的社會現象，顯示成千上萬直至無窮的數字，具有以少示多，以簡示繁，充滿變化的特點。其所以稱為「易」，鄭玄解釋有三義：一是簡，二是變易，三是不易。就是講萬物之理有變有不變，現象在不斷變化，而一些最基本的原則又具不會變的，這就從客觀世界的辯證發展中抽象出了理論上十分豐富的樸素的辯證法。舊說到春秋後期，孔子對《周易》進行解釋和論說，完成十翼，即《易傳》。這樣，《周易》就發展成為一部內容博大精深的闡述宇宙變化的哲學著作。
王後
太姒
子女
1伯邑考
2周武王
3管叔鮮
4周公旦
5蔡叔度
6曹叔振鐸
7郕叔武（史記作“成叔武”）
8霍叔處
9衛康叔封
10聃季載（史記作“冉季載”）
以上為文王嫡子，太姒所生
11毛叔鄭
12郜子
13雍子
14滕錯叔綉
15畢公高
16原公
17酆侯
18郇侯
Their age: Shang Dynasty
Reign: 50 years (1105 BC - 1056 BC reign)
King Wen of Zhou is a descendant of the Yellow Emperor, descent is as follows:
Deeds
Calendar quarter after the death of his son JI Chang throne, he is a famous Emperor Wen of the future. He reigned for 50 years, the main contribution is to eliminate business well prepared. He is a very new business owners as the diligent conduct of public affairs, attaches importance to developing agricultural production, courteous, Kwong Lo talent, thanks to Jiang Shang for the army, division, asked the Israeli state plans so that the "third world, the other owned by week." The reign of King Wen, to the Shang Dynasty, an "Uncle Fang" appearance as the surface to submit to the Shang Dynasty, but secretly to prepare actively destroy business. He disintegrating Shang vassal, and the National for the successful mediation of the danger, Rui Tian dispute between the two countries struggle to make a small country east of the river have come to join themselves, princes is regarded as replacing Shangzhou King Wen's "ordered the Monarch" . In Yu, Rui join themselves to the second year of King Wen to the northwest, southwest military forces, to destroy the establishment of a solid business behind. Then eastward, over the Yellow River offensive Society, Han River and other countries. Eastward along the Wei River, taking the Shang Dynasty in the middle of an important base for Chong Wei to eliminate the week on the road in the east of a barrier, and According to the fertile soil. The second year in cutting Chong, King Wen Feng Shui in the West Bank construction Fung Yap, the political center moved in abundance (now Xi'an Southwest). At this point, King Wen had completed all of the pincer business surrounded by the Zhou Dynasty Shang Dynasty have been formed on an aggressive offensive.
King Wen determined to eliminate business after his release. 1 offer for King Zhou, the request for exemption to torture, to obtain the trust, one side's visit to the talented, growing national strength. Hunting in the Wei river, he met up a year has grown old, gifted and frustrated Jiang Shang in the water to go fishing. King Wen talks with him, each on a very speculative, King Wen Jiang Shang understanding that there really was, let Jiangshang car and go with him, that the division establish common business strategy planning off. According to "Book of mass communications," said the reign of King Wen in the last seven years, did six events. Yu Rui first year of mediation between the two countries dispute. Yu (Shanxi flat land County) Rui (Shanxi Ruicheng) are the Shang Dynasty Western vassal; but they do not find the Shang kings ruled all Muzhou Wen Wang's prowess, seek adjudication of King Wen. According to "Book of Poetry cotton," said chapter Note: the two countries to see Zhou Yu Rui was "Gengzhe let River, Walker give way," "Differences between men and women, gray is not guidance and help," "persons to the doctor, doctor to the Qing, "with one gentleman. Two contrast, inner shame, Rui Yu, after returning to the dispute between the two countries have taken the initiative to do the busy field of processing, from solving disputes. The second year of the army attack Quanrong, defeated Xi Rong Zhu Yi, destroyed several small countries. Attack close to the third year (in this Lingtai County), lifting the north and west to worry about. Fourth annual "Hebrew suppress Li (in this mountain in Litang County)", the first five years of cutting Han River (Qinyang County, Henan Province today). Kan Li, cutting Han River is actually constituted a direct threat to business are Chaoge. Chong off the sixth year of the country (in this household canton Shaanxi). The capital of the Week by the Plain Qishan Wei Zhou Yuan Moving Eastward to establish Feng Jing (Chang'an County, Shaanxi Fenghe in this West Bank). (Book of Poetry ":" not only cutting in worship, for Yap in the Symphony. "Followed by expansion of forces to the south and the Yangtze River, Han River, Ru water basin, forming a" third world, there are the other "situation." Analects of Confucius Tabor, "say these words, it is clear Qi Zhou has control of half of the actual world, and Shang have been in extreme isolation.
King Wen of Zhou in Chinese history is a name jun saint, was later praised by the respected dynasties, "Book of Poetry" Poetry in Song.
Only in the Zhou dynasty of King Wen gossip, as the Duke of Zhou and Confucius was born out of two great figures, through their learning, inference interpretation, leaving only pass down. The images of the so-called no good and bad of the points, the analysis shows that people in good times, the face of adversity the right attitude and behavior and ways of doing things, scholars and writers through the ages the ruling class tradition, King Wen, "The Book of Changes" has become China's Bible the source of philosophers, and even into people's daily lives are closely linked with it.
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Battle of King Wen of Zhou attack Quanrong
Zhou Dynasty (1046 BC - the former 256)
Zhou Dynasty treasures and beauty to the Hebrew ransom, then, in the Shang's adjuvant, the Hebrew Chang surface indulge in pleasure, the "Yan Zhou" very tame, in fact it is more charitable and virtue, and the Yue people, to develop production, so more come to join themselves to princes, and then campaign against recalcitrant feudal lords and business allies, and finally there is the other third of the world, to become the Lord of the so-called ordered, while claiming to be King, that King Wen of Zhou, and moved to the capital Fung Yap (now Feng Shui Shaanxi Chang'an Southwest West Bank). Nine years, King Wen of Zhou's death. Send his son to the throne, King Wu said. He continued to Shang for the division, "Duke once" secondary, "called the public", "complete the public" and other man-made main assistant, to continue the unfinished business of King Wen. Feng Shui will be extended to the east of the capital, "Gao Jing" (now Shaanxi Chang'an canton), and actively prepare for destruction business. Two years later, King Wu-chun called 800 in the Union vows princes joined forces. Ordered the 10th year of King Wen in December, Wu Wangbing out Tongguan uniting of the various countries princes commanded the troops on the east, in the following year in February Jiazi at Makino's army defeated the Shang Dynasty, the king killed Yan Zhou, known to history as "King Wu off-business ", the longest in Chinese history built a dynasty," Zhou Dynasty. " Experienced a 37 on behalf of the Zhou Dynasty emperor, 800 years to 200 years BC, was the Qin exterminate. 770 BC, King Ping moved the capital to Luoyi (now Luoyang, Henan). Fenggao 2 Beijing in the West, Los eup in the East, traditionally called 770 BC before the Zhou Dynasty to the Western Zhou Dynasty, the future for the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.
Long-term gradual accumulation of contradictions, so that dynasty had a profound crisis. In this case, to the throne of "King Li of Zhou", not only does not take to pacify the people, the development of people's livelihood measures, instead appointing eloquent minister, spending, year after year foreign wars of conquest and step away, to benefit from monopoly Shanze aroused public discontent and discussions. He sent the shaman surveillance, killing people who talk so that conflicts more acute. Three years later, angry residents finally riots Gao Jing, the "Li Wang" banished to the "pig (sound" to "zhi", from "Duke" and "public call" common exercising political power, history, known as the "Zhou Zhao republic. "republic that is the first year of 841 BC, Chinese history, beginning from this year, with clear and continuous Annals." Zhou Li Wang, "after the death of his son," Xuan Wang "rectify affairs of state, had to Zhou dynasty had The Renaissance. but the 12th generation of the Son of Heaven Week You Wang, the dynasty of the crisis more severe. Guanzhong region earthquakes, landslides and severe natural disasters such as water depletion, Zhou You Wang not only compensating the victims, but more extravagant corruption and greed. to Chong Fei won the "concubine" smile, You Wang loyalist held war to deceive princes to come. The most serious problem is that You Wang Wang Houshen's decision to pass away, kill the prince "should mortar" separate "concubine" as the Queen, the Legislative concubine's son, "Bo-service" as the Prince. "application" after his father was co-western tribal Quan Rong Shen Hou, state sent troops across to attack Zhou You Wang, at the foot of the mountain killing You Wang Li, it was going concubine. You Wang's son "should acetabular "throne, closing the looting suffered Binghuo, dilapidated, Quanrong harassment from time to time to come." King Ping of Zhou "should only be the capital moved to Los acetabular eup, known to history as" King Ping Moving Eastward, "Eastern Zhou Dynasty began.
Zhou Wang Zhaodi system table
Eastern Zhou Dynasty
Jiang Shang, Zhou Gong Dan, Zhao Gong shi
The official system of the Western Zhou Dynasty, more complicated. Zhou Wang about adjuvant for the Grand Preceptor, Tutor, Pacific Insurance, collectively known as Excellencies. Excellencies, three things under the official (government officials, business officials and local officials), Quartet (nobility and the party States, tribes) and Qing Liu things. Dynasty officials: Osamu commanding the court politics, palm rituals ritual Taizong, palm calendar notes of Taishi, prayer Taizhu palm, artificial palm things of God, who charge of divination Pu, collectively, six ministers, six ministers of the Liao Shu, as a matter of total Qing Liu. Dynasty also palm land and the farmer's Szeto, entertainment industry for decades the ministry Sagong palm, palm army military Sima Fu, palm version of the Division membership Peerage and persons, the penalty charge of Sikou, collectively known as features. Inner court matters for the royal family service officer, the junior has Sangong three small (less division, Shao Fu, less security), hence the saying, auxiliary, Bute, bearing four secondary, there Kashihade, decorated clothing, Xiaochen, Temple who within the vertical, Hunzhe, door Yin, Wang You-Secretary, fire division, navy, large Emirates, Tai Pu, Royal, right, extraction cars, fun horse, Master's, Hu information, opinion of people, doctors, artists, belong to people , Yin and so too the uterus. Ji closure in the country outside the service, known as the Quartet, including Hou, Austin, princes and other men. Dynasty sometimes sent envoys to the country vassal state prison term. Princes in their own closed set Baiguan Yuji royal domestic modeled as independent power, mainly three things official, that Szeto, Sima, SI Kong, sub-charge of government, judicial and civil. Weeks, the main officials at all levels, are the basis of hereditary patriarchal system, and civil and military, regardless, usually rule the people, war is all levels of generals. Chou local system, there are States, have, eup, wild, vulgar. Zhou Wang and princes of the capital for the country, as the vassal state of the cities are, a small town for the eup, also known as wild or lowly place.
Economic and cultural
Western Zhou Dynasty, the business has become an indispensable social and economic sectors, the official monopoly, the government has the quality of people as the market manager. Slave trade of the varieties, oxen and horses, weapons, Rare, etc.. In addition to the Western Zhou currency other than shellfish, have begun to use bronze.
Chinese science, ideology and culture of the source is "easy." As one of the Confucian Classics "Book of Changes", the earliest that "astronomical" definition. "Book of Changes" Although written in the Warring States period, but he is really the expression of type into the fate Zhou thinking. "Easy", said: "Judging from astronomy to detect time-varying," "easy. Copulative "said:" Days like hanging, see good and bad, like the saints. "And so on, thinking of the West Zhou Mengsheng of yin and yang, the development of astronomy in China has an important impact." Book of Changes, "a long process of formation and development. Be later known as the Creek map, Luo Shu things, the performance is burning Bogu is ancient ancestors long life and fortune in the practice of the sentiment of rational thinking and thinking in images to link with each other, reflect each other infiltration. According to legend, V Yi's to sum up repeatedly on the arrangement of yarrow, and painting for the gossip, the phenomenon of nature is all included in one, this is the original easily. Later, through the King Wen of Zhou is said that the careful studying, to standardized, structured oriented, interpreted as 64 hexagrams and 384 Yao, with diagrams speech, Ci, called the "Book of Changes." It is a simple image and figures to change yin and yang of the opposition to explain complex and diverse society , shows that the number of tens of thousands up to infinity, has to show little more than to simply show complex, the characteristics of change. its so called "easy" Xuan explained there are three aspects: First, Jane, second shift, three difficult. Speak of the myriad things that have changed are the same, ever-changing phenomenon, and some basic principles will not change with another, which from the objective world, the dialectical development of abstract theory, a very rich out of simple dialectics. Old said the late Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius, the "Book of Changes" interpretation and discourse, to complete 10 wing, that is, "Yi." In this way, "Book of Changes" on the development of a profound exposition of the contents of the universe of a change in philosophy.
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4 Zhougongdan
7 Cheng Shu Wu (Records as "as Uncle Wu")
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12 Gao child
15 graduates of public high
18 Xun Hou