gǔ wáng guó shí qī（
qián 2686
zhì 2181
nián），
zhè gè shí qī '
āi jí duō fāng miàn wén huà jīng guò yī dìng chéng dù de róng hé dá dào dì yī gè lì shǐ shàng de diān fēng，
tā yǔ hòu lái de zhōng wáng guó shí qī hé xīn wáng guó shí qī xiāng tóng，
biāo zhì zhe ní luó hé gǔ wén huà de xīng shèng。
gǔ wáng guó shí qī kuà yuè liǎo sì gè wáng cháo ――
dì sān wáng cháo zhì dì liù wáng cháo，
dì qī wáng cháo shí wáng guó kāi shǐ fēn liè，
xiāng duì de wén huà yě chéng xiàn shuāi bài zhuàng tài，
āi jí hěn kuài jìn rù dào liǎo xià yī gè bèi lì shǐ xué jiā men chēng wéi “ dì yī zhōng jiān qī ” de shí dài。
gǔ wáng guó shí qī '
āi jí de huáng chéng shǒu dū zuò luò yú mèng fěi sī chéng，
zuǒ sài wáng céng zài zhè '
ér jiàn zào liǎo tā de gōng diàn。
zhè gè shí qī zuì zhù míng de chǎn wù jiù shì nà wéi shù zhòng duō de jīn zì tǎ，
zài dāng shí bèi zuò wéi fǎ lǎo huáng líng。
yīn cǐ，
gǔ wáng guó shí qī yì bèi chēng wéi“
jīn zì tǎ shí qī”。
lì shǐ
kāi duān：
dì sān wáng cháo
dì sān wáng cháo zuì zhù míng de fǎ lǎo qiáo sài '
ěr jiàn zào liǎo dì yī zuò jīn zì tǎ―
jiē tī shì jīn zì tǎ，
tā wèi yú sà kǎ lā，
yòu 6
céng，
yóu zuǒ sài wáng de“
wéi xī '
ěr”
yī mǔ huò tè pǔ jiān dū '
ér chéng。
āi jí yuán lái de xǔ duō xiǎo guó jiā zài zhè yī shí qī dū biàn chéng yóu fǎ lǎo zhí jiē tǒng xiá de zhōu jùn―――“
nuò mǔ”，
gè“
nuò mǔ”
shè lì zhōu cháng fù zé shuì shōu jí tǔ dì guǎn lǐ děng gōng zuò。
zhè gè shí qī de '
āi jí rén dǔ xìn fǎ lǎo wáng néng gòu què bǎo yī nián yī dù ní luó hé de fàn làn kě yǐ shǐ nóng zuò wù fēng shōu，
tā men xiāng xìn fǎ lǎo shì shàng tiān wèitā men xuǎn dìng de wáng zhě。
huáng jīn shí dài：
dì sì wáng cháo
dì sì wáng cháo de wáng quán tǒng zhì dá dào liǎo yī gè dǐng shèng shí qī，
dì yī wèi fǎ lǎo sī ní fú lǔ wáng jiàn zào liǎo sān zuò jīn zì tǎ，
dì yī zuò wèi yú mài dù mén，
shì yǐ jiē tī jīn zì tǎ yǎn biàn '
ér chéng de jiǎo zhuī tǐ jīn zì tǎ。
dì '
èr zuò shì wèi yú dá shū '
ěr de wān qū xíng jīn zì tǎ（
yīn jiàn zào shī bài dé míng），
dì sān zuò zé shì zhēn zhèng de jiǎo zhuī tǐ jīn zì tǎ。
The Old Kingdom is the name commonly given to the period in the 3rd millennium BC when Egypt attained its first continuous peak of civilization in complexity and achievement – the first of three so-called "Kingdom" periods, which mark the high points of civilization in the lower Nile Valley (the others being Middle Kingdom and the New Kingdom).
The term itself was coined by nineteenth century historians and the distinction between the Old Kingdom and the Early Dynastic Period is not one which would have been recognized by Ancient Egyptians. Not only was the last king of the Early Dynastic Period related to the first two kings of the Old Kingdom, but the 'capital', the royal residence, remained at Ineb-Hedg, the Ancient Egyptian name for Memphis. The basic justification for a separation between the two periods is the revolutionary change in architecture accompanied by the effects on Egyptian society and economy of large-scale building projects.
The Old Kingdom is most commonly regarded as spanning the period of time when Egypt was ruled by the Third Dynasty through to the Sixth Dynasty (2686 BC – 2134 BC). Many Egyptologists also include the Memphite Seventh and Eighth Dynasties in the Old Kingdom as a continuation of the administration centralized at Memphis. The Old Kingdom was followed by a period of disunity and relative cultural decline referred to by Egyptologists as the First Intermediate Period.
The royal capital of Egypt during the Old Kingdom was located at Memphis, where Djoser established his court. The Old Kingdom is perhaps best known for the large number of pyramids constructed at this time as pharaonic burial places. For this reason, the Old Kingdom is frequently referred to as "the Age of the Pyramids."