shǐ qián 'ōu zhōu Prehistoric Europe   zǎo 'é luó Early Russia   liú wáng cháo Rurik Dynasty   luó màn nuò wáng cháo House of Romanov   é luó guó Russian Empire   jìn xiàn dài 'é luó   é luó lián bāng Russian Federation   

guójūnjìniánxìngmíngkāiduānniánfènzhōngjiéniánfènyánxùshíjiàn
shì ā liè xiè wéi Peter I1682nián1725nián44nián
jié lín shì lín shì · ā liè xiè Catherine I1725nián1727nián3nián
'èr shì 'èr shì · ā liè xiè wéi Pyotr (Peter) II Alekseyevich1727nián1730nián4nián
ān · fán nuò ān · fán nuò · luó màn nuò Anna Ivanovna1730nián1740nián11nián
fán liù shì fán liù shì Ivan VI Antonovich1740nián1741nián2nián
suō bái shì · luó suō bái · luó · luó màn nuò Elizaveta Petrovna29nián1762nián1734nián
sān shì sān shì · fèi 'ào duō luó wéi Peter III1761nián1762nián2nián
jié lín 'èr shìkǎi lín 'èr shì Catherine II1762nián1796nián35nián
bǎo luó shìbǎo luó shì · luó wéi Paul I1796nián1801nián6nián
shān shì shān shì Alexander I1801nián1825nián25nián
shì shì · luò wéi Nicholas I1825nián1855nián31nián
shān 'èr shì shān 'èr shì · wéi Alexander II1855nián1881nián27nián
shān sān shì shān sān shì · shān luó wéi Alexander III Alexandrovich1894nián
'èr shì 'èr shì · shān luó wéi Nicholas II1894nián1917nián24nián

  é luó guóé wén: Российскаяимперия), tōng cháng jiǎn chēng wéi 'é guó 'é huò shā 'éshì 1721 nián zhì 1917 nián jiān 'é luó guó jiā de míng chēng
  
  1721 nián zài ruì diǎn de běi fāng zhàn zhēng shèng hòubèi 'é luó yuán lǎo yuàn shòu quán 'é luó huáng de tóu xiáné guó chéng wéi zhèng shì shàng de guó guòshì shí shàng zài luó màn nuò wáng cháo zhī qián de liú wáng cháo de fán shì zài 1547 nián biàn jīng kāi shǐ shǐ yòngshā huángde chēng hàoyīn é luó guóyòu shí huì bèi kuò shǐ yòng。 1917 nián 'é guó 'èr yuè mìng hòushā huáng 'èr shì qiān shǔ tuì wèi shēng míngé luó guó miè wáng
  
   shǐ
   'é luó guó
  
   kāi shǐ 'é guó zhǐ shì zài jìn de xiǎo guó guó de wèi bìng bèi 'ōu zhōu chéng rèn。 1696 niánnián qīng de shì chéng wéi shā huáng kāi shǐ wèile bǎo nán fāng de guó jiè 'ér kāi shǐ duì kàng 'ào màn guówèile 'ào màn guó de zhàn zhēng kāi shǐ dào 'ōu zhōu xún zhǎo méng yǒu bìng xué fāng de xué shùbài fǎng liǎo lán dēng bǎo lányīng guó shén shèng luó guó děng
  
   wèile zēng jiā fāng jiāo liú de huì xún zhǎo 'é guó zài luó de hǎi de chū hǎi kǒu zài 1700 nián 'ào màn guó tíng zhànbìng duì dāng shí 'ōu zhōu zuì qiáng guó jiā zhī de ruì diǎn xuān zhànzài fēn lán wān de 'ěr ruì diǎn jūn zhèng míng liǎo 'é guó jūn wán quán shì men de duì shǒuxìng yùn de shìruì diǎn zài zhè shí xiàn liǎo lán wáng wèi de zhēng duó dāng zhōngzài zhè chuǎn de shí jiān jiàn liǎo zhī xīn shì fāng huà de jūn duìdāng liǎng zhī jūn duì zài 1709 nián zài 'ěr zài xiāng shíé guó bài liǎo ruì diǎn běi fāng zhàn zhēng zhí chí dào liǎo 1721 niánruì diǎn qiān shǔ liǎo tiáo yuē》, é guó zhōng dào liǎo zài luó de hǎi de chū hǎi kǒu fāng jiāo liú de chuāng kǒu
   é guó de kuò zhāng chéng shú
  
   lín 'èr shì shí dài shuō shì 'é luó guó de 'èr qiáng shèng guó zài nán fāng fāng dào xiāng dāng de xīn bǎn 。 1768 nián 'ào màn guó zhī jiān de 'é zhàn zhēng bào zài 1774 nián kǎi jiá tiáo yuēde qiān dìng 'ér jié shùgēn zhè tiáo yuēé guó liǎo hēi hǎi de chū hǎi kǒu de cóng 'ào màn guó ér lín zài 1783 nián tūn bìng liǎo 。 1787 nián 'èr 'é zhàn zhēng bào , 1792 nián zhàn zhēng jié shù hòué guó jiāng shì shēn 'ěr gān bàn dǎosuī rán 'ào màn guó méi yòu bèi 'é guó wán quán gǎn chū 'ōu zhōudàn zài shì 'é guó de yán zhòng wēi xié liǎozài fāngé guó chèn zhù lán guó shì zhī shìào guā fēn lán
   lún zhàn zhēng
  
   shēn wéi 'ōu zhōu de zhù yào guó jiāé guó miǎn de cānyù liǎo lún guó de zhàn zhēng。 1812 nián 6 yuè lún shuài lǐng liǎo 60 wàn jūn qīn lüè 'é guó 'é guó zhèng guī jūn liǎng bèi shàngér qiě zhuāng bèi gèng jiā jīng liángdàn zài lún tuī jìn de tóng shí tóng shí miàn lín liǎo guò kuò zhāng de wèn é guó shǐ yòng liǎo jiāo zhàn zhēng de lüèér lún yòu shàng 'é guó hán lěng de dōng tiānshǐ lún zāo liǎo zāinàn xìng de cǎn bài dào 3 wàn rén néng huí dào men de guózài guó jūn chè tuì zhī é guó jūn tuī jìn dào zhōng 'ōu 'ōuzuì hòu dào liǎo de chéng mén biānzài fǎn tóng méng bài lún hòushā huáng shān shì bèi shì wéi 'ōu zhōu de jiù shì zhù
   xiàng yuǎn dōng kuò zhāng
  
   zǎo 17 shì é guó xiàng yuǎn dōng kuò zhāngbìng zhōng guó de qīng cháo zhèng shēng chōng zhōng 'é fēn bié 1689 nián 1727 nián qiān shǔ chǔ tiáo yuēqià tiáo yuēquè biān jièdàn zhè bìng wèi zhǐ 'é guó de xīn。 1858 nián 5 yuèé guó chéng yīng lián jūn qīn lüè zhōng guó zhī é guó wēi xié zhōng guó qiān shǔài huī tiáo yuē》, hēi lóng jiāng wéi biān jiè。 1860 nián qiān dìng dezhōng 'é běi jīng tiáo yuē》, é guó gèng zhěng wài dōng běi dǎo tūn bìngbìng huò hǎishēn wǎi zhè dòng gǎng kuò zhǎn tài píng yáng de yǐng xiǎnglìng fāng miàné guó jiāng shì rǎn zhǐ dǎo qiān dǎo qún dǎo běn zhǎn kāi zhēng duó。 1875 nián 5 yuè 7 běn 'é guó qiān dìng dǎo qiān dǎo qún dǎo jiāo huàn tiáo yuē》, é guó qiān dǎo liè dǎo běi jǐyǔ běnhuàn dǎo de zhù quán。 19 shì xiàng qīng zhèng jiè liánchéng guān dōng zhōué guó jiè dào liǎo dōng qīng tiě de jiàn zhù quán duì zhōng guó dōng běi jìn qīn lüè jiàn huáng 'é luó ”。
  
   é luó zài běi měi zhōu céng jīng zhàn yòu dàn zài 1867 nián jiāng 720 wàn měi yuán de jià mài gěi měi guó jīn de 'ā jiā zhōu
   zhàn lǐng zhōng
  
   é luó zuì zǎo xiàng zhōng de huó dòngshì shí dàidāng shí xiàng hàn guó kuò zhāngzài zhàn zhēng shī bài hòuzài sǒng yǒng xiàxiàng zhōng kuò zhāngyóu xián hǎi chū qián wǎng zhè 'èr guó chéng wéi shǔ guó。 1864 niángōng hào hǎn shí gān, 1877 niánzhàn yòu quán zhōng
   gǎi mìng
  
  19 shì hòu 20 shì chū duì 'é guó lái shuō shì wēi shí ōu zhōu de gōng mìng shǐ 'é guó fāng de zhǎn xiāngchà yuè lái yuè suī rán guó de rén kǒu jiào rèn 'ōu zhōu zhǎn guó jiādōu duōdàn fèn dōushì pín qióng de nóng 。 1905 nián 'é zhàn zhēng de shī bài gèng dǎo zhì mín xīn duì huáng quán sàng shī xìn xīné guó jìng nèi duàn shēng liúxiě mìngér shì jiè zhàn shì cuī kuǎ guó de zuì hòu 。 1917 nián 3 yuèshǒu shèng bǎo shì mín dòng fǎn 'è yóu xíngyǐn 'èr yuè mìng。 3 yuè 2 shā huáng 'èr shì tuì wèichuán wèi gěi 'ěr gōngdàn shì zāo dào de jué shì luó màn nuò wáng cháo miè wángyóu shān · lún suǒ lǐng dǎo de 'é guó lín shí zhèng suǒ dài


  The Russian Empire (Pre-reform Russian: Россійская Имперія, Modern Russian: Российская Империя, translit: Rossiyskaya Imperiya) was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia, and the predecessor of the Soviet Union. It was the second largest contiguous empire the world has ever seen, surpassed only by the Mongol Empire. At one point in 1866, it stretched from eastern Europe, across Asia, and into North America.
  
  At the beginning of the 19th century, Russia was the largest country in the world, extending from the Arctic Ocean to the north to the Black Sea on the south, from the Baltic Sea on the west to the Pacific Ocean on the east. Across this vast realm were scattered the Emperor's 176.4 million subjects, the third largest population of the world at the time, after Qing China and British Empire, but still represented a great disparity in economic, ethnic, and religious positions. Its government, ruled by the Emperor, was one of the last absolute monarchies left in Europe. Prior to the outbreak of World War I in August 1914 Russia was one of the five major Great Powers of Europe.

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