cóng 1789
nián dào 1914
nián de “ màn cháng de shí jiǔ shì jì ” jīng lì liǎo jī liè de shè huì、
zhèng zhì hé jīng jì biàn gé，
shǒu xiān lā kāi xù mù de shì gōng yè gé mìng、
fǎ guó dà gé mìng hé ná pò lún zhàn zhēng，
suí hòu shì '
ōu zhōu zhèng zhì bǎn tú zài 1815
nián de wéi yě nà huì yì shàng de chóngxīn huàfēn，
mín zú zhù yì de xīng qǐ、
é luó sī dì guó hé dà yīng dì guó dǐng shèng shí qī de dào lái，
tóng shí bàn suí zhe '
ào sī màn dì guó de shuāi luò。
zuì hòu，
dé yì zhì dì guó hé '
ào xiōng dì guó de jué qǐ yǐn fā liǎo yī xì liè shì jiàn bìng zài 1914
nián dì yī cì shì jiè dà zhàn bào fā zhī shí dào dá zuì gāo cháo。
The "long nineteenth century", from 1789 to 1914 sees the drastic social, political and economic changes initiated by the Industrial Revolution, the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars, and following the re-organization of the political map of Europe at the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the rise of Nationalism, the rise of the Russian Empire and the peak of the British Empire, paralleled by the decline of the Ottoman Empire. Finally, the rise of the German Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Empire initiated the course of events that culminated in the outbreak of World War I in 1914.