dōng yà:    中国 China   日本 Japan   朝鲜 Korea (North)   越南 Viet Nam   韩国 Korea (South)   蒙古 Mongolia

yuè nán Viet Nam   shǒudōu:hé nèi  guógūdàimǎ: vn    -世界--欧洲-奥地利白俄罗斯比利时波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那克罗地亚捷克丹麦芬兰法国德国希腊匈牙利冰岛爱尔兰意大利拉脱维亚卢森堡荷兰挪威波兰葡萄牙爱沙尼亚立陶宛马耳他罗马尼亚俄罗斯圣马力诺西班牙瑞典瑞士安道尔列支敦士登摩纳哥阿尔巴尼亚保加利亚马其顿摩尔多瓦黑山塞尔维亚斯洛文尼亚斯洛伐克梵蒂冈土耳其乌克兰英国-南美洲-阿根廷玻利维亚巴西智利哥伦比亚圭亚那巴拉圭秘鲁厄瓜多尔苏里南乌拉圭委内瑞拉-亚洲-北亚-中美洲-安提瓜和巴布达巴巴多斯伯利兹古巴多米尼加共和国萨尔瓦多圣基茨和尼维斯格林纳达危地马拉海地洪都拉斯牙买加尼加拉瓜波多黎各特立尼达和多巴哥圣卢西亚圣文森特和格林纳丁斯多米尼克哥斯达黎加巴拿马-美洲--古阿拉伯大区-埃及伊拉克以色列约旦黎巴嫩巴勒斯坦沙特阿拉伯叙利亚伊朗阿曼阿拉伯联合酋长国-北美洲-加拿大墨西哥巴哈马美国-东亚-中国日本朝鲜蒙古韩国越南-非洲-阿尔及利亚埃塞俄比亚布基纳法索科特迪瓦科摩罗圣多美和普林西比吉布提赤道几内亚厄立特里亚加蓬冈比亚几内亚几内亚比绍莱索托摩洛哥贝宁利比亚马达加斯加马拉维毛里塔尼亚尼日尔尼日利亚博茨瓦纳布隆迪喀麦隆佛得角加纳肯尼亚利比里亚马里毛里求斯卢旺达刚果塞内加尔塞舌尔南非斯威士兰中非共和国刚果民主共和国索马里安哥拉乍得莫桑比克纳米比亚塞拉利昂苏丹乌干达赞比亚坦桑尼亚多哥突尼斯津巴布韦-东南亚-文莱缅甸柬埔寨东帝汶印度尼西亚老挝马来西亚菲律宾新加坡泰国-南亚-孟加拉国印度巴基斯坦马尔代夫尼泊尔斯里兰卡不丹-中亚-吉尔吉斯斯坦土库曼斯坦哈萨克斯坦塔吉克斯坦乌兹别克斯坦-西亚-阿富汗巴林塞浦路斯格鲁吉亚科威特卡塔尔亚美尼亚阿塞拜疆也门-大洋洲-澳大利亚密克罗尼西亚斐济基里巴斯马绍尔群岛瑙鲁新西兰所罗门群岛巴布亚新几内亚西萨摩亚汤加帕劳瓦努阿图图瓦卢   cháozhèng

越南 越南 越南 越南 越南 越南 越南 　　yuè nán shè huì zhù yì gòng hé guó（ TheSocialistRepublicofVietNam） dài mǎ VN 　　 　　【 miàn jī】 329556 píng fāng gōng lǐ。 　　 　　【 rén kǒu】 8411 wàn (2006 nián )， qí zhōng nán xìng 4133 wàn， zhàn 49.1%， nǚ xìng 4278 wàn， zhàn 50.9%。 yòu 54 gè mín zú， jīng zú zhàn zǒng rén kǒu jìn 90%， dài yǐ zú、 dǎi zú、 máng zú、 huá rén、 nóng zú rén kǒu jūn chāo guò 50 wàn。 zhù yào yǔ yán wéi yuè nán yǔ（ guān fāng yǔ yán、 tōng yòng yǔ yán、 zhù yào mín zú yǔ yán jūn wéi yuè nán yǔ）。 zhù yào zōng jiào： fó jiào、 tiān zhù jiào、 hé hǎo jiào yǔ gāo tái jiào。 　　 　　【 guó qí】 yuè nán guó qí de míng chēng shì jīn xīng hóng qí， zì 1955 nián 11 yuè 30 rì kāi shǐ cǎi yòng。 guó qí de cháng kuān bǐ lì wéi 2:3， zhōng xīn shì yī kē huáng sè de wǔ jiǎo xīng（ jīn xīng）， biāo zhì yuè nán gòng chǎn dǎng de lǐng dǎo dì wèi， hóng sè biǎo shì gé mìng hé shèng lì。 wǔ jiǎo xīng de wǔ gè jiǎo fēn bié biǎo shì gōng rén、 nóng mín、 shì bīng、 zhī shí fèn zǐ hé qīng nián。 　　 　　【 guó huā】 yuè nán mín jiān bǎ lián huā zuò wéi guó huā， yǐ tā zuò wéi lì liàng、 jí xiáng、 píng 'ān、 guāng míng de xiàng zhēng， hái bǎ lián huā bǐ yù yīng xióng hé shén fó。 zǒng zhī， yī qiē měi hǎo de lǐ xiǎng jiē yǐ lián huā biǎo shì。 　　 　　【 guó huī】 yuè nán guó huī de zhōng jiān shì yī gè dà wǔ jiǎo xīng， dài biǎo yuè nán gòng chǎn dǎng， guó huī sì zhōu shì dào suì hé jīn sè chǐ lún， dài biǎo gōng rén jiē céng jí nóng mín jiē céng。 jīn sè chǐ lún xià fāng wéi xiě zhe yuè nán yǔ “ C ộ ngHòaXãHộ iCh ủ NghĩaVi ệ tNam ” ( yuè nán yǔ hàn zì wéi“ gòng hé shè huì zhù yì yuè nán”， yì wèi“ yuè nán shè huì zhù yì gòng hé guó” ) de hóng dǐ jīn zì shòu dài。 tā de shè jì gēn zhōng huá rén mín gòng hé guó guó huī bǐ jiào xiāng sì。 　　 　　【 shǒu dū】 hé nèi（ HaNoi）， rén kǒu 4,000,000 rén（ 2005 nián）。 xià jì píng jūn qì wēn 28.9 ℃， dōng jì píng jūn qì wēn 18.9℃。 　　 　　【 guó jiā yuán shǒu】 guó jiā zhù xí ruǎn míng zhé（ NguyenMinhTriet）， 2006 nián 6 yuè 27 rì jiù zhí。 　　 　　【 zhòng yào jié rì】 yuè nán gòng chǎn dǎng chéng lì rì： 2 yuè 3 rì（ 1930 nián）。 yuè nán nán fāng jiě fàng rì： 4 yuè 30 rì（ 1975 nián）。 yuè nán guó qìng rì： 9 yuè 2 rì（ 1945 nián）。 hú zhì míng dàn chén rì： 5 yuè 19 rì（ 1890 nián）。 　　 　　【 jiǎn kuàng】 wèi yú zhōng nán bàn dǎo dōng bù， běi yǔ zhōng guó jiē rǎng， xī yǔ lǎo wō、 jiǎn bù zhài jiāo jiè， dōng miàn hé nán miàn lín nán hǎi。 hǎi 'àn xiàn cháng 3260 duō gōng lǐ。 dì chù běi huí guī xiàn yǐ nán， shǔ rè dài jì fēng qì hòu， gāo wēn duō yǔ。 nián píng jūn qì wēn 24℃ zuǒ yòu。 nián píng jūn jiàng yǔ liàng wéi 1500 － 2000 háo mǐ。 běi fāng fēn chūn、 xià、 qiū、 dōng sì jì。 nán fāng yǔ hàn liǎng jì fēn míng， dà bù fēn dì qū 5-10 yuè wéi yǔ jì， 11 yuè zhì cì nián 4 yuè wéi hàn jì。 　　 tóng běi jīng shí chā bǐ gé lín ní zhì shí jiān zǎo 7 xiǎo shí； bǐ běi jīng shí jiān wǎn 1 xiǎo shí 　　 guó jì diàn huà mǎ 84 　　 huò bì yuè nán dùn 　　 　　 lì shǐ yán gé 　　 　　【 lì shǐ】 　　 shàng gǔ chuán shuō yǔ gǔ dài zhōng guó de tǒng zhì。 　　 qián 257 nián， shǔ guó mò dài wáng zǐ shǔ pàn shuài lǐng qí zú mín， niǎn zhuǎn dào dá xiàn zài yuè nán běi bù， jiàn lì 'ōu luò guó， bìng zì chēng wéi 'ān yáng wáng。 　　 qín shǐ huáng tǒng yī liù guó yǐ hòu de qián 214 nián， pài dà jūn yuè guò lǐng nán zhàn lǐng jīn rì yuè nán běi bù hé guǎng xī、 guǎng dōng、 fú jiàn， zhēng fú dāng dì de bǎi yuè zhū bù zú， qín cháo zài zhè yī dài dà liàng yí mín， shè lì liǎo sān gè jùn， qí zhōng yuè nán běi bù guī shǔ yú xiàng jùn guǎn lǐ。 　　 qián 203 nián， qín cháo de nán hǎi wèi zhào tuó zài qín cháo mò nián de hùn luàn shí qī， zì lì wéi nán yuè wǔ wáng（ hòu gǎi chēng nán yuè wǔ dì）， shǒu dū zài jīn guǎng zhōu。 yuè nán běi bù chéng wéi nán yuè guó de yī bù fèn。 qián 111 nián， hàn wǔ dì miè nán yuè guó， bìng zài yuè nán běi bù dì fāng shè lì jiāo zhǐ、 jiǔ zhēn、 rì nán sān jùn， shí shī zhí jiē de xíng zhèng guǎn lǐ。 zài zhī hòu de yī qiān duō nián shí jiān lǐ， yuè nán běi bù jiāo zhǐ dì qū suī rán lǚ yòu fǎn kàng， dàn shì dà tǐ shàng yī zhí shòu dào zhōng guó gǔ dài zhèng quán gè cháo dài（ hàn cháo、 dōng wú、 jìn cháo、 nán cháo、 suí cháo、 táng cháo hé nán hàn） de zhí jiē guǎn xiá。 　　 　　 zhàn pó de dú lì 　　 dōng hàn mò nián（ 192 nián）， zhàn zú rén qū lián shā sǐ hàn cháo de rì nán jùn xiàng lín xiàn lìng， cóng dōng hàn dú lì， zhàn jù liǎo yuán rì nán jùn de dà bù fèn dì qū（ yuè nán zhōng bù）， yǐ pó luó mén jiào wèiguó jiào， jiàn lì zhàn pó guó， yǔ dōng hàn yǐ shùn huà wéi jiè。 1190 nián zhì 1220 nián， zhàn pó bèi zhēn là zhàn lǐng， hòu fù guó。 　　 　　 dà yuè de dú lì 　　939 nián， wú quán zì zhōng guó wǔ dài nán hàn zhèng quán 'ér dú lì（ wú cháo）， yuè nán gǔ lǎo de xīn zàng dì dài héng héng běi bù jiāo zhǐ dì qū gào bié liǎo zhōng guó yī qiān duō nián de tǒng zhì， dàn shì bìng wèi jiàn lì guó hào yǔ shǐ yòng nián hào。 968 nián， dīng bù lǐng（ dīng xiān huáng） yǐ wǔ lì zhēng fú jìng nèi de gē jù shì lì， jiàn lì guó hào dà qú yuè（ dīng cháo）， liǎng nián hòu（ 970 nián） yòu zì chēng huáng dì yǔ shǐ yòng nián hào tài píng， dìng dū huá lǘ（ jīn níng píng shěng níng píng shì）， suàn shì yuè nán zhèng shì tuō lí zhōng guó 'ér zì zhù zhī shǐ。 hòu lái jiē shòu zhōng guó sòng cháo tài zǔ cè fēng wéi jiāo zhǐ jùn wáng， zhōng guó gǔ dài huáng dì zhèng shì chéng rèn yuè nán shì zì zhì de fān shǔ guó 'ér bù zài shì zhí jiē guǎn lǐ de zhōng guó běn tǔ。 980 nián， lí huán jiàn lì qián lí cháo。 1010 nián， lǐ gōng yùn jiàn lì lǐ cháo， bìng qiān dū shēng lóng（ jīn hé nèi）。 1225 nián， chén jiǒng（ shí wéi chén shǒu dù） jiàn lì chén cháo。 lìng yuè nán rén zì háo de shì， chén cháo jiē lián sān cì jī tuì liǎo měnggǔ dà jūn de qīn lüè， chén xīng dào shì dāng shí de kàng yuán yīng xióng。 　　 　　 yuè nán de tǒng yī 　　1407 nián zhì 1428 nián， zhōng guó míng cháo chéng zǔ（ yǒng lè huáng dì） chèn yuè nán huáng cháo nèi luàn zhī jì， chū bīng zhàn lǐng yuè nán， bìng zài shēng lóng shè lì liǎo jiāo zhǐ bù zhèng sī（ xíng shěng）， jìn xíng zhí jiē tǒng zhì。 1428 nián， lí lì jī bài míng cháo jūn duì， zì lì wéi dì jiàn lì hòu lí cháo， yú shì míng cháo cóng yuè nán chè bīng， bìng chéng rèn yuè nán dú lì。 1471 nián， miè zhàn pó。 1527 nián， hòu lí cháo nán běi fēn liè， běi bù yóu mò dēng yōng jiàn lì de mò cháo kòng zhì。 1592 nián， hòu lí cháo fù bì， běi bù yóu zhèng shì jiā zú kòng zhì， nán bù zé yóu ruǎn shì jiā zú kòng zhì， 1698 nián， ruǎn shì jiā zú chū bīng tūn bìng xià gāo mián（ jīn méi gōng hé sān jiǎo zhōu）。 1771 nián， bào fā xī shān sān xiōng dì qǐ yì， xiān hòu miè ruǎn、 zhèng， tǒng yī quán guó， jiàn lì xī shān cháo。 1802 nián， ruǎn fú yìng zài fǎ guó zhī chí xià miè xī shān cháo， jiàn lì ruǎn cháo， zhī hòu jiē shòu zhōng guó qīng cháo jiā qìng dì de gēnggǎi cè fēng wéi 「 yuè nán guó wáng 」， zhèng shì jiàn lì xīn guó hào wéi「 yuè nán」， zhè yě shì yuè nán míng chēng de yóu lái。 　　 　　 fǎ guó de zhàn lǐng yǔ zài cì de dú lì 　　1859 nián， fǎ guó shēng chēng bǎo hù chuán jiào shì hé tiān zhù jiào tú， zhàn lǐng méi gōng hé sān jiǎo zhōu de zhù yào chéng shì chái gùn（ xī gòng）， yú 1862 nián dé dào yuè nán nán bù。 yòu yú 1884 nián zhàn lǐng zhěng gè yuè nán， bìng jiāng zhī guī rù fǎ guó zài zhōng nán bàn dǎo de zhí mín dì zhī nèi， wèicǐ yǔ yuè nán de zōng zhù guó qīng cháo bào fā liǎo qīng fǎ zhàn zhēng（ 1883 nián zhì 1885 nián）； yǔ cǐ tóng shí， fǎ guó chuán jiào shì wéi běn lái cǎi yòng hàn zì de yuè nán， shè jì liǎo yī tào yǐ lā dīng zì mǔ wéi jī chǔ de pīn yīn wén zì， jiù shì xiàn zài yuè nán rén chēng hū wéi「 guó yǔ」 de lā dīng huà yuè nán wén zì。 　　1904 nián kāi shǐ， yuè nán de zī chǎn jiē jí mín zú zhù yì gé mìng jiā pān pèi zhū liú wáng hǎi wài chéng lì yuè nán wéi xīn huì， hòu lái zài 1912 nián jiàn dào zhōng guó de xīn hài gé mìng chéng gōng， bìng yú zhōng guó guǎng zhōu gǎi zǔ wéi yuè nán guāng fù huì， cǐ tuán tǐ chéng yuán céng xiān hòu qián huí yuè nán fā dòng wǔ zhuāng qǐ yì， shì tú tuī fān fǎ guó zhí mín zhèng quán， què yīn cāng cù de xíng dòng yǔ zhuāng bèi de luò hòu 'ér zāo yù shī bài。 zhī hòu pān pèi zhū yú 1925 nián zāo dào fǎ guó zhí mín zhèng quán tè wù de bǎng jià， bìng yājiè huí yuè nán 'ér zhōng shēng ruǎn jìn。 dào liǎo 1930 nián， yuè nán de gòng chǎn zhù yì gé mìng jiā hú zhì míng dé dào sū lián mò sī kē de xié zhù， zǔ jiàn liǎo yìn dù zhī nà gòng chǎn dǎng， bìng kāi shǐ zài běi yuè lǐng dǎo duì kàng zhí mín yùn dòng。 　　1940 nián， rì běn jìn qīn yuè nán， měi guó wèile duì kàng rì běn de qīn lüè 'ér duì hú zhì míng gé mìng shì lì tí gōng jūn shì zhī chí， bìng chéng nuò zhàn hòu zhī chí yuè nán xún qiú dú lì。 1945 nián， rì jūn xuān bù tóu jiàng zhī jì， hú zhì míng zài hé nèi xuān gào dú lì bìng jiàn lì「 yuè nán mín zhù gòng hé guó」。 dàn měi guó hé fǎ guó zhèng fǔ dá chéng mì mì xié yì， jì xù ràng fǎ guó zhí mín zhèng quán tǒng zhì yuè nán， hú zhì míng zhuǎn 'ér xiàng sū lián xún qiú zhī zhù。 1954 nián， dāng běi yuè jūn duì zài zhōng huá rén mín gòng hé guó de zhǐ huī hé yuán zhù xià qǔ dé diàn biān fǔ zhī yì dà shèng zhī hòu， zài cì xuān gào dú lì， bìng lì jí dé dào sū lián hé zhōng guó gèng guǎng fàn de zhī chí。 wèile gēn yǐ hú zhì míng wéi shǒu de běi yuè duì kàng， fǎ guó zhèng fǔ zài rì nèi wǎ hé huì（ 1954 nián） shàng xuān bù jiāng quán lì yí jiāo gěi ruǎn cháo de mò dài huáng dì ruǎn fú tiǎn（ bǎo dà huáng dì）， bìng chéng lì míng wéi「 yuè nán guó」 de nán yuè zhèng fǔ 'ér hé hú zhì míng lǐng dǎo de běi yuè zhèng fǔ kàng héng。 ruǎn fú tiǎn bìng qiě wěi rèn liǎo wú tíng yǎn wéi shǒuxiàng。 1955 nián， wú tíng yǎn zài měi guó de zhī chí xià qiān shǔ fǎ lìng fèi chú huáng shì， bìng xuān bù zì lì chéng wéi「 yuè nán gòng hé guó」 de zǒng tǒng。 　　 　　【 yuè nán zhàn zhēng】 　　 shòu dào měi guó děng xī fāng fǎn duì gòng chǎn zhù yì zhì dù de guó jiā zhī chí， yǐ wú tíng yǎn wéi shǒu de nán yuè zhèng fǔ jù jué zài zuì hòu qī xiàn 1955 nián 7 yuè qián hé běi yuè zhèng fǔ jiù pǔ xuǎn wèn tí jìn xíng cuō shāng。 nán yuè jù jué zūn shǒu bā lí xié dìng， bìng xuān bù chéng lì gòng hé guó， běi yuè suí jí yóu hú zhì míng xuān bù jiàn guó。 wéi bǎo zhàng nán yuè zhèng fǔ de fā zhǎn， měi guó zài 1960 nián dài duì nán yuè de jīng jì hé jūn shì yuán zhù cóng bù jiànduàn， zhí dào 1973 nián nán běi shuāng fāng qiān dìng tíng huǒ xié yì wéi zhǐ。 zhī hòu， měi guó cóng nán yuè chè jūn（ cān kǎo yuè zhàn）。 　　 liǎng nián hòu de 1975 nián 4 yuè 30 rì， běi yuè jūn duì jī bài nán yuè zhèng fǔ， chéng lì「 nán yuè nán gòng hé guó」， yì nián liǎng yuè zài běi yuè lǐng dǎo xià tǒng yī。 1976 nián，「 yuè nán mín zhù gòng hé guó」 gēngmíng wéi「 yuè nán shè huì zhù yì gòng hé guó」。 zhè cì zhàn zhēng zǒng gòng dǎo zhì sān bǎi bā shí wàn rén sǐ wáng， qí hòu yí zhèng zài zhàn zhēng jié shù zhī hòu 'èr shí nián yě wèi néng píng xī。 xiāng gǎng de yuè nán nànmín zhí dào 1997 nián zhī hòu cái quán bù bèi qiǎn fǎn yuè nán。 　　 　　【 tǒng yī yǔ gǎi gé】 　　 　　1973 nián 1 yuè yuè měi zài bā lí qiān dìng guān yú zài yuè nán jié shù zhàn zhēng、 huī fù hé píng de xié dìng， měi jūn kāi shǐ cóng nán fāng chè zǒu。 1975 nián 5 yuè nán fāng quán bù jiě fàng， 1976 nián 4 yuè xuǎn chū tǒng yī de guó huì， 7 yuè xuān bù quán guó tǒng yī， dìng guó míng wéi yuè nán shè huì zhù yì gòng hé guó。 　　 　　 yuè nán tǒng yī hòu， qí jūn duì lì jīng yuè zhàn chuí liàn， yōng yòu zhōng、 sū yuán zhù de dà pī zhuāng bèi jí jiǎo huò de měi zhì wǔ qì， zài qián sū lián de qiáng lì zhī chí xià， yuè gòng de kuò zhāng sī xiǎng yī dù péng zhàng。 chèn jiǎn bù zhài guó nèi mín yuàn（ hóng sè gāo mián） zhī jī dà jǔ rù qīn， bìng pài bīng kòng zhì lǎo wō； yòu pái huá bìng yǔ zhōng guó bào fā dà guī mó biān jìng chōng tū。 duō nián qióng bīng dú wǔ， dǎo zhì yuè nán jīng jì jīhū bēng kuì， dǎng nèi wài fǎn duì shēng làng bù duàn。 1986 nián yuè gòng lǐng dǎo rén lí sǔn sǐ hòu， cháng zhēng、 ruǎn wén líng xiān hòu jì rèn， duì wài tiáozhěng yǔ zhōng guó jí dōng méng lín guó de guān xì， duì nèi jìn xíng jīng jì tǐ zhì gǎi gé， shǐ yuè nán zǒu shàng xiāng duì wěn dìng de fā zhǎn dào lù。 　　 　　2006 nián , yuè tōng guò jiā qiáng dǎng de jiàn shè、 jiā dà fǎn fǔ lì dù、 jiě jué mín shēng wèn tí děng jǔ cuò , zēng qiáng níng jù lì , wéi hù shè huì zhèng zhì wěn dìng。 4 yuè 18 zhì 25 rì , yuè gòng shí dà zài hé nèi zhào kāi， tōng guò《 zhèng zhì bào gào》、《 2006-2010 nián wǔ nián jīng jì shè huì fā zhǎn fāng xiàng hé mù biāo de bào gào》、《 dǎng jiàn gōng zuò bào gào》 hé《 bǔ chōng hé xiū gǎi dǎng zhāng bào gào》 jué yì， xuǎn jǔ chǎn shēng shí jiè zhōng yāng lǐng dǎo jī gòu。 rèn wéi yuè yǐ chū bù xíng chéng gé xīn、 shè huì zhù yì shè huì hé zǒu shè huì zhù yì dào lù de lǐ lùn tǐ xì。 xiū gǎi bǔ chōng hòu de dǎng zhāng míng què tí chū yuè nán gòng chǎn dǎng shì gōng rén jiē jí de xiān fēng duì， tóng shí yě shì yuè láo dòng rén mín hé quán mín zú de xiān fēng duì。 　　2006 nián 6 yuè 27 rì， yuè gòng zhōng yāng zhèng zhì jú wěi yuán、 hú zhì míng shì shì wěi shū jì ruǎn míng zhé zài yuè nán dì shí yī jiè guó huì dì jiǔ cì huì yì xuǎn jǔ zhōng huò dé 94% de zàn chéng piào， dāng xuǎn wéi yuè nán guó jiā zhù xí . 　　 　　 　　 zhèng zhì 　　 　　 　　 　　【 xiàn fǎ】 yuè nán xiàn xíng xiàn fǎ shì dì sì bù xiàn fǎ， yú 1992 nián 4 yuè 15 rì zài bā jiè guó huì 11 cì huì yì shàng tōng guò， shì 1946 nián、 1959 nián、 1980 nián xiàn fǎ de jì chéng hé fā zhǎn， tǐ xiàn liǎo yuè gòng“ qī dà” tí chū de shè huì zhù yì mù biāo yǔ guó jiā quán miàn gé xīn lù xiàn。 xiàn fǎ guī dìng： yuè nán shè huì zhù yì gòng hé guó guó jiā zhèng quán shǔ yú rén mín， yuè nán gòng chǎn dǎng yǐ mǎ kè sī liè níng zhù yì hé hú zhì míng sī xiǎng wéi zhǐ dǎo sī xiǎng。 2001 nián shí jiè guó huì 10 cì huì yì duì xiàn fǎ bù fēn tiáo kuǎn zuò chū xiū gǎi， què dìng yuè nán yào fā zhǎn“ shè huì zhù yì dìng xiàng” de shì chǎng jīng jì。 　　【 yì huì】 chēng guó huì， shì guó jiā zuì gāo quán lì jī guān， rèn qī 5 nián， tōng cháng měi nián jǔ xíng liǎng cì lì huì。 2007 nián 5 yuè， yuè jǔ xíng dì shí 'èr jiè guó huì dài biǎo xuǎn jǔ， gòng xuǎn chū 493 míng guó huì dài biǎo。 xiàn rèn guó huì zhù xí ruǎn fù zhòng（ NguyenPhuTrong）， 2006 nián 6 yuè 26 rì dāng xuǎn。 　　【 yuè nán zǔ guó zhèn xiàn】（ MatTranToQuocVietNam） shì yuè nán de tǒng yī zhàn xiàn zǔ zhì， chéng lì yú 1955 nián 9 yuè， nán běi fāng tǒng yī hòu yú 1977 nián tóng yuè nán nán fāng mín zú jiě fàng zhèn xiàn hé yuè nán mín zú、 mín zhù jí hé píng lì liàng lián méng hé bìng。 běn jiè zǔ guó zhèn xiàn zhōng yāng zhù xí tuán zhù xí fàn shì yuè（ PhamTheDuyet）。 　　【 zhèng fǔ】 guó jiā zuì gāo xíng zhèng jī guān。 běn jiè zhèng fǔ yú 2006 nián 6 yuè 27 rì zǔ chéng。 zǒng lǐ ruǎn jìn yǒng（ NguyenTanDung） , cháng wù fù zǒng lǐ ruǎn shēng xióng（ NguyenSinhHung）、 fù zǒng lǐ zhāng yǒng zhòng（ TruongVinhTrong）、 fù zǒng lǐ jiān wài cháng fàn jiā qiān（ PhamGiaKhiem）， guó fáng bù cháng féng guāng qīng（ PhungQuangThanh）、 gōng 'ān bù cháng lí hóng yīng（ LeHongAnh）、 sī fǎ bù cháng wāng zhū liú（ UongChuLuu）、 cái zhèng bù cháng wǔ wén róng（ VuVanVinh）、 mào yì bù cháng zhāng tíng xuǎn（ TruongDinhTuyen）、 láo dòng róng jūn yǔ shè huì bù cháng ruǎn shì nǚ gèn（ NguyenThiHang）、 jiāo tōng yùn shū bù cháng hú yì yǒng（ HoNghiaDung）、 jiàn shè bù cháng ruǎn hóng jūn（ NguyenHongQuan）、 shuǐ chǎn bù cháng xiè guāng yù（ TaQuangNgoc）、 wén huà tōng xùn bù cháng lí yǐn hé（ LeDoanHop）、 jiào yù péi xùn bù cháng ruǎn shàn rén（ NguyenThienNhan）、 nóng yè yǔ nóng cūn fā zhǎn bù cháng gāo dé fā（ CaoDucPhat）、 gōng yè bù cháng huáng zhōng hǎi（ HoangTrungHai）、 jìhuà tóu zī bù cháng wǔ hóng fú（ VoHongPhuc）、 wèi shēng bù cháng chén shì zhōng zhàn（ TranThiTrungChien）、 kē jì bù cháng huáng wén fēng（ HoangVanPhong）、 zī yuán huán jìng bù cháng méi 'ài zhí (MaiAiTruc)、 yóu zhèng diàn xìn bù cháng dù zhōng zuǒ（ DoTrungTa）、 nèi wù bù cháng dù guāng zhōng（ DoQuangTrung）、 zhèng fǔ zǒng jiān chá cháng chén wén chuán（ TranVanTruyen）、 guó jiā yínháng xíng cháng lí dé suì（ LeDucThuy）、 tǐ yù wěi yuán huì zhù rèn ruǎn míng tài（ NguyenDanhThai）、 mín zú wěi yuán huì zhù rèn kè suǒ fú（ KsorPhuoc）、 rén kǒu jiā tíng yǔ 'ér tóng wěi yuán huì zhù rèn lí shì qiū（ LeThiThu）。 zhèng fǔ bàn gōng tīng zhù rèn duàn mèng jiāo（ DoanManhGiao）。 　　【 xíng zhèng qū huá】 quán guó huàfēn wéi 59 gè shěng hé 5 gè zhí xiá shì。 　　5 gè zhí xiá shì gài kuàng： 　　 　　 hú zhì míng shì（ rén kǒu） 5378100（ miàn jī） 2,095 píng fāng gōng lǐ 　　 　　 xiàn gǎng（ rén kǒu） 715000（ miàn jī） 1,256 píng fāng gōng lǐ 　　 　　 hé nèi shì（ rén kǒu） 2154900（ miàn jī） 921 píng fāng gōng lǐ 　　 hǎi fáng shì（ rén kǒu） 1711100（ miàn jī） 1,503 píng fāng gōng lǐ 　　 　　 qín jū shì（ rén kǒu） 1112000（ miàn jī） 1,390 píng fāng gōng lǐ 　　 　　 　　【 sī fǎ jī gòu】 yóu zuì gāo rén mín fǎ yuàn、 zuì gāo rén mín jiǎn chá yuàn jí dì fāng fǎ yuàn、 dì fāng jiǎn chá yuàn hé jūn shì fǎ yuàn zǔ chéng。 xiàn rèn zuì gāo rén mín fǎ yuàn yuàn cháng ruǎn wén xiàn（ NguyenVanHien）， 2002 nián 8 yuè jiù rèn， zuì gāo rén mín jiǎn chá yuàn yuàn cháng hé mèng zhì（ HaManhTri）， 1997 nián 9 yuè jiù rèn， 2002 nián 8 yuè lián rèn。 　　【 zhèng dǎng】 yuè nán gòng chǎn dǎng（ DangCongSanVietNam） shì wéi yī zhèng dǎng， 1930 nián 2 yuè 3 rì chéng lì， tóng nián 10 yuè gǎi míng wéi yìn dù zhī nà gòng chǎn dǎng， 1951 nián gēngmíng wéi yuè nán láo dòng dǎng， 1976 nián gǎi yòng xiàn míng。 xiàn yòu dǎng yuán yuē 248 wàn rén， jī céng zǔ zhì 4 wàn duō gè， tóng shì jiè shàng 180 duō gè zhèng dǎng jiàn yòu dǎng jì guān xì。 　　 yuè gòng zhōng yāng zǒng shū jì wéi nóng dé mèng（ NongDucManh）。 zhèng zhì jú wěi yuán（ 14 rén）： nóng dé mèng、 lí hóng yīng (LeHongAnh)、 ruǎn jìn yǒng (NguyenTanDung)、 ruǎn míng zhé (NguyenMinhTriet)、 zhāng jìn chuàng (TruongTanSang)、 ruǎn fù zhòng (NguyenPhuTrong)、 fàn jiā qiān (PhamGiaKhiem)、 féng guāng qīng (PhungQuangThanh)、 zhāng yǒng zhòng (TruongVinhTrong)、 lí qīng hǎi (LeThanhHai)、 ruǎn shēng xióng (NguyenSinhHung)、 ruǎn wén zhī (NguyenVanChi)、 hú dé yuè (HoDucViet)、 fàn guāng yì (PhamQuangNghi); zhōng yāng shū jì chù shū jì（ 8 rén）： nóng dé mèng、 zhāng jìn chuàng、 zhāng yǒng zhòng、 ruǎn wén zhī、 hú dé yuè、 lí wén yǒng (LeVanDung)、 cóng shì fàng (TungThiPhong)、 sū huī rě (ToHuyRua)； zhōng yāng jiǎn chá wěi yuán huì wěi yuán（ 13 rén）： ruǎn wén zhī（ zhù rèn）、 ruǎn shì yuán（ NguyenThiDuyen）、 fàn shì hǎi chuán（ PhamThiHaiChuyen）、 chén hé (TranHoa)、 fàn zhì hé (PhamChiHoa)、 fàn shì huái (PhamThiHoe)、 lí hóng lián (LeHongLiem)、 lí wén jiǎng (LeVanGiang)、 ruǎn wén dǎn (NguyenVanDam)、 shā rú hé (SaNhuHoa)、 ruǎn míng guāng (NguyenMinhQuang)、 péi wén tǐ (BuiVanThe)、 sū guāng qiū (ToQuangThu)。 　　 　　【 zhòng yào rén wù】 nóng dé mèng： yuè gòng zhōng yāng zǒng shū jì。 1940 nián 9 yuè 11 rì shēng yú běi tài shěng nà xīng xiàn qiáng lì xiāng， dài yǐ zú。 1963 nián rù dǎng。 1966 ― 1971 nián fù yuán sū lián liè níng gé lè lín yè xué yuàn liú xué。 1974― 1976 nián zài ruǎn 'ài guó gāo jí dǎng xiào（ jīn hú zhì míng guó jiā zhèng zhì xué yuàn） xué xí。 1976― 1986 nián lì rèn běi tài shěng lín yè tīng fù tīng cháng、 tīng cháng， shěng rén wěi fù zhù xí、 zhù xí， shěng wěi fù shū jì、 shū jì。 1986 nián 12 yuè zài yuè gòng liù dà shàng dāng xuǎn hòu bǔ zhōng yāng wěi yuán， 1989 nián 3 yuè liù jiè liù zhōng quán huì zēng bǔ wéi zhōng yāng wěi yuán。 1989 nián 8 yuè rèn yuè gòng zhōng yāng mín zú bù bù cháng， tóng nián 11 yuè rèn guó huì mín zú wěi yuán huì fù zhù xí。 1991 nián 6 yuè zài yuè gòng qī dà shàngdàng xuǎn zhèng zhì jú wěi yuán。 1992 nián 9 yuè dāng xuǎn guó huì zhù xí。 1996 nián 6 yuè zài yuè gòng bā dà shàng lián rèn zhèng zhì jú wěi yuán。 1997 nián 9 yuè lián rèn guó huì zhù xí。 1998 nián 1 yuè dāng xuǎn zhèng zhì jú cháng wěi。 2001 nián 4 yuè zài yuè gòng jiǔ dà shàng dāng xuǎn zǒng shū jì， 2006 nián 4 yuè zài yuè gòng shí dà shàng lián rèn。 　　 céng yú 1994 nián 2 yuè hé 2000 nián 4 yuè shuài guó huì dài biǎo tuán fǎng huá， rèn yuè gòng zhōng yāng zǒng shū jì hòu xiān hòu yú 2001 nián 12 yuè、 2003 nián 4 yuè hé 2006 nián 8 yuè fǎng huá。 　　 ruǎn míng zhé： yuè gòng zhōng yāng zhèng zhì jú wěi yuán、 yuè nán guó jiā zhù xí。 1942 nián 10 yuè 8 rì shēng yú píng yáng shěng biān jí xiàn fù 'ān xiāng。 shù xué、 zhèng zhì xué xué shì。 1960― 1973 nián cān jiā nán fāng gé mìng huó dòng。 1974― 1987 nián zài hú zhì míng gòng qīng tuán zhōng yāng gōng zuò， céng rèn tuán zhōng yāng shū jì、 qīng lián fù zhù xí， bìng zài ruǎn 'ài guó gāo jí dǎng xiào xué xí。 1988 nián 1 yuè― 1996 nián 12 yuè， lì rèn xiǎo hé shěng shěng wěi wěi yuán、 fù shū jì、 shū jì， qī jiān 1991 nián 6 yuè zài yuè gòng qī dà shàngdàng xuǎn zhōng yāng wěi yuán， 1996 nián 6 yuè zài yuè gòng bā dà shàng lián rèn zhōng yāng wěi yuán。 1997 nián 1 yuè rèn hú zhì míng shì shì wěi fù shū jì。 1997 nián 12 yuè zài yuè gòng bā jiè sì zhōng quán huì shàngdàng xuǎn zhèng zhì jú wěi yuán。 1998― 1999 nián rèn yuè gòng zhōng yāng mín yùn bù bù cháng。 2000 nián 1 yuè zhì 2006 nián 6 yuè rèn hú zhì míng shì shì wěi shū jì， qī jiān zài 2001 nián 4 yuè yuè gòng jiǔ dà hé 2006 nián 4 yuè yuè gòng shí dà shàng jūn dāng xuǎn zhèng zhì jú wěi yuán。 2006 nián 6 yuè zài shí yī jiè jiǔ cì guó huì shàng dāng xuǎn guó jiā zhù xí。 1995 nián 4 yuè shuài xiǎo hé shěng dài biǎo tuán fǎng huá， 2000 nián 7 yuè shuài yuè nán gòng chǎn dǎng dài biǎo tuán fǎng huá， rèn guó jiā zhù xí hòu yú 2007 nián 5 yuè fǎng huá。 　　 ruǎn jìn yǒng： yuè gòng zhōng yāng zhèng zhì jú wěi yuán、 yuè nán zhèng fǔ zǒng lǐ。 1949 nián 11 yuè 17 rì shēng yú jīn 'ōu shěng tài píng xiàn。 1967 nián rù dǎng。 fǎ lǜ xué shì。 1961 nián cān jūn， céng rèn tuán zhèng wěi、 jiān jiāng shěng jūn shì zhǐ huī bù gànbù bù cháng。 1981― 1994 nián lì rèn jiān jiāng shěng wěi zǔ zhì bù fù bù cháng、 cháng wù fù shū jì、 shěng rén wěi zhù xí、 shěng wěi shū jì， bìng zài ruǎn 'ài guó gāo jí dǎng xiào xué xí， qī jiān 1991 nián zài yuè gòng qī dà shàngdàng xuǎn zhōng yāng wěi yuán。 1995 nián 1 yuè― 1996 nián 5 yuè rèn nèi wù bù fù bù cháng。 1996 nián 6 yuè zài yuè gòng bā dà shàngdàng xuǎn zhèng zhì jú wěi yuán、 cháng wěi， rèn zhōng yāng jīng jì bù bù cháng。 1997 nián 9 yuè rèn zhèng fǔ cháng wù fù zǒng lǐ。 1998 nián 4 yuè qǐ jiān rèn guó jiā yínháng xíng cháng。 2001 nián 4 yuè zài yuè gòng jiǔ dà shàng zài cì dāng xuǎn zhèng zhì jú wěi yuán。 2002 nián 8 yuè lián rèn zhèng fǔ cháng wù fù zǒng lǐ。 2006 nián 4 yuè zài yuè gòng shí dà shàng lián rèn zhèng zhì jú wěi yuán， tóng nián 6 yuè zài shí yī jiè jiǔ cì guó huì shàngdàng xuǎn zhèng fǔ zǒng lǐ。 1994 nián yǐ lái， xiān hòu 6 cì fǎng huá。 2006 nián 10 yuè shuài tuán chū xí zhōng guó - dōng méng jiàn lì duì huà guān xì 15 zhōu nián jì niàn fēng huì jì nán bó huì， bìng shùn fǎng guǎng xī。 　　 　　 　　 jīng jì 　　 　　【 jīng jì】 yuè nán xì fā zhǎn zhōng guó jiā。 1986 nián kāi shǐ shí xíng gé xīn kāi fàng。 1996 nián yuè gòng bā dà tí chū yào dà lì tuī jìn guó jiā gōng yè huà、 xiàn dài huà。 2001 nián yuè gòng jiǔ dà què dìng jiàn lì shè huì zhù yì dìng xiàng de shì chǎng jīng jì tǐ zhì， bìng què dìng liǎo sān dà jīng jì zhàn lüè zhòng diǎn， jí yǐ gōng yè huà hé xiàn dài huà wéi zhōng xīn， fā zhǎn duō zhǒng jīng jì chéng fèn、 fā huī guó yòu jīng jì zhù dǎo dì wèi， jiàn lì shì chǎng jīng jì de pèi tào guǎn lǐ tǐ zhì。 jīng guò 'èr shí nián de gé xīn， yuè jīng jì bǎo chí jiào kuài zēngzhǎng， 1990-2006 nián guó nèi shēng chǎn zǒng zhí nián jūn zēngzhǎng 7.7%， jīng jì zǒng liàng bù duàn kuò dà， sān chǎn jié gòu qū xiàng xié diào， duì wài kāi fàng shuǐ píng bù duàn tí gāo， jī běn xíng chéng liǎo yǐ guó yòu jīng jì wéi zhù dǎo、 duō zhǒng jīng jì chéngfèn gòng tóng fā zhǎn de gé jú。 　　2006 nián， yuè zhèng shì jiā rù WTO， bìng chéng gōng jǔ bàn APEC lǐng dǎo rén fēi zhèng shì huì yì， yuè nán jīng jì jì xù fā zhǎn。 zhèng fǔ cǎi qǔ cuò shī tiáozhěng jīng jì jié gòu， zēng jiā gōng yè、 jiàn zhù hé fú wù yè bǐ zhòng， jiàng dī nóng yè、 lín yè hé shuǐ chǎn pǐn yè bǐ zhòng。 wán shàn shì chǎng jīng jì tǐ zhì， gǎi shàn tóu zī huán jìng。 jīng jì bǎo chí kuài sù zēngzhǎng， zhù yào jīng jì zhǐ biāo jūn huò wán chéng hé chāo 'é wán chéng， dàn tóng shí yě miàn lín zēngzhǎng zhì liàng hé xiào yì dī、 jié gòu tiáozhěng shàng wèi dào wèi děng zhì yuē yīn sù。 　　 guó nèi shēng chǎn zǒng zhí（ 2006 nián）： yuē 573 yì měi yuán 　　 guó nèi shēng chǎn zǒng zhí zēngchánglǜ（ 2006 nián）： 8.17% 　　 rén jūn guó nèi shēng chǎn zǒng zhí（ 2006 nián）： yuē 722 měi yuán 　　 huò bì míng chēng : yuè nán dùn（ Dong） 　　 huì shuài :1 měi yuán ≈ 16000 yuè dùn（ 2006 nián 12 yuè） 　　 wù jià shàng zhǎng zhǐ shù（ 2006 nián） :6.6% 　　 chéng shì shī yè shuài（ 2006 nián） :4.4% 　　 wài huì chǔ bèi（ 2006 nián）： yuē 120 yì měi yuán 　　【 zī yuán】 yuè nán kuàng chǎn zī yuán fēng fù， zhǒng lèi duō yàng。 zhù yào yòu méi、 tiě、 tài、 měng、 gè、 lǚ、 xī、 lín děng， qí zhōng méi、 tiě、 lǚ chǔ liàng jiào dà。 yòu 6845 zhǒng hǎi yáng shēng wù， qí zhōng yú lèi 2000 zhǒng， xiè 300 zhǒng， bèi lèi 300 zhǒng， xiā lèi 75 zhǒng。 sēn lín miàn jī yuē 1000 wàn gōng qǐng。 　　【 gōng yè】 2006 nián， yuè nán gōng yè chǎn zhí 490.82 wàn yì yuè dùn， bǐ shàng nián zēngzhǎng 17%。 qí zhōng， guó yòu qǐ yè chǎn zhí zēngzhǎng 9.1%， wài guó dú zī qǐ yè chǎn zhí zēngzhǎng 23.9%， hé zī qǐ yè chǎn zhí zēngzhǎng 18.8%。 　　 jìn nián gōng yè zǒng chǎn zhí jí gòu chéng qíng kuàng 　　2003 nián 2004 nián 2005 nián 　　 gōng yè zǒng chǎn zhí（ wàn yì dùn） 302.99354414.88 　　 zēngchánglǜ（ %） 161617.2% 　　 guó yòu qǐ yè（ wàn yì dùn） 117.289131.6 　　 fēi guó yòu qǐ yè（ wàn yì dùn） 75.90696.2 　　 wài zī qǐ yè（ wàn yì dùn） 91.906109.795126.3 　　（ zī liào lái yuán： yuè nán tǒng jì zǒng jú） 　　 　　【 nóng yè】 yuè nán shì chuán tǒng nóng yè guó， nóng yè rén kǒu yuē zhàn zǒng rén kǒu de 75%。 gēng dì jí lín dì zhàn zǒng miàn jī de 60%。 liáng shí zuò wù bāo kuò dào mǐ、 yù mǐ、 mǎ líng shǔ、 fān shǔ hé mù shǔ děng， jīng jì zuò wù zhù yào yòu kā fēi、 xiàng jiāo、 yāo guǒ、 chá yè、 huā shēng、 cán sī děng。 2006 nián yuè nóng lín yú yè zǒng chǎn zhí（ àn gù dìng jià gé jì suàn） bǐ 2005 nián zēngzhǎng 4.4%， yuē zhàn GDP de 20.40%。 nóng yè chǎn zhí tóng bǐ zēngzhǎng 3.6%， qí zhōng liáng shí chǎn liàng 3965 wàn dūn， bǐ shàng nián zēngzhǎng 0.1%； lín yè chǎn zhí tóng bǐ zēngzhǎng 1.2%； yú yè chǎn zhí wéi tóng bǐ zēngzhǎng 7.7%。 　　【 fú wù yè】 jìn nián yuè nán fú wù yè bǎo chí jiào kuài zēngzhǎng， 2006 nián fú wù yè hé shāng pǐn líng shòu zǒng shōu rù wéi 580.7 wàn yì yuè dùn（ yǐ shí jì jià gé jì suàn）， tóng bǐ zēngzhǎng 20.9%； kòu chú wù jià yīn sù， zēngzhǎng 13%。 qí zhōng guó yòu jīng jì zēngzhǎng 8.2%， jí tǐ jīng jì zēngzhǎng 20.8%， gè tǐ jīng jì zēngzhǎng 22.4%， sī yòu jīng jì zēngzhǎng 25%， wài zī jīng jì zēngzhǎng 21.5%。 　　【 lǚ yóu yè】 yuè nán lǚ yóu zī yuán fēng fù， 5 chù fēng jǐng míng shèng bèi lián hé guó jiào kē wén zǔ zhì liè wéi shì jiè wén huà hé zì rán yí chǎn。 jìn nián lái lǚ yóu yè zēngzhǎng xùn sù， jīng jì xiào yì xiǎn zhù。 2006 nián quán nián jiē dài guó wài yóu kè 358 wàn rén cì， bǐ shàng nián zēngzhǎng 3%。 guó nèi yóu kè 1450 wàn rén cì。 zhù yào kè yuán guó（ dì qū） wéi zhōng guó（ 51.63 wàn）、 hán guó（ 42.17 wàn）、 měi guó（ 38.56 wàn）、 rì běn（ 38.39 wàn）、 tái wān（ 27.27 wàn）、 ào dà lì yà（ 17.25 wàn）、 jiǎn bù zhài（ 15.50 wàn）、 fǎ guó（ 13.23 wàn）、 tài guó（ 12.38 wàn）、 mǎ lái xī yà（ 10.56 wàn）、 xīn jiā pō（ 10.49 wàn）。 zhù yào lǚ yóu jǐng diǎn yòu： hé nèi shì de hái jiàn hú、 hú zhì míng líng mù、 wén miào、 bā tíng guǎng chǎng； hú zhì míng shì de tǒng yī gōng、 yá lóng gǎng kǒu、 lián tán gōng yuán、 gǔ zhī dì dào hé guǎng níng shěng de xià lóng wān děng。 　　【 jiāo tōng yùn shū】 jìn nián lái， jiāo tōng yùn shū yè jīng guò zhòng zǔ， tí gāo fú wù zhì liàng， qǔ dé liǎo jiào hǎo de jīng jì xiào yì。 dàn jiāo tōng yùn shū réng wéi yuè jīng jì fā zhǎn de bó ruò huán jié。 2006 nián kè yùn liàng wéi 13.866 yì rén cì， huò yùn liàng 3.504 yì dūn， fēn bié bǐ shàng nián zēngzhǎng 9.1% hé 8.1%。 　　 tiě lù： wǎng luò bāo kuò 6 tiáo gān xiàn hé yī xiē zhī xiàn， zǒng cháng 3220 gōng lǐ， gànxiàn quán cháng 2700 gōng lǐ。 yòu 410 gè jī chē tóu， qí zhōng 150 duō gè shì zhēng qì jī chē tóu。 2005 nián kè yùn liàng 0.128 yì rén cì， huò yùn liàng 884 wàn dūn。 　　 gōng lù： zǒng cháng 13 wàn duō gōng lǐ（ qí zhōng 1.4 wàn gōng lǐ guó dào， 1.5 wàn gōng lǐ shěng dào， qí yú shì lián jiē gè xiàn xiāng de gōng lù）。 bǎi yóu lù、 shuǐ ní lù yuē zhàn 10%， qì chē zǒng shù 7 wàn liàng， huò chē 8.8 wàn liàng， kè chē 6.1 wàn liàng。 2005 nián kè yùn liàng 10.94 yì rén， huò yùn liàng 2.12 yì dūn。 　　 shuǐ yùn： shuǐ lù zǒng cháng 1.1 wàn gōng lǐ， nèi hé shuǐ yùn yòu 854 sōu tuō chuán、 28470 sōu huò chuán、 1355 sōu bó chuán， yùn shū néng lì yuē 163 wàn dūn。 hǎi yùn yòu 610 sōu huò chuán、 6 sōu bó chuán， yùn shū néng lì 84 wàn dūn。 jiāo tōng bù zhí jiē guǎn xiá de 8 dà gǎng kǒu wéi guǎng níng、 hǎi fáng、 lú mén、 guī rén、 yì 'ān、 yá zhuāng、 xiàn gǎng hé xī gòng gǎng。 2005 nián kè yùn liàng 1.71 yì rén， huò yùn liàng 6298 wàn dūn。 　　 kōng yùn： quán guó gòng yòu dà xiǎo jī chǎng 90 gè， qí zhōng 15 gè wèimín yòng jī chǎng。 3 gè guó jì jī chǎng fēn bié wéi： nèi pái jī chǎng（ hé nèi shì）、 xiàn gǎng jī chǎng（ xiàn gǎng shì） hé xīn shān yī jī chǎng（ hú zhì míng shì）。 yuán yòng kè jī dà duō wéi qián sū lián zhì zào， jìn jǐ nián tōng guò xiàng xī fāng gōng sī gòu mǎi hé zū yòng， zhèng zhú bù yóu 'ōu měi jī xíng suǒ qǔ dài。 2005 nián kè yùn liàng wéi 680 wàn rén， huò yùn liàng 10.51 wàn dūn。 　　 guǎn dào yùn shū： qì yóu guǎn dào yùn shū jiàn yú 60 nián dài， xiàn yòu 275 gōng lǐ cháng de B12 shū yóu guǎn dào， shè jì néng lì wéi 100 wàn dūn / nián。 　　【 cái zhèng jīn róng】 2006 nián cái zhèng shōu rù wán chéng nián jìhuà， cái zhèng shōu rù 272.88 wàn yì yuè dùn， chāo chū nián chū yù suàn 11.0%。 cái zhèng zhī chū 321.38 wàn yì yuè dùn， chāo chū nián chū yù suàn 9.2%。 2006 nián fā xíng zhèng fǔ zhài quàn 106.66 yì měi yuán。 2003-2006 nián gòng fā xíng zhèng fǔ zhài quàn（ bāo kuò wài bì） wài zhài yuē 309.80 yì měi yuán。 　　 jìn nián lái cái zhèng shōu zhī qíng kuàng 　　2004 nián 2005 nián 2006 nián 　　 cái zhèng shōu rù（ wàn yì yuè dùn） 171.03199.42272.88 　　 cái zhèng zhī chū（ wàn yì yuè dùn） 210.2251.19321.38 　　 cái zhèng chì zì（ wàn yì yuè dùn） 39.1751.7748.5 　　（ zī liào lái yuán： yuè nán tǒng jì zǒng jú） 　　【 duì wài mào yì】 yuè nán hé shì jiè shàng 150 duō gè guó jiā hé dì qū yòu mào yì guān xì。 jìn nián lái yuè duì wài mào yì bǎo chí gāo sù zēngzhǎng， duì lā dòng jīng jì fā zhǎn qǐ dào liǎo zhòng yào zuò yòng。 2006 nián jìn chū kǒu mào yì zǒng 'é yuē wéi 840 yì měi yuán， mào yì nì chā 51 yì měi yuán。 qí zhōng chū kǒu 396 yì měi yuán， zēngzhǎng 22.8%， jìn kǒu 444 yì měi yuán， zēngzhǎng 21.4%。 　　 fú wù yè chū kǒu zǒng 'é yuē 51 yì měi yuán， tóng bǐ zēngzhǎng 19.6%。 qí zhōng lǚ yóu yè zēngzhǎng 23.9%， háng kōng yùn shū yè zēngzhǎng 35.5%, háng kōng fú wù yè zēngzhǎng 27.5%, jīn róng yè zēngzhǎng 22.7%。 2006 nián fú wù yè jìn kǒu zǒng 'é wéi 51.2 yì měi yuán , tóng bǐ zēngzhǎng 14.3%。 qí zhōng lǚ yóu yè zēngzhǎng 16.7%， yùn fèi、 bǎo xiǎn fèi zhàn 33.7%， zēngzhǎng 20.1%。 　　 jìn nián duì wài mào yì qíng kuàng（ dān wèi： yì měi yuán） 　　2004 nián 2005 nián 2006 nián 　　 zǒng 'é 575691840 　　 chū kǒu 'é 260322396 　　 jìn kǒu 'é 315369444 　　 nì chā -55-47-51 　　 yuè nán zhù yào mào yì duì xiàng wéi měi guó、 ōu méng、 dōng méng、 rì běn yǐ jí zhōng guó。 2006 nián， xiàng jiāo hé kā fēi de chū kǒu 'é chāo guò 10 yì měi yuán， shǐ yuè nán 10 yì měi yuán yǐ shàng de zhù yào chū kǒu shāng pǐn zēng jiā dào yòu jiǔ zhǒng， fēn bié wéi： yuán yóu、 fú zhuāng fǎng zhì pǐn、 shuǐ hǎi chǎn pǐn、 xié lèi、 diàn zǐ chǎn pǐn、 mù cái、 dà mǐ、 xiàng jiāo、 kā fēi。 4 zhǒng chuán tǒng chū kǒu shāng pǐn yuán yóu、 fú zhuāng fǎng zhì pǐn、 shuǐ hǎi chǎn pǐn、 xié lèi jūn zài 33 yì měi yuán yǐ shàng， qí zhōng yuán yóu wéi 83 yì měi yuán。 zhù yào chū kǒu shì chǎng wéi 'ōu méng、 měi guó、 rì běn、 zhōng guó。 zhù yào jìn kǒu shāng pǐn yòu : jī xiè shè bèi jí líng jiàn、 chéng pǐn yóu、 gāng cái、 fǎng zhì yuán liào、 pí gé、 bù pǐ。 qí zhōng chéng pǐn yóu wéi 58 yì měi yuán， gāng cái wéi 29 yì měi yuán。 zhù yào jìn kǒu shì chǎng wéi zhōng guó、 tái wān dì qū、 xīn jiā pō、 rì běn、 hán guó。 　　【 wài guó zī běn】 jié zhǐ dào 2006 nián dǐ， yuè nán lěi jì xī yǐn wài zī xié yì zǒng 'é 604.7 yì měi yuán。 wài zī de jìn rù duì yuè yǐn jìn xiān jìn shēng chǎn jì shù hé guǎn lǐ jīng yàn， tuī dòng jīng jì zēngzhǎng， jiě jué jiù yè qǐ dào liǎo zhòng yào zuò yòng。 　　 wài guó zhí jiē tóu zī jì xù zēng jiā。 jié zhì 2006 nián dǐ， wài guó lěi jì zài yuè tóu zī xié yì jīn 'é 600 yì měi yuán， xié yì xiàng mù 6813 gè。 zài yuè zǒng tóu zī pái míng qián wǔ wèi de guó jiā hé dì qū yǐ cì shì tái wān、 xīn jiā pō、 rì běn、 hán guó hé xiāng gǎng， zhàn suǒ yòu wài zī de 60.6%。 xī yǐn tóu zī zuì duō de shěng shì yǐ cì shì hú zhì míng shì（ 23.4%）、 hé nèi shì（ 16.7%）、 tóng nài shěng（ 15%）、 píng yáng shěng（ 10%）。 2006 nián， quán nián xīn pī zhǔn wài zī xiàng mù 797 gè， xié yì jīn 'é 75.7 yì měi yuán。 jiā shàng yǐ qián xiàng mùdì zhuī jiā tóu zī gòng jì xī yǐn wài zī 105 yì měi yuán， tóng bǐ zēng jiā 49.1%。 shí jì lì yòng wài zī 41 yì měi yuán， tóng bǐ zēngzhǎng 18.7%。 　　【 wài guó yuán zhù】 zì 1993 nián guó jì shè huì huī fù duì yuè yuán zhù yǐ lái， 2006 nián yuè huò dé de guān fāng fā zhǎn yuán zhù（ ODA） dá 26.66 yì měi yuán， qí zhōng dài kuǎn 24.12 yì měi yuán， wú cháng yuán zhù 2.54 yì měi yuán。 dào wèi zī jīn wéi 17.8 yì měi yuán。 2006 nián 12 yuè yuán yuè zī shāng huì yì shàng， gè guó zhèng fǔ hé guó jì zǔ zhì chéng nuò 2007 nián dù xiàng yuè tí gōng ODA yuán zhù 44.45 yì měi yuán， chuàng lì shǐ zuì gāo jì lù。 　　 rén mín shēng huó 2006 nián， yuè jū mín shēng huó wěn dìng。 suí zhe jīng jì chí xù zēngzhǎng， chéng shì jū mín de shēng huó shuǐ píng yòu suǒ tí gāo。 yóu yú nóng chǎn pǐn hé shí pǐn jià gé tí gāo， nóng cūn jū mín de shēng huó yě yòu suǒ gǎi shàn。 quán nián wù jià shàng zhǎng zhǐ shù wéi 6.6%。 2006 nián quán guó pín kùn hù hé pín kùn dì qū de shù liàng jì xù jiǎn shǎo， pín kùn rén kǒu xià jiàng dào 18.1%。 dàn shì bù tóng hángyè、 bù tóng dì fāng de láo dòng zhě shōu rù chā jù jiào dà。 2006 nián chéng shì shī yè shuài wéi 4.4%。 jié zhì 2005 nián dǐ， yuè quán guó diàn huà yòng hù wéi 1584.5 wàn bù； 2006 nián rén kǒu zēngchánglǜ wéi 1.21%, rén kǒu chū shēng shuài wéi 17.4 ‰， rén kǒu sǐ wáng shuài wéi 5.3‰。 2005 nián gòng yòu gè jí yī yuàn 13243 suǒ， bìng chuáng 197200 zhāng。 　　 　　 jūn shì 　　 　　 　　【 jūn shì】 yuè nán rén mín jūn yú 1944 nián 12 yuè 22 rì jiàn jūn。 shí xíng zhù lì bù duì、 dì fāng bù duì hé mín bīng zì wèi duì zǔ chéng de sān jié hé“ quán mín guó fáng” tǐ zhì。 guó jiā guó fáng yǔ 'ān quán wěi yuán huì zhù xí yóu guó jiā zhù xí ruǎn míng zhé jiān rèn。 mù qián zǒng bīng lì yuē wéi 50 wàn， qí zhōng lù jūn 35 wàn， hǎi jūn jìn 3 wàn， fáng kōng－ kōng jūn 5 wàn。 nián jūn guó fáng yù suàn yuē 10 yì měi yuán。 　　 　　 kē jiào wén huà 　　 　　【 jiào yù】 mù qián yuè nán yǐ xíng chéng bāo kuò yòu 'ér jiào yù、 chū děng jiào yù、 zhōng děng jiào yù、 gāo děng jiào yù、 shī fàn jiào yù、 zhí yè jiào yù jí chéng rén jiào yù zài nèi de jiào yù tǐ xì。 pǔ tōng jiào yù xué zhì wéi 12 nián， fēn wéi sān gè jiē duàn： dì yī jiē duàn wéi 5 nián xiǎo xué， dì 'èr jiē duàn wéi 4 nián chū zhōng， dì sān jiē duàn wéi 3 nián gāo zhōng。 2000 nián yuè xuān bù yǐ jī běn shí xiàn pǔ jí xiǎo xué yì wù jiào yù mù biāo。 2001 nián kāi shǐ pǔ jí 9 nián yì wù jiào yù。 2005 nián， yuè quán guó zài xiào dà、 zhōng、 xiǎo xué xué shēng yuē 2200 wàn míng。 quán guó gòng yòu 27227 suǒ sān jí pǔ tōng xué xiào， 255 suǒ gāo děng yuàn xiào。 2005 nián gāo xiào zài xiào xué shēng yuē 140 wàn rén。 zhù míng gāo xiào yòu hé nèi guó jiā dà xué、 hú zhì míng shì guó jiā dà xué、 shùn huà dà xué、 tài yuán dà xué、 xiàn gǎng dà xué děng。 　　2005-2006 nián dù gè jí xué xiào、 xué shēng jí jiào shī qíng kuàng rú xià： 　　 xué qián jiào yù zhōng xiǎo xué jiào yù gāo děng jiào yù 　　 xué xiào 10927（ suǒ） 27227（ suǒ） 255（ suǒ） 　　 jiào shī（ rén） 11722678050048600 　　 xué shēng（ rén） 2426876166492001404700 　　（ zī liào lái yuán： yuè nán tǒng jì zǒng jú） 　　 　　【 xīn wén chū bǎn】 yuè nán xīn wén chū bǎn fǎ guī dìng bào zhǐ yóu guó jiā kòng zhì。 zhōng yāng jí dì fāng xīn wén dān wèi gòng 450 jiā。 zhù yào chū bǎn shè yòu zhèng zhì chū bǎn shè、 wén huà chū bǎn shè、 wén xué chū bǎn shè、 kē jì chū bǎn shè、 jiào yù chū bǎn shè hé shì jiè chū bǎn shè děng。 2005 nián， gè zhǒng chū bǎn wù 17800 zhǒng， nián fā xíng liàng 2.52 yì cè。 bào shè yuē 150 jiā， qí yú wéi xíng yè xiǎo bào。 　　 　　 zhù yào bào kān yòu：《 rén mín bào》， yuè gòng zhōng yāng jī guān bào， 1951 nián chuàng kān， zài guó wài shè yòu 3 gè fēn zhī jī gòu， 1998 nián 5 yuè kāi shè diàn zǐ bǎn；《 rén mín jūn duì bào》， yuè nán rén mín jūn zǒng zhèng zhì jú jī guān bào；《 dà tuán jié bào》， zǔ guó zhèn xiàn zhōng yāng jī guān bào；《 xī gòng jiě fàng bào》（ yuè wén hé zhōng wén bǎn）， yuè gòng hú zhì míng shì wěi jī guān bào；《 gòng chǎn zhù yì》 yuè kān， yuè gòng zhōng yāng zhèng zhì lǐ lùn kān wù， 1956 nián chuàng kān， 2001 nián shè diàn zǐ bǎn；《 quán mín guó fáng》 yuè kān。 　　 　　 yuè nán tōng xùn shè： guó jiā tōng xùn shè， 1945 nián chuàng lì， 1976 nián yuè nán nán fāng jiě fàng tōng xùn shè yǔ zhī hé bìng。 zài quán guó gè shěng shì jūn shè yòu fēn shè， zhù wài fēn shè yòu 16 gè。 1998 nián 8 yuè kāi shè hù lián wǎng（ yuè、 yīng、 fǎ、 xī bān yá wén）。 　　 　　“ yuè nán zhī shēng” guǎng bō diàn tái： chéng lì yú 1954 nián， yòu sì tào duì nèi jié mù， yòng yuè nán yǔ jí shù zhǒng shǎo shù mín zú yǔ yán bō yīn， měi tiān guǎng bō 98 xiǎo shí； duì wài guǎng bō yòng zhōng guó pǔ tōng huà、 guǎng dōng huà、 é yǔ、 yīng yǔ、 fǎ yǔ、 xī bān yá yǔ、 rì yǔ、 tài yǔ、 lǎo wō yǔ、 jiǎn bù zhài yǔ、 yìn ní yǔ、 mǎ lái yǔ děng。 měi rì bō yīn shí shù wéi 26 xiǎo shí。 　　 yuè nán zhōng yāng diàn shì tái： chéng lì yú 1971 nián， kě tóng shí bō sòng sì tào jié mù， měi tiān bō chū yuē 21 xiǎo shí。 　　 　　 zhù yào wǎng zhǐ： 　　 yuè nán tōng xùn shè： http://www.vnagency.com.vn/； 　　 yuè nán rén mín bào： http://www.nhandan.org.vn/； 　　 yuè nán gòng chǎn dǎng： http://www.cpv.org.vn/； 　　 yuè nán guó huì： http://www.na.gov.vn/； 　　 yuè nán wài jiāo bù： http://www.mofa.gov.vn/。 　　 　　 　　 　　 wài jiāo 　　 　　 duì wài guān xì fèng xíng quán fāng wèi、 duō yàng huà de dú lì zì zhù wài jiāo lù xiàn， duì wài gōng zuò zhòng diǎn shì“ róng rù guó jì shè huì、 gǎo hǎo zhōu biān guān xì、 tuǒ shàn chǔlǐ dà guó guān xì”。 2006 nián jī jí kāi zhǎn duì wài jiāo wǎng， dì qū hé guó jì dì wèi rì yì tí gāo。 yuè chéng gōng jǔ bàn APEC lǐng dǎo rén fēi zhèng shì huì yì， bèi shì mào zǔ zhì jiē nà wéi dì 150 gè chéng yuán， bèi yà zhōu guó jiā tuī jǔ wéi 2008-2009 nián rèn qī lián hé guó 'ān lǐ huì fēi cháng rèn lǐ shì guó yà zhōu wéi yī hòu xuǎn guó。 2006 nián， gòng yòu 12 wèi wài guó yuán shǒu， 17 wèi zhèng、 fù zǒng lǐ， 12 wèi guó huì zhèng、 fù yì cháng fǎng wèn yuè nán。 xiàn yǐ yǔ 169 gè guó jiā jiàn jiāo， bìng tóng 20 gè guó jì zǔ zhì jí 480 duō gè fēi zhèng fǔ zǔ zhì jiàn lì hé zuò guān xì。 　　 　　【 duì dāng qián zhòng dà guó jì wèn tí de tài dù】 guó jì xíng shì： hé píng、 hé zuò yǔ fā zhǎn réng shì shí dài de zhù liú。 shì jiè hé qū yù jīng jì xíng shì jì xù hǎo zhuǎn， dàn yě cún zài bù què dìng yīn sù。 jīng jì quán qiú huà wéi fā zhǎn zhōng guó jiā tí gōng liǎo jī yù， yě dài lái liǎo tiǎo zhàn。 yuè jiāng jì xù fèng xíng dú lì zì zhù、 hé píng、 hé zuò yǔ fā zhǎn de duì wài lù xiàn， shí xíng kāi fàng、 quán fāng wèi、 duō yàng huà de wài jiāo zhèng cè， jī jí cānyù guó jì dì qū hé zuò jìn chéng， zhù dòng hé jī jí róng rù shì jiè jīng jì， nǔ lì wèiguó nèi jīng jì jiàn shè yíng zào hé píng、 yòu lì de guó jì huán jìng。 fǎn kǒng wèn tí： qiǎn zé hé fǎn duì yī qiē xíng shì de kǒng bù huó dòng， yuàn yǔ měi guó yǐ jí guó jì shè huì jìn xíng fǎn kǒng hé zuò。 fǎn duì jiè fǎn kǒng gān shè bié guó nèi zhèng， qiáng diào guó jì shè huì bì xū zài zūn zhòng lián hé guó xiàn zhāng、 guó jì fǎ、 mín zú dú lì hé guó jiā zhù quán de jī chǔ shàng jìn xíng nǔ lì， bǎ kǒng bù zhù yì cóng rén lèi shēng huó zhōng chè dǐ chǎn chú。 tóng shí hūyù měi guó jí qí tā guó jiā tóng yuè hé zuò， yán lì dǎ jī fǎn yuè kǒng bù yīn móu hé huó dòng。 lián hé guó gǎi gé： rèn wéi lián hé guó gǎi gé yīngyǒu zhù yú tí gāo lián hé guó de zuò yòng、 quán wēi hé xiàolǜ， wéi hù shì jiè hé píng yǔ 'ān quán yǐ jí yìng duì xīn tiǎo zhàn hé xīn wēi xié de néng lì， tuī dòng gè chéng yuán guó de gòng tóng fā zhǎn， wéi luò shí qiān nián fā zhǎn mù biāo fú wù。 ān lǐ huì gǎi gé yìng cóng lián hé guó cháng yuǎn lì yì chū fā， gēn jù guó jì guān xì mín zhù huà yuán zé， zài guǎng fàn xié shāng de jī chǔ shàng zēng jiā fā zhǎn zhōng guó jiā de dài biǎo xìng， xún qiú jiān gù gè fāng lì yì de jiě jué bàn fǎ。 　　【 tóng zhōng guó de guān xì】 zhōng yuè liǎng guó yú 1950 nián 1 yuè 18 rì jiàn jiāo。 　　2006 nián zhōng yuè guān xì jì xù bǎo chí liáng hǎo fā zhǎn shì tóu， gè gè lǐng yù de yǒu hǎo jiāo wǎng yǔ hé zuò jìn yī bù shēn huà。 liǎng guó gāo céng bǎo chí pín fán jiē chù， liǎng dǎng zǒng shū jì chéng gōng shí xiàn hù fǎng， liǎng guó zǒng lǐ zài duō biān chǎng hé liǎng dù zhèng shì huì wù， zhèng zhì guān xì bù duàn jiā qiáng； wài jiāo、 gōng 'ān、 guó fáng、 ān quán děng bù mén hé zuò jìn yī bù shēn huà； shuāng biān mào yì 'é dà fú zēngzhǎng， dà xíng jīng jì hé zuò xiàng mù yòu xù kāi zhǎn； liǎng dǎng lǐ lùn jiāo liú hé qīng shàonián jiāo wǎng jìn zhǎn liáng hǎo。 　　 zhòng yào jiāo wǎng（ 2006 nián）： 　　 zhōng fāng fǎng yuè de yòu： 3 yuè， zhōng gòng zhōng yāng zhèng zhì jú cháng wěi、 quán guó zhèng xié zhù xí jiǎ qìng lín duì yuè nán jìn xíng zhèng shì yǒu hǎo fǎng wèn。 11 yuè， guó wù wěi yuán táng jiā xuán fù hé nèi chū xí zhōng yuè shuāng biān hé zuò zhǐ dǎo wěi yuán huì shǒu cì huì yì。 11 yuè， hú jǐn tāo zǒng shū jì、 guó jiā zhù xí duì yuè nán jìn xíng guó shì fǎng wèn， bìng chū xí zài hé nèi jǔ xíng de yà tài jīng hé zǔ zhì（ APEC） dì shí sì cì lǐng dǎo rén fēi zhèng shì huì yì。 　　 yuè fāng fǎng huá de yòu： 8 yuè， yuè gòng zhōng yāng zǒng shū jì nóng dé mèng duì huá jìn xíng zhèng shì yǒu hǎo fǎng wèn。 10 yuè， yuè nán zhèng fǔ zǒng lǐ ruǎn jìn yǒng yìng yāo chū xí zài nán níng jǔ xíng de zhōng guó－ dōng méng jiàn lì duì huà guān xì 15 zhōu nián jì niàn fēng huì hé dì sān jiè zhōng guó－ dōng méng bó lǎn huì jì shāng wù yǔ tóu zī fēng huì bìng shùn fǎng guǎng xī。 11 yuè， yuè nán zǔ guó zhèn xiàn zhōng yāng wěi yuán huì zhù xí fàn shì yuè fǎng huá。 　　 zhōng yuè biān jiè kān jiè tán pàn 　　2006 nián zhōng yuè liǎng guó jǔ xíng liǎo dì 11 lún（ 7 yuè） hǎi shàng wèn tí zhuān jiā xiǎo zǔ tán pàn， dì 17（ 8 yuè dǐ 9 yuè chū）、 18 lún（ 10 yuè） lù dì biān jiè lián hé kān jiè wěi yuán huì shǒu xí dài biǎo huì wù hé duō cì zhuān jiā huì yì， liǎng lún zhōng yuè běi bù wān wān kǒu wài hǎi yù huàjiè hé gòng tóng kāi fā tán pàn lián hé gōng zuò zǔ huì tán（ 1 yuè、 9 yuè）。 8 yuè， zhōng yuè běi bù wān yú yè lián hé wěi yuán huì dì sān jiè nián huì dì 'èr cì chóu bèi huì hé dì sān jiè nián huì zhèng shì huì yì zài hé nèi zhào kāi。 10 yuè 10 rì， zhōng guó、 yuè nán hé lǎo wō sān guó zài běi jīng qiān shǔ liǎo《 zhōng huá rén mín gòng hé guó、 yuè nán shè huì zhù yì gòng hé guó hé lǎo wō rén mín mín zhù gòng hé guó guān yú què dìng sān guó guó jiè jiāo jiè diǎn de tiáo yuē》。 　　 zhōng yuè jūn shì 'ān quán hé zuò 　　4 yuè， zhōng yāng jūn wěi fù zhù xí、 guó wù wěi yuán jiān guó fáng bù cháng cáo gāng chuān fǎng yuè。 5 yuè， zhōng yuè biān jìng dì qū hé zuò dǎ jī fàn zuì hé wéi hù shè huì zhì 'ān dì 'èr cì huì yì zài běi jīng jǔ xíng。 11 yuè， liǎng guó guó fáng bù jǔ xíng dì 'èr cì zhōng yuè fáng wù 'ān quán cuō shāng。 12 yuè， liǎng guó hǎi jūn zài běi bù wān hǎi yù jìn xíng dì 'èr cì lián hé xún luó。 　　 zhōng yuè jīng mào hé zuò（ bù hán gǎng 'ào tái duì yuè hé zuò） 　　2006 nián zhōng yuè shuāng biān mào yì 'é 99.5 yì měi yuán， tóng bǐ zēngzhǎng 21.4%。 zhōng guó duì yuè tóu zī zēngzhǎng shì tóu liáng hǎo， 2006 nián zhōng guó duì yuè tóu zī 3.27 yì měi yuán， liè dāng nián yuè wài zī páiháng bǎng dì 7 wèi。 jié zhì 2006 nián dǐ， zhōng guó lěi jì duì yuè zhí jiē tóu zī yòu xiào xiàng mù 407 gè， hé tóng zǒng 'é 10.69 yì měi yuán， liè yuè wài zī páiháng bǎng dì 14 wèi。 jié zhì 2006 nián dǐ， wǒ zài yuè lěi jì qiān dìng chéng bāo gōng chéng hé tóng zǒng 'é 56 yì měi yuán， wán chéng yíng yè 'é 19.2 yì měi yuán； qí zhōng 2006 nián xīn qiān hé tóng 'é 26.2 yì měi yuán， wán chéng yíng yè 'é 5.5 yì měi yuán。 　　 xiàn rèn zhōng guó zhù yuè dà shǐ hú qián wén， 2006 nián 3 yuè 17 rì dì jiāo guó shū。 　　 xiàn rèn yuè nán zhù huá dà shǐ chén wén lǜ， 2003 nián 1 yuè 27 rì dì jiāo guó shū。 　　 zhōng yuè lián hé xīn wén gōng bào 　　　　 yī、 yìng zhōng huá rén mín gòng hé guó zhù xí hú jǐn tāo yāo qǐng， yuè nán shè huì zhù yì gòng hé guó zhù xí ruǎn míng zhé yú 2007 nián 5 yuè 15 rì zhì 18 rì duì zhōng guó jìn xíng guó shì fǎng wèn。 fǎng wèn qī jiān， hú jǐn tāo zhù xí yǔ ruǎn míng zhé zhù xí jǔ xíng huì tán， quán guó rén mín dài biǎo dà huì cháng wù wěi yuán huì wěi yuán cháng wú bāng guó、 guó wù yuàn zǒng lǐ wēn jiā bǎo、 zhōng guó rén mín zhèng zhì xié shāng huì yì quán guó wěi yuán huì zhù xí jiǎ qìng lín fēn bié huì jiàn liǎo ruǎn míng zhé zhù xí。 shuāng fāng jiù shuāng biān guān xì jí gòng tóng guān xīn de guó jì hé dì qū wèn tí shēn rù jiāo huàn yì jiàn， dá chéng guǎng fàn gòng shí。 shuāng fāng yī zhì rèn wéi， fǎng wèn qǔ dé liǎo yuán mǎn chéng gōng， yòu lì dì tuī dòng liǎo zhōng yuè mù lín yǒu hǎo yǔ quán miàn hé zuò guān xì xiàng qián fā zhǎn。 　　　　 èr、 shuāng fāng duì zhōng yuè guān xì bù duàn gǒng gù hé fā zhǎn biǎo shì mǎn yì， yī zhì rèn wéi， zhōng yuè yǒu hǎo shì liǎng guó hé liǎng guó rén mín de bǎo guì cái fù， shuāng fāng yìng gòng tóng wéi hù bìng bù duàn fā yáng guāng dà。 shuāng fāng tóng yì， jì xù zūn zhào cháng qī wěn dìng、 miàn xiàng wèi lái、 mù lín yǒu hǎo、 quán miàn hé zuò de fāng zhēn， jiā qiáng gāo céng wǎng lái， shēn huà zhì dǎng lǐ zhèng hé shè huì zhù yì lǐ lùn yǔ shí jiàn de jiāo liú， chōng fēn fā huī zhōng yuè shuāng biān hé zuò zhǐ dǎo wěi yuán huì de zuò yòng， tǒng chóu guī huá hé quán miàn tuī jìn liǎng guó gè lǐng yù hé zuò， tuī dòng wài jiāo、 guó fáng、 gōng 'ān、 ān quán děng gè bù mén hé zuò jī zhì yòu xiào yùn zhuǎn， kuò dà jīng mào、 kē jì、 wén huà、 jiào yù、 cù jìn kuà jiè hé liú shuǐ zī yuán kě chí xù lì yòng děng lǐng yù de wù shí hé zuò， jiā qiáng zhōng yuè chuán tǒng yǒu hǎo de jiào yù， dà lì kāi zhǎn qīng shàonián yǒu hǎo jiāo wǎng， nǔ lì shǐ liǎng guó hé liǎng guó rén mín yǒng zuò hǎo lín jū、 hǎo péng yǒu、 hǎo tóng zhì、 hǎo huǒ bàn， shǐ zhōng yuè yǒu yì shì dài xiāng chuán。 　　　　 sān、 shuāng fāng duì liǎng guó jīng mào hé zuò qǔ dé de cháng zú jìn zhǎn biǎo shì mǎn yì， tóng yì luò shí hǎo《 guān yú kuò dà hé shēn huà shuāng biān jīng mào hé zuò de xié dìng》， zhì dìng shuāng biān jīng mào hé zuò fā zhǎn guī huá， què dìng zhòng diǎn hé zuò lǐng yù hé xiàng mù， jìn yī bù tí shēng jīng mào hé zuò de guī mó hé shuǐ píng。 shuāng fāng tóng yì běn zhe yōu shì hù bǔ、 hù lì gòng yíng de jīng shén， jī jí kāi tuò xīn de mào yì zēngzhǎng diǎn， bǎo chí shuāng biān mào yì 'é kuài sù zēngzhǎng， shí xiàn dào 2010 nián shuāng biān nián mào yì 'é 150 yì měi yuán de mù biāo， tóng shí zhú bù gǎi shàn mào yì jié gòu， nǔ lì shí xiàn shuāng biān mào yì de píng héng fā zhǎn。 shuāng fāng jiāng jī jí zhī chí hé tuī dòng shuāng fāng qǐ yè zài jī chǔ shè shī、 zhì zào yè、 rén lì zī yuán kāi fā、 néng yuán、 kuàng chǎn jiā gōng jí qí tā zhòng yào lǐng yù kāi zhǎn cháng qī hù lì hé zuò。 jī jí luò shí duō nóng lǚ kuàng děng dà xíng xiàng mù。 zuò hǎo duì jù tǐ hé zuò xiàng mùdì lián hé kǎo chá yán jiū， yǐ luò shí“ liǎng láng yī juàn” jiàn shè shì yí。 shuāng fāng chéng nuò jiā qiáng zài shì jiè mào yì zǔ zhì děng dì qū、 kuà dì qū jí guó jì jīng jì jī zhì zhōng de hé zuò。 zhōng fāng chóngshēn chéng rèn yuè nán shì chǎng jīng jì dì wèi。 　　　　 sì、 shuāng fāng rèn wéi， liǎng guó lù dì biān jiè kān jiè lì bēi gōng zuò qǔ dé míng xiǎn jìn zhǎn。 shuāng fāng jiāng jìn yī bù mìqiè pèi hé， què bǎo 2007 nián nèi wán chéng shí dì kān jiè lì bēi gōng zuò， 2008 nián wán chéng quán xiàn kān jiè lì bēi rèn wù bìng qiān shǔ xīn de biān jiè guǎn lǐ zhì dù wén jiàn。 jì xù luò shí hǎo《 běi bù wān huàjiè xié dìng》 hé《 běi bù wān yú yè hé zuò xié dìng》， zuò hǎo liǎng guó hǎi jūn lián hé xún luó jí gòng tóng yú qū zī yuán lián hé diào chá hé lián hé jiǎn chá gōng zuò， jiā kuài luò shí《 běi bù wān xié yì qū yóu qì hé zuò kuàng jià xié yì》， lì zhēng yóu qì kān cǎi hé zuò zǎo chū chéng guǒ， wéi hù zhèng cháng de yú yè shēng chǎn zhì xù， jī jí kāi zhǎn běi bù wān yú yè、 huán bǎo、 hǎi shàng sōu jiù、 hǎi yáng kē yán děng qí tā lǐng yù de hé zuò。 wěn bù tuī jìn běi bù wān wān kǒu wài hǎi yù de huàjiè tán pàn bìng jī jí shāng tán gāi hǎi yù de gòng tóng kāi fā wèn tí。 　　　　 shuāng fāng tóng yì， kè shǒu shuāng fāng yǐ dá chéng de yòu guān gòng shí， jì xù bǎo chí hǎi shàng wèn tí tán pàn jī zhì， jiān chí tōng guò hé píng tán pàn xún qiú shuāng fāng jūn néng jiē shòu de jī běn hé cháng jiǔ de jiě jué bàn fǎ。 shuāng fāng yuàn gòng tóng nǔ lì bǎo chí nán hǎi jú shì wěn dìng， jūn bù cǎi qǔ shǐ zhēng duān fù zá huà、 kuò dà huà de xíng dòng。 jī jí yán jiū hé shāng tán gòng tóng kāi fā wèn tí， yǐ biàn zhǎo dào shì hé de mó shì hé qū yù。 　　　　 wǔ、 yuè fāng chóngshēn jiān dìng fèng xíng yī gè zhōng guó zhèng cè， zhī chí zhōng guó tǒng yī dà yè， zhī chí《 fǎn fēn liè guó jiā fǎ》， jiān jué fǎn duì rèn hé xíng shì de“ tái dú” fēn liè huó dòng。 xī wàng zhōng guó zǎo rì shí xiàn guó jiā tǒng yī。 yuè nán bù tóng tái wān fā zhǎn rèn hé guān fāng guān xì。 zhōng fāng duì yuè fāng de shàng shù lì chǎng biǎo shì zàn shǎng。 　　　　 liù、 shuāng fāng duì liǎng guó zài guó jì hé dì qū shì wù zhōng de hé zuò biǎo shì mǎn yì。 chóngshēn jiāng jì xù jiā qiáng zài lián hé guó、 yà tài jīng hé zǔ zhì、 yà 'ōu huì yì、 zhōng guó ━ dōng méng、 dōng méng━ zhōng rì hán、 dōng yà fēng huì、 dōng méng dì qū lùn tán、 dà méi gōng hé cì qū yù děng duō biān kuàng jià xià de xié diào yǔ pèi hé， gòng tóng zhì lì yú wéi hù hé cù jìn běn dì qū hé shì jiè de hé píng、 wěn dìng yǔ fā zhǎn。 　　　　 shuāng fāng yī zhì rèn wéi， lián hé guó yìng jiā qiáng zài yìng duì xīn tiǎo zhàn hé wēi xié， wéi hù guó jì hé píng yǔ 'ān quán， tuī dòng gè huì yuán guó gòng tóng fā zhǎn， shí xiàn qiān nián fā zhǎn mù biāo děng fāng miàn de zuò yòng jí xiào guǒ。 zhōng guó chóngshēn zhī chí yuè nán chéng wéi 2008━ 2009 nián dù lián hé guó 'ān lǐ huì fēi cháng rèn lǐ shì guó。 　　　　 qī、 ruǎn míng zhé zhù xí duì hú jǐn tāo zhù xí hé zhōng guó rén mín suǒ jǐyǔ de lóng zhòng、 rè qíng、 yǒu hǎo de jiē dài biǎo shì zhōng xīn gǎn xiè， zhèng zhòng yāo qǐng hú jǐn tāo zhù xí fāng biàn shí fǎng yuè， hú jǐn tāo zhù xí duì cǐ biǎo shì gǎn xiè bìng yú kuài dì jiē shòu liǎo yāo qǐng。 　　 　　【 tóng měi guó de guān xì】 1995 nián 7 yuè jiàn lì wài jiāo guān xì。 1997 nián 5 yuè shuāng fāng shǒu rèn dà shǐ dǐ rèn。 2006 nián yuè měi guān xì dé dào zhòng yào fā zhǎn。 5 yuè， yuè měi jiù yuè jiā rù WTO dá chéng xié yì , jié shù shuāng biān shì chǎng zhǔn rù tán pàn。 11 yuè， měi guó bù zài bǎ yuè nán liè rù“ zōng jiào tè bié guān zhù guó jiā”。 12 yuè， měi guó guó huì biǎo jué tōng guò fǎ 'àn， jǐyǔ yuè nán yǒng jiǔ zhèng cháng mào yì guān xì dài yù。 yuè měi jīng jì、 mào yì、 tóu zī guān xì jì xù xùn sù fā zhǎn， 2006 nián yuè měi shuāng biān mào yì 'é dá 97 yì měi yuán。 　　4 yuè， měi guó zhòng yì yuàn yì cháng fǎng yuè。 6 yuè， měi guó fáng bù cháng lā mǔ sī fěi 'ěr dé fǎng yuè。 9 yuè， měi guó cái zhèng bù cháng bào 'ěr sēn fǎng yuè。 10 yuè， měi guó cān yì yuàn dài biǎo tuán fǎng yuè。 11 yuè， měi guó guó wù qīng lài sī fǎng yuè。 11 yuè， měi guó zǒng tǒng bù shí chū xí hé nèi APEC dì shí sì cì lǐng dǎo rén fēi zhèng shì huì yì bìng fǎng wèn yuè nán。 6 yuè， yuè nán guó huì dài biǎo tuán fǎng měi。 7 yuè， yuè guó huì cái zhèng hé jīng jì dài biǎo tuán fǎng měi。 　　【 tóng 'é luó sī de guān xì】 yuè tóng qián sū lián yú 1950 nián 1 yuè jiàn jiāo。 sū lián jiě tǐ hòu， é luó sī lián bāng jì chéng liǎo sū yuè wài jiāo guān xì。 1994 nián liǎng guó qiān shǔ《 yǒu hǎo guān xì jī běn yuán zé tiáo yuē》。 2006 nián， yuè 'é zhàn lüè huǒ bàn guān xì jìn yī bù shēn huà。 9 yuè， yuè guó jiā fù zhù xí zhāng měi huá fǎng 'é。 11 yuè， é luó sī zǒng tǒng pǔ jīng chū xí hé nèi APEC dì shí sì cì lǐng dǎo rén fēi zhèng shì huì yì bìng fǎng yuè。 2006 nián， yuè 'é shuāng biān mào yì 'é yuē 11 yì měi yuán。 　　【 tóng dōng méng de guān xì】 1995 nián 7 yuè， yuè nán jiā rù dōng méng。 jìn nián lái， yuè tóng dōng méng guān xì rì yì mìqiè。 2006 nián 9 yuè , yuè guó huì zhù xí ruǎn fù zhòng chū xí zài fěi lǜ bīn jǔ xíng de dì 27 jiè dōng nán yà guó jiā yì huì lián méng huì yì , fēn bié yǔ fěi lǜ bīn、 lǎo wō hé xīn jiā pō guó huì lǐng dǎo rén jǔ xíng huì wù。 　　【 tóng lǎo wō de guān xì】 1975 nián 8 yuè 12 rì jiàn jiāo。 2006 nián yuè lǎo quán miàn hé zuò hé“ tè shū chuán tǒng yǒu yì” guān xì jìn yī bù shēn huà。 jié zhì 2006 nián dǐ， yuè zài lǎo tóu zī xié yì zī jīn zǒng 'é 6 yì měi yuán。 3 yuè， yuè zhèng fǔ zǒng lǐ pān wén kǎi fǎng lǎo。 10 yuè， nóng dé mèng zǒng shū jì fǎng lǎo， shuāng fāng fā biǎo lián hé gōng bào。 12 yuè , xīn rèn zǒng lǐ ruǎn jìn yǒng fǎng lǎo。 4 yuè , lǎo wō fù zǒng lǐ tōng lún · xī sū lǐ fǎng yuè。 6 yuè， lǎo wō dǎng zǒng shū jì、 guó jiā zhù xí fǎng yuè， shuāng fāng fā biǎo lián hé gōng bào。 8 yuè， lǎo wō zǒng lǐ bō sōng · bù pà wàn fǎng yuè。 　　【 tóng jiǎn bù zhài de guān xì】 1967 nián 6 yuè 24 rì， yuè nán mín zhù gòng hé guó yǔ jiǎn bù zhài wáng guó jiàn jiāo。 2006 nián， yuè jiǎn guān xì yòu liǎo xīn fā zhǎn。 shuāng fāng jiù jiā qiáng gè lǐng yù hé zuò de bàn fǎ dá chéng gòng shí， bìng jué xīn dào 2010 nián bǎ shuāng biān mào yì 'é tí gāo dào 20 yì měi yuán。 3 yuè， yuè zhèng fǔ zǒng lǐ pān wén kǎi fǎng jiǎn。 8 yuè， yuè zhèng fǔ fù zǒng lǐ ruǎn shēng xióng fǎng jiǎn。 12 yuè， xīn rèn zǒng lǐ ruǎn jìn yǒng fǎng wèn jiǎn bù zhài。 3 yuè， jiǎn bù zhài guó wáng xī hā mò ní fǎng yuè。 7 yuè， jiǎn bù zhài guó huì zhù xí hán sāng lín fǎng yuè。 2005 nián， yuè jiǎn shuāng biān mào yì 'é dá 7 yì měi yuán， tóng bǐ zēngzhǎng 34%。 　　【 tóng dōng méng qí tā guó jiā de guān xì】 2006 nián， yuè nán yǔ dōng méng qí tā guó jiā de guān xì yě dé dào jìn yī bù fā zhǎn。 3 yuè , mǎ lái xī yà wài cháng sài yì dé · hā mǐ dé fǎng yuè。 tóng yuè , wén lāi wáng chǔ mù hè tǎ dí · bǐ lā fǎng yuè。 10 yuè , tài guó zǒng lǐ sù lā yù fǎng yuè。 11 yuè , fěi lǜ bīn wài cháng luó mù luò fǎng yuè。 3 yuè , yuè guó fáng bù cháng fàn wén chá fǎng wèn mǎ lái xī yà。 12 yuè , mǎ lái xī yà guó fáng lì liàng sī lìng fǎng yuè。 10 yuè , yuè guó jiā fù zhù xí zhāng měi huá fǎng wèn wén lāi。 12 yuè， yuè zhèng fǔ zǒng lǐ ruǎn jìn yǒng fǎng wèn tài guó。 　　【 tóng dōng yà guó jiā de guān xì】 1950 nián 1 yuè yuè tóng cháo xiān jiàn jiāo。 1973 nián 9 yuè yuè tóng rì běn jiàn jiāo。 1992 nián 12 yuè yuè tóng hán guó jiàn jiāo。 2006 nián， yuè nán yǔ rì běn guān xì fā zhǎn shùn lì。 5 yuè , yuè fù wài cháng ruǎn fù píng fǎng rì。 10 yuè , yuè zhèng fǔ zǒng lǐ ruǎn jìn yǒng fǎng rì , shuāng fāng qiān shǔ liǎo 5 xiàng jīng mào hé zuò xié yì , tóng yì dào 2010 nián bǎ shuāng biān mào yì 'é tí gāo dào 150 yì měi yuán。 7 yuè , rì běn guó huì zhòng yì yuàn fù yì cháng héng lù xiào hóng fǎng yuè。 8 yuè , yuè rì qiān shǔ kē jì hé zuò xié dìng。 11 yuè , rì běn shǒuxiàng 'ān bèi jìn sān chū xí hé nèi APEC dì shí sì cì lǐng dǎo rén fēi zhèng shì huì yì。 tóng yuè , rì běn wàixiàng má shēng tài láng chū xí APEC bù cháng huì yì。 1992-2005 nián , rì běn gòng xiàng yuè tí gōng guān fāng fā zhǎn yuán zhù 12147 yì rì yuán ( xiāng dāng yú 110 yì měi yuán ), qí zhōng yōu huì dài kuǎn 96 yì měi yuán , wú cháng yuán zhù 14 yì měi yuán。 2005 nián cái zhèng nián dù , rì běn xiàng yuè tí gōng yōu huì dài kuǎn 883.2 yì rì yuán。 hán guó shì yuè zhòng yào mào yì huǒ bàn。 2006 nián yuè hán guān xì jìn yī bù shēn huà。 2005 nián , yuè hán shuāng biān mào yì 'é dá 42 yì měi yuán。 2006 nián hán guó zài yuè tóu zī 27 yì měi yuán， jū dì yī wèi。 jié zhì 2006 nián 9 yuè , hán guó zài yuè zǒng tóu zī wéi 53 yì měi yuán , xiàng yuè tí gōng guān fāng fā zhǎn yuán zhù 2.6 yì měi yuán , qí zhōng 6000 wàn měi yuán wéi wú cháng yuán zhù。 1 yuè , hán guó guó huì zhù xí fǎng yuè。 5 yuè , hán guó guó fáng bù cháng fǎng yuè。 7 yuè , hán guó dì yī fù wài cháng fǎng yuè。 11 yuè， hán guó zǒng tǒng lú wǔ xuàn chū xí hé nèi APEC dì shí sì cì lǐng dǎo rén fēi zhèng shì huì yì。 　　【 tóng nán yà guó jiā de guān xì】 2006 nián yuè tóng nán yà guó jiā de guān xì wěn bù fā zhǎn。 2 yuè， sī lǐ lán kǎ yì huì zhù xí fǎng yuè。 11 yuè , sī lǐ lán kǎ zǒng lǐ wéi kè lā mǎ nà yà kè chū xí hé nèi APEC dì shí sì cì lǐng dǎo rén fēi zhèng shì huì yì。 　　【 tóng 'ōu méng de guān xì】 2006 nián yuè yǔ 'ōu méng guān xì jì xù fā zhǎn。 shuāng biān jīng mào、 jīn róng、 wén huà、 jiào yù、 kē jì hé zuò guān xì bù duàn fā zhǎn。 ōu méng shì yuè zhòng yào mào yì huǒ bàn， 2005 nián shuāng biān mào yì 'é 74 yì měi yuán， zài yuè shí jì tóu zī 'é 40 yì měi yuán。 2004 nián、 2005 nián 'ōu méng xiàng yuè tí gōng de wú cháng yuán zhù zuì duō。 yuè zhù yào xiàng yuè chū kǒu pí xié、 fǎng zhì pǐn děng。 2006 nián 'ōu méng zhèng shì qǔ xiāo yuè nán fǎng zhì pǐn chū kǒu pèi 'é xiàn zhì。 5 yuè， ōu zhōu yì huì dài biǎo tuán fǎng yuè。 　　2006 nián 'ōu zhōu wěi yuán huì jí 'ōu méng chéng yuán guó chéng nuò zài 2007-2013 nián qī jiān měi nián xiàng yuè nán tí gōng yuán zhù 1.6 yì 'ōu yuán； fǎ guó zài 2006-2010 nián qī jiān yuán zhù 14 yì 'ōu yuán； zài wèi lái wǔ nián nèi， yīng guó yuán zhù 5 yì měi yuán， dān mài měi nián yuán zhù 6700 wàn 'ōu yuán； hé lán zài 2006-2008 nián qī jiān měi nián yuán zhù 6000 wàn 'ōu yuán。 2007 nián 'ōu méng chéng nuò xiàng yuè nán tí gōng 9.482 yì 'ōu yuán guān fāng fā zhǎn yuán zhù（ ODA）。 　　9 yuè， ruǎn jìn yǒng zǒng lǐ chū xí zài hè 'ěr xīn jī jǔ xíng de dì liù jiè yà 'ōu shǒu nǎo huì yì。 　　【 tóng 'ōu zhōu guó jiā de guān xì】 2006 nián yuè yǔ 'ōu zhōu guó jiā guān xì jìn yī bù mìqiè。 1 yuè， yuè zǒng lǐ tè shǐ lí wén péng fù wài cháng fǎng wèn bǐ lì shí hé 'ōu zhōu wěi yuán huì。 9 yuè， yuè nán、 ruì shì qiān dìng qiǎn fǎn yuè fēi fǎ yí mín de xié dìng。 　　2 yuè， xī bān yá guó wáng kǎ luò sī fǎng yuè， shuāng fāng qiān shǔ liǎo《 liǎng guó zhèng fǔ gǔ lì hé bǎo hù tóu zī xié dìng》 děng wén jiàn。 5 yuè， fàn dì gāng jiào tíng rèn mìng yuè gōng mín zhōu yù zhī mù shī wéi xiàn gǎng jiào qū zhù jiào。 6 yuè， yīng guó yuē kè gōng jué 'ān dé lǔ wáng zǐ fǎng yuè。 9 yuè， yuè nán yǔ yīng guó qiān shǔ《 liǎng guó fā zhǎn huǒ bàn guān xì xié yì》， yīng chéng nuò zài wèi lái wǔ nián nèi xiàng yuè nán tí gōng 4.5 yì měi yuán wú cháng yuán zhù。 9 yuè， jié kè zǒng tǒng kè láo sī fǎng wèn yuè nán。 5 yuè hé 9 yuè， ào dì lì lián bāng wěi yuán huì zhù xí hé wài cháng xiān hòu fǎng yuè。 9 yuè， dān mài fù zǒng lǐ fǎng yuè。 10 yuè， sī luò fá kè zǒng tǒng jiā shí pà luó wéi qí fǎng yuè。 11 yuè， bǎo jiā lì yà zǒng lǐ sài 'ěr gài yī · sī tǎ ní shè fū fǎng yuè， liǎng guó zǒng lǐfà biǎo lián hé gōng bào。 　　【 tóng qí tā guó jiā de guān xì】 2006 nián yuè yǔ gǔ bā jì xù bǎo chí yǒu hǎo guān xì。 3 yuè， yuè gòng zhōng yāng zhèng zhì jú wěi yuán、 guó huì zhù xí ruǎn wén 'ān fǎng wèn bā xī、 gǔ bā、 wěi nèi ruì lā。 9 yuè， yuè nán fù zǒng lǐ jiān wài cháng fàn jiā qiān chū xí zài hā wǎ nà jǔ xíng de dì shí sì cì bù jié méng yùn dòng huì yì。 yuè gǔ zhèng fǔ lián wěi huì zhào kāi dì 24 cì huì yì。 　　5 yuè , yuè guó fáng bù cháng fàn wén chá fǎng wèn nán fēi。 6 yuè , yuè guó jiā fù zhù xí zhāng měi huá chū xí zài 'āi jí jǔ xíng de fù nǚ fēng huì。 7 yuè dǐ 8 yuè chū， wěi nèi ruì lā zǒng tǒng fǎng yuè。 7 yuè , yuè fù wài cháng wǔ yǒng fǎng wèn 'ā 'ěr jí lì yà。 10 yuè , yuè guó jiā fù zhù xí zhāng měi huá fǎng wèn xīn xī lán、 ào dà lì yà。 2 yuè， bìlǔ wài jiāo bù cháng fǎng yuè。 5 yuè , shā tè wài cháng fǎng yuè。 8 yuè , mò sāng bǐ kè wài jiāo yǔ hé zuò bù cháng 'ā bù léi wū fǎng yuè。 9 yuè , tǎn sāng ní yà zǒng lǐ 'ài dé huá · luò wǎ sà fǎng yuè。 11 yuè , bèi níng gòng hé guó zǒng tǒng bó ní · yà yī fǎng yuè。 tóng yuè， jiā ná dà zǒng lǐ hé wài cháng、 zhì lì zǒng tǒng hé wài cháng chū xí zài hé nèi jǔ xíng de APEC dì shí sì cì lǐng dǎo rén fēi zhèng shì huì yì。 12 yuè , ní rì lì yà zǒng tǒng 'ào bā sāng qiáo fǎng yuè。 　　 　　 yuè nán lǚ yóu zhù yì shì xiàng（ guān fāng） 　　 yī . zhōng guó hǎi guān guī dìng， zhōng guó gōng mín chū jìng měi rén xié dài de xiàn jīn bù chāo guò rén mín bì 6000 yuán（ měi jīn 1000 yuán） 　　 èr . yuè nán hǎi guān guī dìng， zhōng guó gōng mín rù jìng bù yǔn xǔ xié dài shǒu jī hé qí tā tōng xùn qì cái， fǒu zé jiāng bèi fá kuǎn huò mòshōu。 　　 sān . yán jìn xié dài huáng sè shū kān、 yǐng dié、 qiāng zhī、 zhà yào、 dú yào děng wéi jìn wù pǐn chū rù jìng； 　　 sì . wèi jīng jiǎn yì de dòng、 zhí wù hé shuǐ guǒ bù néng xié dài chū rù jìng， dà jiàn yuè nán hóng mù gōng yì pǐn、 jiā diàn chǎn pǐn děng bù néng xié dài rù jìng； 　　 wǔ . guó jiā gōng wù rén yuán（ rú gōng、 jiǎn、 fǎ、 sī děng）、 jūn rén bù néng chuān zhì fú chū jìng， yě bù néng jiāng yòu dài biǎo guó jiā zhù quán de huī zhāng、 zhèng jiàn（ rú gōng zuò zhèng、 chí qiāng zhèng）， zhì shǐ gāi yóu kè bù néng chū rù jìng lǚ yóu de， lǚ xíng shè bù chéng dān péi cháng zé rèn； 　　 liù . lǚ xíng shè wéi yóu kè bàn lǐ chū rù jìng zhèng jiàn shí， rú guǒ yù dào diàn nǎo bào jǐng（ jí yǔ gōng 'ān、 biān fáng bù mén bù yǔn xǔ chū rù jìng de xìng míng xiāng tóng shí） ér gōng 'ān、 biān fáng bù mén jù jué bàn zhèng， zhì shǐ gāi yóu kè bù néng chū jìng lǚ yóu de， lǚ xíng shè bù chéng dān péi cháng zé rèn； 　　 qī . shè yǐng jī、 jìn kǒu xiàngjī（ jià zhí 1000 yuán yǐ shàng） chū jìng shí bì xū bào guān， zài kǒu 'àn yàn zhèng dà tīng nèi jìn zhǐ pāi zhào； 　　 bā . zài yuè nán lǚ yóu qī jiān， bù dé yòu wēi hài zǔ guó 'ān quán， róng yù hé gé lì yì de xíng wéi； 　　 jiǔ . dǔ bó shǔ wéi fǎ xíng wéi， yóu kè zài yuè nán lǚ yóu qī jiān bù néng cān jiā dǔ bó（ qí zài máng jiē yù qì diàn nèi， jīng cháng yòu yòu dǔ xiàn xiàng， qǐng gè yóu kè bù yào kào jìn dǔ zhuō， bù yào bào jiǎo xìng xīn lǐ cān dǔ， gèng bù yào tì dǔ zhě yā pái， yā zhù děng， bì miǎn zhōng rén juàn tào）； fǒu zé hòu guǒ zì fù； 　　 shí . yóu kè zài lǚ yóu qī jiān de gòu wù jí gè zhǒng zì fèi huó dòng zhǔyóu kè gè rén xíng wéi， yóu cǐ chǎn shēng de jiū fēn huò lián dài guān xì yóu kè zì fù， jí mǎi mài zì yóu、 fēng xiǎn zì dān， yóu qí zài máng jiē， jīng cháng fā shēng yǐ rèn“ lǎo xiāng” de xíng shì yòu piàn yóu kè gòu mǎi yù qì zhū bǎo děng， qièwù shàngdàng shòu piàn。 　　 shí yī、 yóu kè zài yuè nán lǚ yóu qī jiān bù néng dān dú huó dòng， zài zì yóu huó dòng shí jiān bì xū jié bàn tóng xíng。 　　 shí 'èr、 yóu kè bì xū tuǒ shàn bǎo guǎn zì jǐ de suí shēn xíng lǐ jí guì zhòng wù pǐn， yīn yóu kè zì shēn yuán yīn zào chéng xíng lǐ wù pǐn diū shī de， zé rèn zì fù。 　　 　　 zhù yào qù yuè nán de tú jìng yòu jǐ tiáo？ 　　 mù qián kě yǐ cóng guǎng xī de dōng xīng kǒu 'àn、 běi hǎi kǒu 'àn（ hǎi shàng háng xiàn）、 nán níng píng xiáng kǒu 'àn chū jìng、 yě kě yǐ bàn lǐ hù zhào cóng wǒ guó gè dà kǒu 'àn chū jìng。 dàn cóng lǚ yóu hé guān shǎng de xíng chéng lái kàn， yī bān de tuán duì hé sàn kè zhù yào cóng dǐ běi hǎi cān jiā hǎi shàng háng xiàn（ shū shì xìng jiào qiáng） huò cóng běi hǎi zhì dōng xīng guò jìng。 　　 　　 qù yuè nán lǚ yóu tōng cháng yào jǐ tiān？ ( běi yuè cháng guī xíng chéng） 　　 cháng guī de xíng chéng（ hé nèi、 hǎi fáng、 xià lóng wān） zài yuè nán xū yào 4 tiān zuǒ yòu， jiā shàng nín wǎng fǎn běi hǎi / nán níng de shí jiān， hái yòu yī tiān de běi hǎi shì nèi xíng chéng， liù tiān de shí jiān zú gòu liǎo。 dāng rán nǐ kě yǐ líng huó de 'ān pái nín de xíng chéng， kě yǐ xuǎn zé yuè nán máng jiē yī rì yóu、 xià lóng wān sān rì yóu děng xiàn lù。 　　 　　 cóng běi hǎi shàng yuè nán lǚ yóu xū yào bàn shénme shǒu xù？ 　　 cóng běi hǎi qù yuè nán shǔ yú guó jiā tè pī de biān jìng yóu xiàng mù， zhōng yuè liǎng guó gēn jù wài jiāo xié yì， zài liǎng guó biān jìng dì qū（ bāo kuò yuè nán máng jiē、 xià lóng、 hǎi fáng、 hé nèi） lǚ yóu、 jìn xíng biān mào huó dòng kě yǐ shǐ yòng biān jìng tōng xíng zhèng， wú xū bàn lǐ hù zhào。 tōng guò běn zhàn bàn lǐ yuè nán lǚ yóu zhǐ yào tí qián 2 tiān jiāng shēn fèn zhèng dì zhǐ jí hào mǎ chuán lái jí kě。 bàn lǐ zhōng yuè hǎi shàng yóu lún háng xiàn xū tí qián jiāng shēn fèn zhèng fù yìn jiàn hé 4 zhāng 2 cùn hóng dǐ cǎi zhào yòng EMS yóu guò lái jí kě（ rú guǒ tí qián yī tiān dǐ dá zé kě yǐ suí shēn dài guò lái） 　　 　　 yuè nán de chī zhù xíng tiáo jiàn tōng cháng dōuhěn chā má？ 　　 yuè nán 1986 nián kāi shǐ shí xíng gǎi gé kāi fàng， jīng jì qíng kuàng yòu liǎo hěn dà de fā zhǎn、 rén mín de shēng huó shuǐ píng yě rì yì gǎi shàn。 dàn yǔ guó nèi de fā zhǎn shuǐ píng yòu yī dìng de jù lí， yòu rén shuō yuè nán de qíng kuàng shì guó pín mín fù， guó jiā de yī xiē gōng gòng de shè shī jiàn shè hái xiāng dāng luò hòu， bǐ rú qiáo liáng、 gōng lù děng shì zhèng shè shī。 zài yuè nán zhōng guó yóu kè dōushì zài zhuān mén jiē dài lǚ yóu zhě de cān guǎn yòng cān， kǒu wèi yī bān de zhōng guó yóu kè dōukě yǐ shì yìng， yī bān de tuán duì shì liù rén yī zhuō yòng cān， 7-8 cài yī tānɡ， fàn hòu shuǐ guǒ， zǎo cān yòu xī fàn、 mán tóu、 hái yòu yuè nán tè sè de jī sī mǐ fěn děng。 jiǔ diàn gè zhǒng dàng cì dōuyòu， tè bié shì hé nèi hé xià lóng wān jiǔ diàn lín lì， yuè nán de jiǔ diàn dà duō zhuāng xiū méi yòu guó nèi háo huá， ér qiě guī mó bǐ jiào xiǎo， dàn zhōng guó de kè rén dà duō fǎn yìng wèi shēng tiáo jiàn liáng hǎo， shèn zhì bǐ guó nèi yào hǎo， yī bān de jiǔ diàn péi yòu yù shì yòng pǐn、 tuō xié děng。 fú wù yuán yǒu shàn rè qíng， dà duō lǚ yóu zhě cháng zhù de jiǔ diàn， dōuyòu huì hàn yǔ de jiē dài yuán。 yuè nán de jiāo tōng zhuàng kuàng bù shì hěn hǎo， tè bié shì máng jiē dào xià lóng de zhè duàn shān lù qí qū、 chéng shì zhōng de jiāo tōng zhuàng kuàng bǐ jiào luàn， mó tuō chē chē sù hěn kuài， guó nèi de yóu kè zài shì qū huó dòng yào zhù yì 'ān quán。 　　 　　 yuè nán rén duì zhōng guó rén yǒu hǎo má？ 　　 yuè nán zhōng guó shān lián shān、 shuǐ lián shuǐ .. zhè shì dāng nián tóng zhì jiā xiōng dì de xiě zhào， rú jīn liǎng guó dū shí xíng gǎi gé kāi fàng de zhèng cè， shì shāng pǐn jīng jì chàng zhùjué。 yuè nán rén xiàn zài duì zhōng guó yóu kè dà duō hěn yǒu hǎo。 dàn zhōng guó yóu kè qù dào yuè nán， yìng bì miǎn tán jí yòu guān zhōng yuè zhàn zhēng de huà tí。 　　 　　 shénme jì jié shàng yuè nán zuì hǎo？ 　　 yuè nán de běi fāng de yī nián sì jì qì hòu dōukě yǐ， xià jì bǐ guó nèi de nán fāng shāo rè， zhù yào shì shī dù dà。 dōng jì de zuì dī qì wēn dà yuē wéi 6-7 dù。 　　 　　 biān jìng shì fǒu hái yòu dì léi？ 　　 zhōng yuè liǎng guó jiāo 'è liǎng guó zhuāng guò jìn jǐ bǎi wàn kě dì léi， biān jìng dì qū hái yòu dì léi shì wú kě zhì yí de， dàn yóu kè cháng qù de dōng xīng、 píng xiáng dì qū zǎo yǐ pái wán dì léi。 zhè yī diǎn bù yòng dān xīn。 　　Vietnam (pronounced /ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm/; Vietnamese: Việt Nam), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (Vietnamese: Cộng hòa Xã hội Chủ nghĩa Việt Nam), is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea to the east. With a population of over 86 million, Vietnam is the 13th most populous country in the world. 　　 　　Vietnam was under Chinese control for a thousand years before regaining independence. Successive dynasties flourished until it was colonized by the French in the mid-19th century. Efforts to resist the French eventually led to their expulsion from the country in the mid-20th century, leaving a nation divided politically into two countries. Bitter fighting between the two sides continued during the Vietnam War, ending with a communist victory in 1975. 　　 　　Emerging from a long and bitter war, the war-ravaged nation was politically isolated. The government's centrally-planned economic decisions hindered post-war reconstruction and its treatment of the losing side engendered more resentment than reconciliation. In 1986, it instituted economic and political reforms and began a path towards international reintegration. By 2000, it had established diplomatic relations with most nations. Its economic growth had been among the highest in the world in the past decade. These efforts culminated in Vietnam joining the World Trade Organization in 2007 and its successful bid to become a non-permanent member of the United Nations Security Council in 2008. 　　 　　Through the centuries, Vietnam has been called by many different names: Văn Lang during the Hùng Vương Dynasty, Âu Lạc during the An Dương Vương dynasty, Van Xuan during the Anterior Lý Dynasty, Đại Cồ Việt during the Đinh dynasty and Anterior Lê Dynasty. Starting in 1054, Vietnam was called Đại Việt (Great Viet). During the Hồ Dynasty, Vietnam was called Đại Ngu. Then, in 1804, King Gia Long planned to use the name of Nam Việt for Vietnam then changed it to Việt Nam. In English, the two syllables were written into one: Vietnam. From 1839 to 1945, Emperor Minh Mạng renamed Việt Nam to Đại Nam (literally "Great South"). 　　 　　The name Việt Nam had been used for this country before it became the official name in "Dư địa chí" of Nguyễn Trãi written in 1435 and perhaps even before. "Việt" is the name of the largest ethnic group in Vietnam: the Kinh (người Kinh) and "Nam" means "the South", affirming Vietnam's sovereignty from China (usually called "North country" by the Vietnamese). 　　 　　History 　　 　　Pre-Dynastic era 　　The area now known as Vietnam has been inhabited since Paleolithic times, and some archaeological sites in Thanh Hoa Province purportedly date back several thousand years. Archaeologists link the beginnings of Vietnamese civilization to the late Neolithic, Early Bronze Age, Phung-nguyen culture, which was centered in Vinh Phu Province of contemporary Vietnam from about 2000 to 1400 BCE. By about 1200 BCE, the development of wet-rice cultivation and bronze casting in the Ma River and Red River plains led to the development of the Dong Son culture, notable for its elaborate bronze drums. The bronze weapons, tools, and drums of Dongsonian sites show a Southeast Asian influence that indicates an indigenous origin for the bronze-casting technology. Many small, ancient copper mine sites have been found in northern Vietnam. Some of the similarities between the Dong Sonian sites and other Southeast Asian sites include the presence of boat-shaped coffins and burial jars, stilt dwellings, and evidence of the customs of betel-nut-chewing and teeth-blackening. 　　 　　The legendary Hồng Bàng Dynasty of the Hùng kings is considered by many Vietnamese as the first Vietnamese state, known as Văn Lang. In 257 BCE, the last Hùng king lost to Thục Phán, who consolidated the Lạc Việt tribes with his Âu Việt tribes, forming Âu Lạc and proclaiming himself An Dương Vương. In 207 BCE, a Chinese general named Zhao Tuo defeated An Dương Vương and consolidated Âu Lạc into Nanyue. In 111 BCE, the Chinese Han Dynasty consolidated Nanyue into their empire. 　　 　　For the next thousand years, Vietnam was mostly under Chinese rule. Early independence movements such as those of the Trưng Sisters and of Lady Triệu were only briefly successful. It was independent as Vạn Xuân under the Anterior Ly Dynasty between 544 and 602. By the early 10th century, Vietnam had gained autonomy, but not independence, under the Khúc family. 　　 　　Dynastic era 　　In 938 CE, a Vietnamese lord named Ngô Quyền defeated Chinese forces at the Bạch Đằng River and gained independence after 10 centuries under Chinese control. Renamed as Đại Việt, the nation went through a golden era during the Lý and Trần Dynasties. During the rule of the Trần Dynasty, Đại Việt repelled three Mongol invasions. Buddhism flourished and became the state religion. Following the brief Hồ Dynasty, Vietnamese independence was momentarily interrupted by the Chinese Ming Dynasty, but was restored by Lê Lợi, the founder of the Lê Dynasty. Feudalism in Vietnam reached its zenith in the Lê Dynasty of the 15th century, especially during the reign of Emperor Lê Thánh Tông. Between the 11th and 18th centuries, the Vietnamese expanded southward in a process known as nam tiến (southward expansion). They eventually conquered the kingdom of Champa and part of the Khmer Empire. 　　 　　Towards the end of the Lê Dynasty, civil strife engulfed much of Vietnam. First, the Chinese-supported Mạc Dynasty challenged the Lê Dynasty's power. After the Mạc Dynasty was defeated, the Lê Dynasty was reinstalled, but with no actual power. Power was divided between the Trịnh Lords in the North and the Nguyễn Lords in the South, who engaged in a civil war for more than a hundred years. During this time, the Nguyễn expanded southern Vietnam into the Mekong Delta, annexing the Champa in the central highlands and the Khmer land in the Mekong. The civil war ended when the Tây Sơn brothers defeated both and established their new dynasty. However, their rule did not last long and they were defeated by the remnants of the Nguyễn Lords led by Nguyen Anh with the help of the French. Nguyen Anh unified Vietnam, and established the Nguyễn Dynasty, ruling under the name Gia Long. 　　 　　Western Colonial era 　　 　　Vietnam's independence ended in the mid-1800s, when the country was colonized by the French. The French administration imposed significant political and cultural changes on Vietnamese society. A Western-style system of modern education was developed, and Christianity was introduced into Vietnamese society. Developing a plantation economy to promote the exports of tobacco, indigo, tea and coffee, the French largely ignored increasing calls for self-government and civil rights. A nationalist political movement soon emerged, with leaders such as Phan Boi Chau, Phan Chu Trinh, Emperor Ham Nghi and Ho Chi Minh calling for independence. However, the French maintained control of their colonies until World War II, when the Japanese war in the Pacific triggered the invasion of French Indochina in 1941. This event was preceded by the establishment of the Vichy French administration, a puppet state of Nazi Germany then ally of the Japanese Empire. The natural resources of Vietnam were exploited for the purposes of the Japanese Empire's military campaigns into the British Indochinese colonies of Burma, the Malay Peninsula and India. 　　 　　First Indochina War 　　 　　In 1941, the Viet Minh — a communist and nationalist liberation movement — emerged under Ho Chi Minh, to seek independence for Vietnam from France as well as to oppose the Japanese occupation. Following the military defeat of Japan and the fall of its Vietnamese colony in August 1945, Viet Minh occupied Hanoi and proclaimed a provisional government, which asserted independence on September 2. In the same year the Provisional French Republic sent the French Far East Expeditionary Corps, which was originally created to fight the Japanese occupation forces, in order to pacify the liberation movement and to restore French rule. On November 20 1946, triggered by the Haiphong Incident the First Indochina War between Viet Minh and the French forces ensued, lasting until July 20 1954. 　　 　　Despite fewer losses—Expeditionary Corps suffered 1/3 the casualties of the China and Soviet-backed Viet Minh—during the course of the war, the U.S.-backed French and Vietnamese loyalists eventually suffered a major strategic setback at the Siege of Dien Bien Phu, which allowed Ho Chi Minh to negotiate a ceasefire with a favorable position at the ongoing Geneva conference of 1954. Colonial administration ended as French Indochina was dissolved, and the contested State of Vietnam ceased to exist. According to the Geneva Agreements the country was divided at the 17th parallel into Ho Chi Minh's North Vietnam and Ngo Dinh Diem's South Vietnam after the example of Korea. This was intended to be temporary, pending an election in 1956, which never took place. 　　 　　Vietnam War 　　 　　The Communist-held Democratic Republic of Vietnam was opposed by the US-supported Republic of Vietnam. Disagreements soon emerged over the organizing of elections and reunification, and the U.S. began increasing its contribution of military advisers. U.S. forces were soon embroiled in a guerrilla war with the National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam (NLF), the insurgents who were indigenous to South Vietnam. North Vietnamese forces unsuccessfully attempted to overrun the South during the 1968 Tet Offensive and the war soon spread into neighboring Laos and Cambodia, in both of which the United States bombed Communist forces supplying the North Vietnamese Army. 　　 　　With its own casualties mounting, the U.S. began transferring combat roles to the South Vietnamese military in a process the U.S. called Vietnamization. The effort had mixed results. The Paris Peace Accords of January 27, 1973, formally recognized the sovereignty of both sides. Under the terms of the accords all American combat troops were withdrawn by March 29, 1973. Limited fighting continued, but all major fighting ended until the North once again sent troops to the South during the Spring of 1975, culminating in the Fall of Saigon on April 30, 1975. South Vietnam briefly became the Republic of South Vietnam, under military occupation by North Vietnam, before being officially integrated with the North under communist rule as the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on July 2, 1976. 　　 　　Postwar 　　Upon taking control, the Vietnamese communists banned all other political parties, arrested public servants and military personnel of the Republic of Vietnam and sent them to reeducation camps. The government also embarked on a mass campaign of collectivization of farms and factories. Reconstruction of the war-ravaged country was slow, and serious humanitarian and economic problems confronted the communist regime. Millions of people fled the country in crudely-built boats, creating an international humanitarian crisis. In 1978, the Vietnamese army invaded Cambodia (sparking the Cambodian-Vietnamese War) to remove the Khmer Rouge from power. This action worsened relations with China, which launched a brief incursion into northern Vietnam (the Sino-Vietnamese War) in 1979. This conflict caused Vietnam to rely even more heavily on Soviet economic and military aid. 　　 　　Đổi Mới 　　In a historic shift in 1986, the Communist Party of Vietnam implemented free-market reforms known as Đổi Mới (renovation). With the authority of the state remaining unchallenged, private ownership of farms and companies, deregulation and foreign investment were encouraged. The economy of Vietnam has achieved rapid growth in agricultural and industrial production, construction and housing, exports, and foreign investment. It is now one of the fastest growing economies in the world. 　　 　　Government and politics 　　 　　Vietnam National Convention CenterThe Socialist Republic of Vietnam is a single-party state. A new state constitution was approved in April 1992, replacing the 1975 version. The central role of the Communist Party was reasserted in all organs of government, politics and society. Only political organizations affiliated with or endorsed by the Communist Party are permitted to contest elections. These include the Vietnamese Fatherland Front, worker and trade unionist parties. Although the state remains officially committed to socialism as its defining creed, the ideology's importance has substantially diminished since the 1990s. The President of Vietnam is the titular head of state and the nominal commander in chief of the military of Vietnam, chairing the Council on National Defense and Security. The Prime Minister of Vietnam Nguyen Tan Dung is the head of government, presiding over a council of ministers composed of 3 deputy prime ministers and the heads of 26 ministries and commissions. 　　 　　The National Assembly of Vietnam is the unicameral legislature of the government, composed of 498 members. It is superior to both the executive and judicial branches. All members of the council of ministers are derived from the National Assembly. The Supreme People's Court of Vietnam, which is the highest court of appeal in the nation, is also answerable to the National Assembly. Beneath the Supreme People's Court stand the provincial municipal courts and the local courts. Military courts are also a powerful branch of the judiciary with special jurisdiction in matters of national security. All organs of Vietnam's government are controlled by the Communist Party. Most government appointees are members of the party. The General Secretary of the Communist Party is perhaps one of the most important political leaders in the nation, controlling the party's national organization and state appointments, as well as setting policy. 　　 　　The Vietnam People's Army is the official name for the combined military services of Vietnam, which is organized along the lines of China's People's Liberation Army. The VPA is further subdivided into the Vietnamese People's Ground Forces (including Strategic Rear Forces and Border Defense Forces), the Vietnam People's Navy, the Vietnam People's Air Force and the coast guard. Through Vietnam's recent history, the VPA has actively been involved in Vietnam's workforce to develop the economy of Vietnam, in order to coordinate national defense and the economy. The VPA is involved in such areas as industry, agriculture, forestry, fishery and telecommunications. The total strength of the VPA is close to 500,000 officers and enlisted members. The government also organizes and maintains provincial militias and police forces. The role of the military in public life has steadily been reduced since the 1980s. 　　 　　Provinces 　　 　　Provinces of VietnamVietnam is divided into 59 provinces (known in Vietnamese as tỉnh, from the Chinese 省, shěng). There are also 5 centrally-controlled municipalities existing at the same level as provinces (thành phố trực thuộc trung ương). 　　 　　The provinces are further subdivided into provincial municipalities (thành phố trực thuộc tỉnh), townships (thị xã) and counties (huyện), and then, subdivided into towns (thị trấn) or communes (xã). 　　 　　The centrally-controlled municipalities are subdivided into districts (quận) and counties, and then, subdivided into wards (phường). 　　 　　Geography and climate 　　 　　Vietnam is approximately 331,688 km² (128,066 sq mi) in area (not including Hoang Sa and Truong Sa islands), larger than Italy and almost the size of Germany. The perimeter of the country running along its international boundaries is 4,639 km (2,883 mi). The topography consists of hills and densely forested mountains, with level land covering no more than 20%. Mountains account for 40% of the area, with smaller hills accounting for 40% and tropical forests 42%. The northern part of the country consists mostly of highlands and the Red River Delta. Phan Xi Păng, located in Lào Cai province, is the highest mountain in Vietnam at 3,143 m (10,312 ft). The south is divided into coastal lowlands, Annamite Chain peaks, extensive forests, and poor soil. Comprising five relatively flat plateaus of basalt soil, the highlands account for 16% of the country's arable land and 22% of its total forested land. 　　 　　Ha Long Bay, a World Heritage SiteThe delta of the Red River (also known as the Sông Hồng), a flat, triangular region of 15,000 square kilometers, is smaller but more intensely developed and more densely populated than the Mekong River Delta. Once an inlet of the Gulf of Tonkin, it has been filled in by the enormous alluvial deposits of the rivers over a period of millennia, and it advances one hundred meters into the Gulf annually. The Mekong delta, covering about 40,000 square kilometers, is a low-level plain not more than three meters above sea level at any point and criss-crossed by a maze of canals and rivers. So much sediment is carried by the Mekong's various branches and tributaries that the delta advances sixty to eighty meters into the sea every year. 　　 　　Because of differences in latitude and the marked variety of topographical relief, the climate tends to vary considerably from place to place. During the winter or dry season, extending roughly from November to April, the monsoon winds usually blow from the northeast along the China coast and across the Gulf of Tonkin, picking up considerable moisture; consequently the winter season in most parts of the country is dry only by comparison with the rainy or summer season. The average annual temperature is generally higher in the plains than in the mountains and plateaus and in the south than in the north. Temperatures in the southern plains (Ho Chi Minh City and the Mekong Delta) varies less, going between 21 and 28 degree Celsius (70 and 82.5 °F) over the course of a year. The seasons in the mountains and plateaus and in the north are much more dramatic, and temperatures may vary from 5 degree Celsius (41 °F) in December and January to 37 degree Celsius (98.6 °F) in July and August. 　　 　　Nature 　　 　　Sunset in the fishing village of Mui Ne on the south-east coastVietnam has two World's Natural Heritage sites: Halong Bay and Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park and 6 World's biosphere reserves including: Can Gio Mangrove Forest, Cat Tien, Cat Ba, Kien Giang, Red River Delta, Western Nghe An. 　　 　　Biodiversity 　　 　　According to chapter 1 in National Environmental Present Condition Report 2005- Biodiversity Subject of Vietnam Environment Protection Agency, in species diversity, Vietnam is one of 25 countries having high level in biodiversity all over the world, is ranked 16th of biologically diverse level (having 16% world's species) (page 9). 15,986 flora was identified of which 10% was endemic (p9). Statistic says that there are 307 nematodes, 200 oligochaeta, 145 acarina, 113 springtails, 7750 insects, 260 reptiles, 120 amphibians, 840 birds and 310 mammals of which 100 birds and 78 mammals are endemic (p9,10). Vietnam also have 1438 fresh water microalgae (9,6% species in the world) (Table 1.2, p9). It is defined that there are 794 aquatic invertebrate and 2458 sea fish (p10,11). In recent years, there have been 13 genera, 222 species, 30 taxa of flora newly described and 6 mammals have been discovered such as the saola, giant muntjac, Edwards's Pheasant, Tonkin Snub-nosed Langur, livistona halongensis, geothelphusa vietnamica, etc (frame 1.4, p11,12). In agricultural genetic diversity, Vietnam is one of 12 world's original cultivar centers (p13). Vietnam National Cultivar Gene Bank is preserving 12,300 cultivars of 115 species (p14). 　　 　　In chapter 4 of that report, it is said that Vietnam government spent 49.07 million USD for biodiversity in 2004 (p71) and have established 126 conservation areas including 28 national parks (p73). 　　 　　Economy 　　 　　Vietnamese currency: 500 000 VNDThe Vietnam War destroyed much of the economy of Vietnam. Upon taking power, the Government created a planned economy for the nation. Collectivization of farms, factories and economic capital was implemented, and millions of people were put to work in government programs. For many decades, Vietnam's economy was plagued with inefficiency and corruption in state programs, poor quality and underproduction and restrictions on economic activities and trade. It also suffered from the trade embargo from the United States and most of Europe after the Vietnam War. Subsequently, the trade partners of the Communist blocs began to erode. In 1986, the Sixth Party Congress introduced significant economic reforms with market economy elements as part of a broad economic reform package called "đổi mới" (Renovation). Private ownership was encouraged in industries, commerce and agriculture. Vietnam achieved around 8% annual GDP growth from 1990 to 1997 and continued at around 7% from 2000 to 2005, making it the world's second-fastest growing economy. Simultaneously, foreign investment grew threefold and domestic savings quintupled. 　　 　　Rice farming in Ninh Binh ProvinceManufacturing, information technology and high-tech industries form a large and fast-growing part of the national economy. Vietnam is a relative new-comer to the oil business, but today it is the third-largest oil producer in Southeast Asia with output of 400,000 barrels per day (64,000 m³/d). Vietnam is one of Asia's most open economies: two-way trade is around 160% of GDP, more than twice the ratio for China and over four times India's. 　　 　　Vietnam is still a relatively poor country with an annual GDP of US$280.2 billion at purchasing power parity (2006 estimate). This translates to a purchasing power of about US$3,300 per capita (or US$726 per capita at the market exchange rate). Inflation rate was estimated at 7.5% per year in 2006. Deep poverty, defined as a percent of the population living under $1 per day, has declined significantly and is now smaller than that of China, India, and the Philippines. 　　 　　As a result of several land reform measures, Vietnam is now the largest producer of cashew nuts with a one-third global share and second largest rice exporter in the world after Thailand. Vietnam has the highest percent of land use for permanent crops, 6.93%, of any nation in the Greater Mekong Subregion. Besides rice, key exports are coffee, tea, rubber, and fishery products. However, agriculture's share of economic output has declined, falling as a share of GDP from 42% in 1989 to 20% in 2006, as production in other sectors of the economy has risen. According to the CIA World Fact Book, the unemployment rate in Vietnam is one of the lowest in the world at 2%, trailing behind only Azerbaijan, Cuba, Iceland, Andorra and Liechtenstein. Among other steps taken in the process of transitioning to a market economy, Vietnam in July 2006 updated its intellectual property legislation to comply with TRIPS. Vietnam was accepted into the WTO on November 7, 2006. Vietnam's chief trading partners include Japan, Australia, ASEAN countries, the U.S. and Western European countries. 　　 　　Military 　　 　　Quân Đội Nhân Dân Việt Nam, The Vietnam People's Army (VPA), is the official collective term for the armed forces of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. The VPA consists of the Vietnam People's Ground Forces, Vietnam People's Navy, Vietnam People's Air Force, and Vietnam People's Coast Guard. 　　 　　Transport 　　 　　The modern transport network of Vietnam was originally developed under French rule for the purpose of raw materials harvesting, and reconstructed and extensively modernized following the Vietnam War. The road system is the most popular form of transportation in the country. Vietnam’s road system includes national roads administered by the central level; provincial roads managed by the provincial level; district roads managed by the district level; urban roads managed by cities and towns; and commune roads managed by the commune level. 　　 　　Bicycles, motor scooters and motorcycles remain the most popular forms of road transport in Vietnam's cities, towns, and villages although the number of privately-owned automobiles is also on the rise, especially in the larger cities. Public bus operated by private companies is the main long distance travel means for many people. Traffic congestion is a serious problem in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City as the cities' roads struggle to cope with the booming numbers of automobiles. There are also more than 17,000 kilometers of navigable waterways, which play a significant role in rural life owing to the extensive network of rivers in Vietnam. 　　 　　The nation has seven developed ports and harbors at Cam Ranh, Da Nang, Hai Phong, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Gai (Halong City), Qui Nhon, and Nha Trang. 　　 　　Demography 　　 　　Population 　　 　　Recent census estimates the population of Vietnam at beyond 84 million. Vietnamese people, also called "Viet" or "Kinh", account for 86.2 percent of the population. Their population is concentrated in the alluvial deltas and coastal plains of the country. A homogeneous social and ethnic majority group, the Kinh exert political and economic control. There are more than 54 ethnic minorities throughout the country, but the Kinh are purveyors of the dominant culture. Most ethnic minorities, such as the Muong, a closely related ethnic of the Kinh, are found mostly in the highlands covering two-thirds of the territory. The Hoa (ethnic Chinese) and Khmer Krom are mainly lowlanders. The largest ethnic minority groups include the Hmong, Dao, Tay, Thai, and Nung. 　　 　　Languages 　　 　　The people of Vietnam speak Vietnamese as a native language. In its early history, Vietnamese writing used Chinese characters. In the 13th century, the Vietnamese developed their own set of characters called Chữ nôm. The celebrated epic Đoạn trường tân thanh (Truyện Kiều or The Tale of Kieu) by Nguyễn Du was written in Chữ nôm. During the French colonial period, Quốc ngữ, the romanized Vietnamese alphabet used for spoken Vietnamese, which was developed in 17th century by Jesuit Alexandre De Rhodes and several other Catholic missionaries, became popular and brought literacy to the masses. 　　 　　Various other languages are spoken by several minority groups in Vietnam. The most common of these are Tày, Mường, Khmer, Chinese, Nùng, and H'Mông. The French language, a legacy of colonial rule, is still spoken by some older Vietnamese as a second language, but is losing its popularity. Vietnam is also a full member of the Francophonie. Russian — and to a much lesser extent German, Czech, or Polish — is sometimes known among those whose families had ties with the Soviet bloc. In recent years, English is becoming more popular as a second language. English study is obligatory in most schools. Chinese and Japanese have also become more popular. 　　 　　Religions 　　 　　Vietnam religiosity 　　religion percent 　　Buddhism   85% 　　Christianity   8% 　　Caodaism   3% 　　Others   4% 　　 　　"One pillar" pagoda, Hanoi capital. 　　Cao Dai temple in My ThoFor much of Vietnamese history, Mahayana Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism have strongly influenced the religious and cultural life of the people. About 85% of Vietnamese identify with Buddhism even though they do not practice on a regular basis. About 8% of the population are Christians (about 6 million Roman Catholics and less than 1 million Protestants, census of 2007). Christianity was introduced first by the Portuguese and the Dutch traders in the 16th and 17th centuries, then further propagated under the French colonists in the 19th and 20th centuries, and to a lesser extent, by American Protestant missionaries during the presence of American forces during the 1960s and early 70's. The largest Protestant churches are the Evangelical Church of Vietnam and the Montagnard Evangelical Church. 　　 　　Vietnam has great reservation towards Roman Catholicism. This mistrust originated during the French colonial time when some Catholics collaborated with the French colonists as espionage agents and militiamen to suppress the Vietnamese independence movement. Furthermore, the Church's teaching regarding communism made it an unwelcome counterforce to communist rule. Relationship with the Vatican, however, has improved in recent years. Membership of Sunni and Bashi Islam is usually accredited to the ethnic Cham minority, but there are also a few ethnic Vietnamese adherents of Islam in the southwest. The total number of Muslims remains very small nevertheless. The communist government has from time to time been criticized for its religious restrictions although it has categorically denied that such restrictions exist today. 　　 　　The vast majority of Vietnamese people of Asian religions practice Ancestor Worship, although this may not be strictly considered a religion. 　　 　　From the articles of Religions by country, Religion in Vietnam and Demographics of Vietnam; 85% is nominal/secular Buddhists including predominant 83% East Asian Buddhist or "Triple religion" (80% of people are worship the mixture of Mahayana Buddhism mainly, Taoism, Confucianism with Ancestor Worship; 2% Hòa Hảo with 1% of some new Vietnamese-Buddhist sects as Tứ Ân Hiếu Nghĩa, Pure Land Buddhist, etc) and 2% Theravada Buddhism, mainly among Khmer people but the census of Government showed that only over 10 million people have taken refuge in the Three Jewels; 8% Christians (7% Catholics and 1% Protestants); 3% Caodaism; 2.5% Tribal animism; less than 70 thousand Muslims; small Hindu communities (over 50 thousand people) and a small numbers of Baha'is. 　　 　　Education 　　 　　Vietnam has an extensive state-controlled network of schools, colleges and universities but the number of privately-run and mixed public and private institutions is also growing. General education in Vietnam is imparted in 5 categories: Kindergarten, elementary schools, middle schools, high schools, and college / university. Courses are taught mainly in Vietnamese. A large number of public schools have been organized across cities, towns and villages with the purpose of raising the national literacy rate which is already among the highest in the world. There are a large number of specialist colleges, established to develop a diverse and skilled national workforce. A large number of Vietnam's most acclaimed universities are based in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. Facing serious crises, Vietnam's education system is under a holistic reform launched by the government. In Vietnam, education from age 6 to 11 is free and mandatory. Education above these ages is not free, therefore some poor families may find it hard to come up with the tuition for their children without some forms of public or private assistance. Regardless, school enrollment is among the highest in the world and the number of colleges and universities increased quite dramatically in recent years, from 178 in 2000 to 299 in 2005. 　　 　　Health service 　　 　　Science 　　In the past, Vietnam did not have "science" in its generally accepted meaning, but many fields were well developed, especially social science and humanities. It has at least ten centuries of commentary and analytic writings. Among the best known works are those of "Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư" of Ngô Sĩ Liên. Writings that deal with geography, nature, customs and people were written by "Dư địa chí" of Nguyễn Trãi. In mathematics, operations (including power and extract the root) of primary arithmetics and surveying, measurement (length, area, volume...) of primary geometry were taught in schools using the famous textbook: "Đại thành toán pháp" of Lương Thế Vinh. Lương Thế Vinh had notion of zero and Mạc Hiển Tích used the term "số ẩn" (unknown/secret/hidden number) to refer to negative numbers. Much knowledge was collected into encyclopedia: "Vân đài loại ngữ" of Lê Quý Đôn and "Lịch triều hiến chương loại chí" of Phan Huy Chú. 　　 　　Culture 　　 　　The Hanoi Opera House is an example of French Colonial architecture in Vietnam.The official spoken and written language of Vietnam is Vietnamese. 　　 　　The culture of Vietnam has been influenced by neighboring China. Due to Vietnam's long association with the south of China, one characteristic of Vietnamese culture is financial duty. Education and self-betterment are highly valued. Historically, passing the imperial Mandarin exams was the only means for Vietnamese people to socially advance themselves. 　　 　　In the socialist era, the cultural life of Vietnam has been deeply influenced by government-controlled media and the cultural influences of socialist programs. For many decades, foreign cultural influences were shunned and emphasis placed on appreciating and sharing the culture of communist nations such as the Soviet Union, China, Cuba and others. Since the 1990s, Vietnam has seen a greater exposure to Southeast Asian, European and American culture and media. 　　 　　One of the most popular Vietnamese traditional garments is the "Áo Dài", worn often for special occasions such as weddings or festivals. White Áo dài is the required uniform for girls in many high schools across Vietnam. Áo Dài was once worn by both genders but today it is worn mainly by females, except for certain important traditional culture-related occasions where some men do wear it. 　　 　　Vietnamese cuisine uses very little oil and many vegetables. The main dishes are often based on rice, soy sauce, and fish sauce. Its characteristic flavors are sweet (sugar), spicy (serrano peppers), sour (lime), nuoc mam (fish sauce), and flavored by a variety of mint and basil. 　　 　　Vietnamese music varies slightly in the three regions: Bắc or North, Trung or Central, and Nam or South. Northern classical music is Vietnam's oldest and is traditionally more formal. Vietnamese classical music can be traced to the Mongol invasions, when the Vietnamese captured a Chinese opera troupe. Central classical music shows the influences of Champa culture with its melancholic melodies. Southern music exudes a lively laissez-faire attitude. 　　 　　My Dinh National Stadium in Western HanoiFootball (soccer) is the most popular sport in Vietnam. Sports and games such as badminton, tennis, ping pong, and chess are also popular with large segments of the population. Volleyball, especially women's volleyball, is watched by a fairly large number of Vietnamese. The (expatriate Vietnamese) community forms a prominent part of Vietnamese cultural life, introducing Western sports, films, music and other cultural activities in the nation. 　　 　　Vietnam is home to a small film industry. 　　 　　Among countless other traditional Vietnamese occasions, the traditional Vietnamese wedding is one of the most important. Regardless of westernization, many of the age-old customs in a Vietnamese wedding continue to be celebrated by both Vietnamese in Vietnam and overseas, often combining both western and eastern elements. 　　 　　Media 　　Vietnam's media sector is controlled by the government to follow the official communist party line. The Voice of Vietnam is the official state-run radio broadcasting service that covers the nation. It also broadcasts internationally via shortwave, renting transmitters in other countries and provides broadcasts from its website. Vietnam Television is the national television broadcasting company. As Vietnam moved toward a free-market economy with its Đổi mới measures, the government has relied on the print media to keep the public informed about its policies. The measure has had the effect of almost doubling the numbers of newspapers and magazines since 1996 . Vietnam is putting considerable effort into modernization and expansion of its telecommunication system, but its performance continues to lag behind that of its more modern neighbors. 　　 　　Tourism 　　Vietnam's number of visitors for tourism and vacation has increased steadily over the past ten years. About 3.56 million international guests visited Vietnam in 2006, an increase of 3.7% from 2005. The country is investing capital into the coastal regions that are already popular for their beaches and boat tours. Hotel staff and tourism guides in these regions speak a good amount of English. 　　 　　Sports and games 　　 　　International rankings 　　Organization Survey Ranking 　　Heritage Foundation/The Wall Street Journal Index of Economic Freedom 142 out of 157 　　The Economist Worldwide Quality-of-life Index, 2005 61 out of 111 　　Reporters Without Borders Worldwide Press Freedom Index 155 out of 167 　　Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index 111 out of 163 　　United Nations Development Programme Human Development Index 109 out of 177 　　World Economic Forum Global Competitiveness Report 77 out of 125

pínglún (0)