běi yáng zhèng fǔ  (1859nián～1919nián)

zì：	huá fǔ
jíguàn：	hé běi hé jiān
kāiduān zhōngjié zàiwèi 1917nián 1918nián 

　　 féng guó zhāng （ 1859 héng 1919 nián） zì huá fǔ， hàn zú， hé běi hé jiànrén， běi yáng jūn fá zhí xì shǒu lǐng， céng rèn zhōng huá mín guó dài zǒng tǒng。
　　 féng guó zhāng yú 1859 nián 1 yuè 7 rì ( qīng xián fēng bā nián shí 'èr yuè chū sì ) chū shēng zài zhí lì ( jīn hé běi ) hé jiān xiàn xī shī jīng cūn， féng jiā yuán shì cūn zhōng dà hù， dàn dào qí fù shí， jiā dào kāi shǐ zhōng luò， tā 7 suì rù běn cūn sī shú dú shū， 5 nián hòu rù qí wài gōng jiā suǒ zài dì sān shí lǐ pū máo gōng shū yuàn dú shū， 1876 nián jié yè， kǎo shì míng liè qián máo。 zài táng shū féng gān táng de zī zhù xià， féng guó zhāng 1881 nián dào bǎo dìng lián chí shū yuàn jìn xiū 2 nián， yīn jiā jìng jiān nán， 1883 nián chuò xué huí jiā。 wèile zhǎo xún chū lù， féng guó zhāng yú 1884 nián mò gào bié fù mǔ qī zǐ， zhǐ shēn qù jīn tóu jūn， kāi shǐ liǎo tā de jūn lǚ shēng yá。
　　1885 nián féng guó zhāng rù huái jūn zhí zì yíng dāng bīng。 6 yuè， zhí lì zǒng dū jiān běi yáng dà chén zài tiān jīn chuàng bàn běi yáng wǔ bèi xué táng。 féng guó zhāng chéng wéi wǔ bèi xué táng dì yī qī bù bīng xué yuán。 1889 nián 7 yuè， féng guó zhāng cóng gāi xiào yǐ yōu yì chéng jì bì yè， 1893 chūn， féng guó zhāng rù huái jūn niè shì chéng jūn zuò mù liáo， dé dào niè de qì zhòng。 zài jiá wǔ zhàn zhēng qī jiān， tā suí niè shì chéng fù cháo xiān jí dōng běi qián xiàn zuò zhàn， zhàn hòu tā dé dào liǎo hòu bǔ zhī xiàn bìng jiā wǔ pǐn dǐng dài de xū xián。 1899 nián yuán shì kǎi de xīn jiàn lù jūn gǎi chēng wǔ wèi yòu jūn。 tóng nián， yuán chū rèn shān dōng xún fǔ， féng guó zhāng yě suí jūn rù lǔ， bìng fèng mìng gǎi biān yuán jiù jūn， zǔ chéng wǔ wèi yòu jūn xiān fēng duì 20 yíng。 1901 nián 11 yuè， shēng wéi bǔ yòng zhī fǔ bìng jiā yán yùn shǐ yòng quán xián。 1911 nián 10 yuè 10 rì， wǔ chāng qǐ yì bào fā， qīng tíng pài lù jūn dà chén yìn chāng shuài běi yáng jūn nán xià zhèn yā。 zhī hòu， yòu wěi féng guó zhāng wéi jūn tǒng， shuài bù zēng yuán。 féng zài hú běi 'àn bīng bù dòng， yòu yì tuō yán。 qīng tíng pò bù dé yǐ， bèi pò qǐ yòng yuán shì kǎi。 yuán chū shān hòu， féng guó zhāng shuài jūn yǔ gé mìng jūn jī zhàn sì yè， yú 1911 nián 11 yuè 1 rì gōng xiàn hàn kǒu。
　　 yuán shì kǎi dāng shàng mín guó lín shí dà zǒng tǒng hòu， féng guó zhāng yú 1912 nián 9 yuè chū rèn zhí lì dū dū jiān mín zhèng tīng cháng。 èr cì gé mìng bào fā hòu， féng guó zhāng rèn jiāng huái xuān fǔ shǐ jiān běi yáng jūn dì 'èr jūn jūn cháng nán xià zhèn yā， yú 1913 nián 9 yuè 2 rì gōng zhàn nán jīng。 12 yuè 16 rì féng guó zhāng chū rèn jiāng sū dū dū， tóng nián jìn shēng lù jūn shàngjiàng， hòu yòu shòu yǐ xuān wǔ shàngjiàng。 yuán shì kǎi sǐ hòu， lí yuán hóng jì rèn zǒng tǒng， guó huì xuǎn féng guó zhāng wéi fù zǒng tǒng， tā bù yuàn shī qù dì pán， gù zài jiāng sū jiù zhí， réng jiān jiāng sū dū jūn。 1917 nián 7 yuè， zhāng xūn fù bì， lí yuán hóng jìn rù wài guó shǐ guǎn。 féng guó zhāng yǐ fù zǒng tǒng dài lǐ dà zǒng tǒng， tōng diàn tǎo fá zhāng xūn。 zhāng xūn zhàn bài hòu， féng guó zhāng yǐ fǎ jiāng dà zǒng tǒng zhí quán hái yú lí yuán hóng。 cǐ shí běi yáng yǐ duàn qí ruì wéi shǒu de wǎn xì jí yǐ féng guó zhāng wéi shǒu de zhí xì liǎng pài jī běn xíng chéng。 sūn zhōng shān jǔ qǐ hù fǎ qí zhì hòu， duàn chí wǔ lì zhèng cè， jiān chí duì nán fāng yòng bīng。 féng xiǎng lí jīng chū táo， zài bèngbù shòu zǔ， zhǐ dé huí jīng， ràng duàn qí ruì zhòng dāng zǒng lǐ。
　　 wǎn xì zhèng kè zài cǐ shí yǐ jiàn lì “ ān fú jù lè bù ”， cèhuà xīn de zǒng tǒng xuǎn jǔ。 féng guó zhāng zì zhī dāng xuǎn wú wàng， yú 1918 nián 8 yuè 13 rì， tōng diàn cí zhí。 yú 1919 nián fǎn huí hé jiān gù lǐ。 1919 nián 10 yuè， féng guó zhāng dǐ běi jīng， 12 yuè 28 rì bìng shì， zhōng nián 60 suì。
　　 tiān jīn féng guó zhāng jiù jū féng guó zhāng ， qí zǔ fù féng pī zhèn， jiā jìng fù yù， yòu dì 300 mǔ， wéi gāi cūn sì dà hù zhī yī。 qí fù féng chūn táng， yīn kē jǔ luò bǎng， jīng shén shī cháng， yòu yīn zāo tiān zāi， jiā dào zhú jiàn zhōng luò。 féng guó zhāng yòu bāo xiōng dì 4 gè， tā xíng sì。 lǎo dà féng pèi zhāng， cháng nián jīng yíng xì bān， bēn bō wài xiāng； lǎo 'èr féng yùn zhāng， zì yòu dú shū， bèi xuǎn wéi bá gòng； lǎo sān féng hǔ zhāng， wén xiáng shēng。
　　 jī shēn“ běi yáng sān jié” zhī liè
　　1884 nián， 25 suì de féng guó zhāng zhǐ shēn lái dào dà gū kǒu huái jūn zhí zì yíng， tōng guò zài gāi yíng rèn wén shū de zú shū jiè shào， rù wǔ dāng bīng。 yīn féng jù yòu yī dìng wén huà chéng dù， jīng cháng bāng zhù shì bīng shū xiě jiā xìn huò bāng huǒ fáng jì zhàng， rén yuán bù cuò， yì qǔ dé liǎo gāi yíng tǒng lǐng liú qí de xìn lài。 dì 'èr nián， jīng liú bǎo jiàn， féng guó zhāng jìn rù tiān jīn wǔ bèi xué táng， xí bù bīng kē。 gāi xué táng shì zhí lì zǒng dū jiān běi yáng dà chén lǐ hóng zhāng wéi péi yǎng huái jūn zhōng xià jí jūn shì rén cái yú 1885 nián chuàng bàn de。 pìn yòu dé guó jūn shì jiào guān， suǒ shè kè chéng yòu bīng fǎ、 dì lì、 jūn qì、 pào tái、 suàn fǎ、 cè huì， bìng cāo xí pào duì， bù duì、 mǎ duì、 gōng duì jí fēn hé zhèn fǎ， lìng wài hái jiān xué jīng shǐ。 féng guó zhāng shì gāi xué táng dì yī qī xué yuán。 zài xué xí qī jiān， tā céng huí yuán jí cān jiā kē jǔ kǎo shì， dāng shí tè shè shù xué fù shēng 'é， yīn tā shàn cháng suàn shù， kǎo zhōng xiù cái。 hòu fǎn huí tiān jīn wǔ bèi xué táng jì xù xué xí jūn shì。 féng guó zhāng xué xí kè kǔ， jīng tōng qiāng pào zhèn shì， shú xí yíng lěi zuò yè， gè kē chéng jì yōu xiù， céng dé dào gāi xué táng zǒng bàn yìn chāng hé dé guó jiào guān de shǎng shí。 1890 nián bì yè， bèi liú xiào rèn jiào。
　　 dāng shí féng guó zhāng yǐ jiè 'ér lì zhī nián， tā bù 'ān yú xiàn zhuàng， xiǎng dà lì jūn gōng， chū rén tóu dì， yú shì zài 1893 nián jìn niè shì chéng jūn zhōng xiào lì。 zài zhōng rì jiá wǔ zhàn zhēng qián xī， féng céng suí niè shì chéng fù dōng běi hé cháo xiān děng dì kǎo chá hé cè huì dì xíng， wéi shí bàn nián， bá shè shù qiān lǐ， cān fēng sù lù， lì jìn jiān xiǎn。 suǒ dá zhī chù， duì shān chuān yào sài jūn yòng xīn fǎ huì tú shuō míng， dì xíng dì wù， liǎo rú zhǐ zhǎng。 suǒ sōu jí de zī liào yǐ niè shì chéng zhī míng biān chéng《 dōng yóu jì chéng》 yī shū， yóu féng guó zhāng rèn zhù shuō biān ji， jí zhì dì 'èr nián niè shì chéng shuài bù zài cháo xiān hé dōng běi děng dì kàng jī rì jūn shí， zhè bù zhù zuò fā huī liǎo jí dà de zhǐ dǎo zuò yòng。 gù cǐ， féng guó zhāng dé dào liǎo niè shì chéng de chuí qīng， bèi rèn mìng wéi gāi jūn jūn xiè jú dū bàn。
　　 jiá wǔ zhàn zhēng hòu， féng guó zhāng dé niè shì chéng bǎo jiàn， yǐ qīng cháo zhù rì gōng shǐ yù gēng suí yuán shēn fèn fù rì。 féng guó zhāng zài rì běn qī jiān， wéi kǎo chá rì běn jūn shì， jié jiāo liǎo rì běn jūn jiè rén shì fú dǎo 'ān zhèng、 qīng mù xuān chún děng rén， bìng bó lǎn dà pī jìn dài jūn shì zhù zuò， qǔ dé liǎo dà liàng yòu guān jūn shì jiào liàn de zī liào， bùshě zhòu yè， chāo lù hé zhěng lǐ liǎo jǐ dà běn yòu guān jūn shì xùn liàn hé jìn dài jūn shì kē xué fā zhǎn de“ bīng shū”， féng yì yīn cǐ dà cháng cáigàn。
　　1896 nián féng guó zhāng huí guó hòu， jiāng jīng xīn zhěng lǐ hǎo de bǐ jì zī liào chéng sòng niè shì chéng， niè yòu zhuǎn chéng yuán shì kǎi。 dāng shí， yuán shì kǎi zhèng zài jī jí chóu bàn xiǎo zhàn liàn bīng shì yí， jí xū jūn shì jiào xué rén cái， jiàn dào féng suǒ zhěng lǐ de jūn shì zī liào rú huò“ hóng bǎo”， suì zhāo féng guó zhāng rù xiǎo zhàn fǔ zuǒ biān liàn xīn jūn。 yǔ féng guó zhāng tóng shí jìn xiǎo zhàn de hái yòu tā zài wǔ bèi xué táng shí de tóng xué wáng shì zhēn hé duàn qí ruì děng rén。 féng guó zhāng zài jiào xué zhōng jié hé shí jì， shēn rù qiǎn chū， shēn shòu xué bīng de yōng hù hé 'ài dài。 wèi jǐ， féng guó zhāng jí bèi rèn mìng wéi dū cāo yíng wù chù bāng bàn jiān bù bīng xué táng jiān dū。 bù jiǔ， yòu shēng wéi dū cāo yíng wù chù zǒng bàn。 féng guó zhāng jiàn yú xīn jiàn lù jūn chū chuàng， zài xùn liàn gōng zuò shàng yìng yòu suǒ zūn xún， jīng guò jīng xīn chóuhuà， yǔ wáng shì zhēn、 duàn qí ruì děng rén hé lì biān chéng《 xùn liàn cāo fǎ xiáng xī tú shuō》 22 cè， chéng wéi suí yíng xué táng de biāo zhǔn jiào kē shū， yě shì qīng cháo mò nián wǒ guó jūn shì xué xiào hé biān liàn xīn jūn de zhù yào jiào cái。 yóu yú féng guó zhāng děng rén duì yuán shì kǎi de chì xīn fǔ zuǒ， shǐ xiǎo zhàn liàn bīng de shēng yù dà zhèn， féng guó zhāng yě zhú bù tóu xiàng yuán shì kǎi de huái bào。
　　 yuán shì kǎi chū mài guāng xù hé cānyù“ wù xū biàn fǎ” de wéi xīn pài， shēn dé nà lā shì chǒng xìn。 1899 nián 3 yuè， xīn jiàn lù jūn gǎi chēng“ wǔ wèi yòu jūn”。 bù jiǔ， yuán shì kǎi shuài jūn fù shān dōng， bèi pài shǔ lǐ shān dōng xún fǔ， zhèn yā yì hé tuán yùn dòng。 féng guó zhāng yǐ dū cāo yíng wù chù zǒng bàn shēn fèn， jiāng 1 wàn duō rén de shān dōng yǒng yíng zhú bù gǎi biān wéi wǔ wèi yòu jūn xiān fēng duì， bìng céng yī dù shuài duì zài zhí lì yǔ shān dōng jiāo jiè de dé zhōu yī dài， wéi zhuī dǔ jié yì hé tuán。 1900 nián féng guó zhāng cān yù zhèn yā yì hé tuán yùn dòng yòu“ gōng”， jīng yuán shì kǎi zòu bǎo， shēng wéi bǔ yòng zhī fǔ。 bù jiǔ bèi diào zhì Jǐnán zhù guǎn wǔ wèi yòu jūn hé shān dōng quán shěng jūn duì dū cāo shì yí。
　　 yuán shì kǎi wèile zài dé guó rén miàn qián chū fēng tóu， jué dìng jǔ xíng qiū cāo， mìng féng guó zhāng 、 wáng shì zhēn、 duàn qí ruì zhòu yè jiā jǐn cāo liàn jūn duì。 1900 nián qiū jì， yuán shì kǎi yāo qǐng dé guó zhù jiāo zhōu wān zǒng dū yīháng dǐ Jǐnán guān cāo。 zǒng dū zài yuán shì kǎi děng rén de péi tóng xià dēng shàng guān cāo tái， zhǐ jiàn jūn qí yī sè xiān míng， duì wǔ zhěng sù jīng zhuàng， jūn wēi lǐn rán。 shí féng guó zhāng fā chū hóng liàng de kǒu lìng， duì wǔ“ yī jǔ zú zé wàn zú qí fā， yī jǔ qiāng zé wàn qiāng tóng shēng， xíng ruò bēn tāo， lì rú zhí mù”。 zǒng dū dāng miàn chēng zàn féng guó zhāng 、 wáng shì zhēn、 duàn qí ruì wéi“ běi yáng sān jié”。
　　1901 nián， qīng tíng zhuó shēng yuán shì kǎi wéi zhí lì zǒng dū jiān běi yáng dà chén， féng guó zhāng yì suí zhī fù rèn。 yuán shì kǎi yě xīn hěn dà ． dào dá zhí lì hòu， biàn kāi shǐ dà guī mó dì kuò chōng běi yáng jūn。 suǒ wèi běi yáng jūn shì yīn zhí lì zǒng dū jiān běi yáng dà chén lǐ hóng zhāng、 yuán shì kǎi biān liàn xīn jūn 'ér dé míng。 yuán shì kǎi shǒu xiān zài bǎo dìng shè lì biān liàn běi yáng cháng bèi jūn de zhuān mén jī gòu －－ jūn zhèng sī， gāi sī fēn bīng bèi、 cān móu、 jiào liàn sān chù， féng guó zhāng chū rèn jiào liàn chù zǒng bàn。 féng guó zhāng jié lì xiū míng cāo fǎ， zhì dìng zhāng chéng hé biān liàn jìhuà， cóng 'ér bǎ xīn jiù jūn duì de xùn liàn tǒng yī qǐ lái。 shǐ biān liàn xīn jūn yī shí pō zhù chéng xiào。 wèi jǐ， qīng zhèng fǔ pài féng guó zhāng yǔ mǎn zú guān yuán tiě liáng、 fèng shān fù rì běn kǎo chá jūn shì。 guī guó hòu， féng guó zhāng chū rèn qīng zhèng fǔ liàn bīng chù jūn xué sī zhèng shǐ， tóng shí dū bàn běi yáng gè wǔ bèi xué táng， jiān rèn běi yáng sù chéng wǔ bèi xué táng hé jiāng biàn xué táng dū bàn， yīn cǐ běi yáng jūn fá jí tuán zhōng bù shǎo jūn guān dōushì tā de mén shēng、 gù jiù， wèitā hòu lái chōng dāng zhí xì jūn fá shǒu lǐng dǎ xià liǎo jī ??
　　1906 nián， féng guó zhāng shǔ lǐ zhèng huáng qí měnggǔ fù dū tǒng， jiān rèn lù jūn guì zhòu xué táng zǒng bàn。 gāi xué táng shì qīng tíng zhù yào wéi péi yǎng mǎn méng gāo jí jūn shì rén cái 'ér shè lì de， qí chéng yuán shì wáng gōng shì jué、 sì pǐn yǐ shàng de zōng shì yǐ jí xiàn rèn 'èr pǐn yǐ shàng mǎn hàn wén wǔ dà yuán zǐ dì。 gāi xué táng hái fù shè wáng gōng jiǎng xí suǒ， zài gù dìng shí jiān lǐ zhuān zhào qīn wáng men qù tīng féng jiǎng kè。 féng guó zhāng lì yòng cǐ jī huì jié shí liǎo bù shǎo mǎn méng guì zú， bìng yíng dé liǎo qīng wáng cháo de xìn rèn。 yú shì， 1907 nián féng guó zhāng shēng rèn lù jūn bù jūn zī chù zhèng shǐ。 1908 nián yòu shēng rèn qīng xī líng liáng gè zhuāng zhí bān dà chén。
　　1908 nián， guāng xù、 nà lā shì xiāng jì qù shì， guāng xù zhī dì zài fēng fǔ zuǒ qí zǐ pǔ yí dēng jí zhí zhèng。 zài fēng wèile jí zhōng quán lì bìng tì qí xiōng guāng xù dì bào chóu， biàn bǎ yuán shì kǎi kāi quē， gǎn huí hé nán zhāng dé。 féng guó zhāng pà shòu zhū lián， biàn jiè kǒu“ zhí xī líng yǔ jì， zhuì mǎ shòu shāng”， hé yuán pèi wú fū rén bìng sàng、 mǔ sūn tài fū rén shì shì wéi yóu， qǐng cí huí jí， dàn wèi dé dào pī zhǔn。 qīng tíng réng wěi pài tā fù zé bàn lǐ rì cháng jūn wù。 féng guó zhāng duì yuán shì kǎi gǎn 'ēn tú bào， réng 'àn tōng yīn xìn， biǎo shì zhōng chéng， bìng jié lì wéi yuán shì kǎi dōng shān zài qǐ chuàng zào tiáo jiàn。
　　1911 nián ( xīn hài nián )8 yuè， qīng zhèng fǔ wèile zhèn shè gé mìng rén mín fǎn qīng dǒu zhēng lì liàng， jué dìng zài zhí lì yǒng píng fǔ ( jīn lú lóng ) jǔ xíng qiū cāo， féng guó zhāng bèi rèn mìng wéi dōng lù zǒng tǒng guān。 10 yuè l0 rì， wǔ chāng xīn jūn bào fā liǎo qǐ yì， xùn jí zhàn lǐng wǔ hàn sān zhèn。 qīng zhèng fǔ jí máng pài lù jūn dà chén yìn chāng shuài liǎng zhèn běi yáng jūn fù hú běi zhèn yā gé mìng， tóng shí yòu rèn mìng féng guó zhāng wéi dì 'èr jūn jūn tǒng， suí hòu zēng yuán nán xià。
　　 féng guó zhāng zài shuài jūn nán xià lù shàng， wéi yuán shì kǎi de mì lìng shì tīng， gēn běn bù lǐ huì yìn chāng de zhǐ huī。 dāng féng guó zhāng shuài jūn tú jīng zhāng dé shí， zhǐ shēn qù huán shàng cūn xiàng yuán shì kǎi qǐng shì jī yí， yuán shì kǎi shòu yì féng“ màn màn zǒu， děng děng kàn” liù zì mì jué， bìng duì féng shuō：“ fēi chóu bèi zhōu tuǒ， jì chū wàn quán， duàn nán dū shī jìn gōng。” qīng zhèng fǔ pò yú wú nài， zhǐ dé qǐng yuán shì kǎi chū shān。 yuán shì kǎi dé shì hòu， mǎ shàng zòu qǐng yóu féng guó zhāng jiē tì yìn chāng dì yī jūn jūn tǒng zhí wù。 féng guó zhāng jí 'àn zhào yuán de zhǐ shì， diào bīng qiǎn jiāng， zuò hǎo jìn gōng zhǔn bèi。 dāng qīng tíng bèi pò shòu yuán shì kǎi jūn zhèng quán quán yǐ hòu， yuán cái mìng lìng féng guó zhāng gōng dǎ hàn kǒu hé hàn yáng qǐ yì xīn jūn。 yú shì féng mìng lìng bù jiāng lǐ chún、 wáng zhàn yuán hé chén guāng yuǎn， zhǐ huī sān xié běi yáng jūn lún fān měng gōng。 qǐ yì xīn jūn miàn duì běi yáng jūn de měng liè gōng shì， huà zhěng wéi líng， duǒ zài hàn kǒu jiē dào liǎng biān de jiàn zhù wù nèi jū jī běi yáng jūn de jìn gōng。 féng guó zhāng jiàn qǐ yì xīn jūn pīn sǐ dǐ kàng， nán yú cháng qū zhí rù， biàn jué dìng fàng huǒ shāo huǐ jiē dào liǎng bàng de shāng diàn hé mín fáng， shǐ qǐ yì jūn wú fǎ cún shēn。 11 yuè 1 rì， féng jiè fēng shì mìng lìng shì bīng fàng huǒ， liè huǒ yóu běi 'ér nán， yóu dōng 'ér xī， yī shí jiān zhěng gè hàn kǒu biàn chéng liǎo huǒ hǎi， sān tiān sān yè wèi xī， shǐ fāng yuán 30 lǐ de fán huá shāng bù qīng shí chéng wéi yī piàn jiāo tǔ， shāng mín sǔn shī bù kě jì suàn。 gōng xiàn hàn kǒu hòu， 11 yuè 27 rì féng guó zhāng yòu zhǐ huī běi yáng jūn gōng zhàn liǎo hàn yáng。 cǐ yī yì， féng guó zhāng bèi qīng tíng fēng wéi 'èr děng nán jué。 zhèng dāng cháng jiāng yī gǔ kě dù、 wǔ chāng chuí shǒu kě dé zhī shí， yuán shì kǎi wèile jiè yòng gé mìng lì liàng pò shǐ qīng dì tuì wèi jiāo quán， mì lìng féng guó zhāng “ àn bīng bù dòng”。 féng yī shí mō bù zhe yuán shì kǎi de yì tú， bìng duì yuán chǎn shēng huái yí， yú shì qīn zì fù jīng tuō rén xiàng lóng yù tài hòu qǐ zòu， qǐng qiú bō gěi xiǎng yín 400 wàn liǎng， kě dú lì píng dìng“ pàn luàn”。 tài hòu biǎo shì， 400 wàn liǎng xiǎng yín yī shí nán yǐ chóuhuà， dàn kě yǐ xiān bō fā 3 gè yuè de xiǎng yín， bìng zhǔn bèi lín cháo shí zhào jiàn féng guó zhāng 。 bù liào yuán shì kǎi qiǎng xiān yī bù jiàn liǎo tài hòu， shǐ féng guó zhāng de rú yì suàn pán chéng wéi pào yǐng， shèn zhì hái chā yī diǎn bèi yuán shì kǎi gàndiào。 bù jiǔ， duàn qí ruì xùn sù dǐ dá hàn kǒu， jiē tì féng guó zhāng zhǐ huī běi yáng jūn de zhí wù。
　　12 yuè 15 rì， yuán shì kǎi mìng lìng féng guó zhāng lí hàn fù jīng， rèn jìn wèi jūn zǒng tǒng， jiān chá hā 'ěr dū tǒng。 jìn wèi jūn shì 1908 nián zǔ jiàn de yī zhī bǎo wèi qīng wáng cháo de wǔ zhuāng， gòng yī shī 'èr lǚ， jì 1． 2 wàn rén。 chú bù bīng dì sān biāo shì hàn rén wài， qí yú gè bù guān bīng quán xì mǎn méng rén。 féng guó zhāng zhī suǒ yǐ néng yǐ hàn rén tǒng shuài jìn wèi jūn， shì yīn wéi tā yǐ qián céng wéi lù jūn guì zhòu xué táng zǒng bàn， qiě jìn zài hàn yáng zhī yì yòu bèi fēng 'èr děng nán jué， zài jiā shàng 1912 nián 1 yuè 1 rì sūn zhōng shān jiù rèn zhōng huá mín guó lín shí dà zǒng tǒng hòu， yuán shì kǎi céng zhǐ shǐ féng guó zhāng děng 15 míng běi yáng jiànglǐng fā biǎo liǎo“ shì sǐ yōng hù jūn zhù lì xiàn， fǎn duì gòng hé zhèng tǐ” de tōng diàn， yīn cǐ， wáng gōng guì zú dū rèn wéi tā xiào zhōng qīng shì， yú yǐ xìn lài。 féng guó zhāng bèi qīng tíng rèn mìng jìn wèi jūn zǒng tǒng， cóng 'ér wán quán zhǎng wò liǎo jīng jī fáng wù dà quán。
　　 yuán shì kǎi bī pò qīng dì tuì wèi， zāo dào jìn wèi jūn guān bīng de fǎn duì， yǐ zhì yì hé tiáo jiàn chí chí bù néng fā biǎo。 zhè shí， féng guó zhāng jué xīn zhù yuán yī bì zhī lì， qīn fù jìn wèi jūn zǒng bù zhào jí quán tǐ guān bīng， gāo shēng xuān bù dà qīng huáng dì cí wèi hòu zhī yōu dài tiáo jiàn， duì yú jìn wèi jūn 'é shù fèng xiǎng yì réng wéi chí bù biàn， shēng yán fēi cǐ bù néng bǎo quán huáng shì。 féng bìng yǐ shēn jiā xìng mìng dān bǎo， zūn hào réng cún bù fèi， ràng quán bù ràng wèi， liǎng gōng bǎo quán jí jìn wèi jūn dài yù jiē dān bǎo dào dǐ， wú lùn gè rén diào rèn hé zhí， bì réng yǐ jìn wèi jūn zì suí。 yú shì yīcháng qǐ tú zǔ 'ài qīng dì tuì wèi de jìn wèi jūn fēng bō bèi píng xī xià lái， féng guó zhāng zài guān jiàn shí kè wéi yuán shì kǎi cuàn quán lì xià liǎo hàn mǎ gōng láo。
　　1912 nián 9 yuè， féng guó zhāng chū rèn zhí lì shěng dū dū jiān mín zhèng cháng。 1914 nián jìn shēng wéi lù jūn shàngjiàng。 yīn cǐ chéng wéi yuán shì kǎi de zuǒ bǎng yòu bì。
　　 zhèn yā“ èr cì gé mìng” chū rèn jiāng sū dū dū
　　1913 nián 7 yuè，“ èr cì gé mìng” bào fā。 15 rì huáng xīng zài nán jīng xuān bù tǎo yuán。 23 rì， féng guó zhāng shòu mìng chū rèn jiāng huái xuān fǔ shǐ shuài bù yóu jīn pǔ lù nán xià， bù jiǔ gōng xiàn liǎo sù xiàn、 bèngbù hé chú xiàn gè chù， 8 yuè 6 rì zhí dá pǔ kǒu。 16 rì， tā de nǚ xù、 cān jiā fǎn yuán dǒu zhēng de nán jīng dì bā shī shī cháng chén zhī jì， shuài shǎo shù wèi bīng tōu tōu guò jiāng xiàng yuè fù tóu jiàng。 chén jiāng nán jīng qún lóng wú shǒu de hùn luàn qíng kuàng jí qí shè fáng bù jú xiàng féng guó zhāng zuò liǎo xiáng xì huì bào。 féng guó zhāng xǐ xíng yú sè， duì chén zhī jì shuō：“ nǐ tí gōng de qíng kuàng hěn shì zhòng yào， dài wǒ huī jūn dù jiāng， wǒ liǎ lǐ yìng wài hé， gōng xià nán jīng， gěi nǐ lì gè shǒu gōng。” suí hòu， féng guó zhāng huì hé zhāng xūn biàn zǐ bīng jí liú guān xióng hǎi jūn， bù shǔ liǎo lián hé gōng kè nán jīng de zuò zhàn jìhuà。 nán jīng hé hǎi míng shuài tǎo yuán jūn yǔ běi yáng jūn 'áo zhàn bàn gè duō yuè。 9 yuè 2 rì， féng guó zhāng zhǐ huī běi yáng jūn zhà huǐ chéng qiáng jìn rù nán jīng。 rù chéng hòu běi yáng jūn rú tóng yě shòu yī bān， zì yì shāo shā yín lüè， nán jīng shāng mín jiā pò rén wáng zhě， bù kě shèngshǔ， xǔ duō fù nǚ bèi jiān yín hòu tóu qín huái hé zì jìn。 zhāng xūn biàn zǐ jūn shòu xíng yóu shèn。 féng guó zhāng yīn gōng zhàn nán jīng yòu“ gōng”， bèi yuán shòu yú yī děng wén hǔ zhāng。 nán jīng xiàn luò，“ èr cì gé mìng” xuān gào shī bài。 yuán shì kǎi shēn zhī nán jīng hǔ jù lóng pán de zhàn lüè dì wèi duì tā kòng zhì nán fāng zhì guān zhòng yào， yīn cǐ tā běn lái dǎ suàn zài gōng kè nán jīng hòu rèn mìng xīn fù dàjiàng féng guó zhāng wéi jiāng sū dū dū， rán 'ér shì bù còu qiǎo， yīn wéi féng guó zhāng zài gōng zhàn nán jīng qián xī， yǔn nuò liǎo zhāng xūn tí chū de“ xiān gōng rù chéng zhě wéi dū dū” de xié yì， zhāng xūn bù xī biàn jūn cǎn zhòng shāng wáng， qiǎng xiān yī bù gōng rù nán jīng， féng guó zhāng zhǐ dé bǎo jǔ zhāng xūn wéi jiāng sū dū dū。 9 yuè 10 rì， féng guó zhāng běi shàng jì rèn zhí lì dū dū。 rán 'ér zhāng xūn zhì jūn wú fāng， zhōng yǐn chū“ nán jīng jiāo shè 'àn”。 rì、 yīng、 měi děng guó gōng shǐ yǐ zhāng xūn zài nán jīng qí qiáo mín shēng mìng cái chǎn dé bù dào wán quán bǎo zhèng wéi yóu， xiàng yuán shì kǎi shī jiā yā lì。 yú shì yuán shì kǎi yú 12 yuè 16 rì rèn mìng féng guó zhāng chū rèn jiāng sū dū dū。
　　 féng jiē rèn jiāng sū dū dū hòu， dǎzháo wéi hù jiāng sū shè huì zhì xù de qí hào ( qí shí shì wèile zhèn yā gé mìng dǎng rén )， shǒu xiān yú qián qīng jiāng níng fǔ shǔ shè lì jiāng sū quán shěng zhí fǎ chù。 zài cǐ zhī qián yòu cóng tiān jīn diào lái dà pī jǐng chá， dài tì zhāng xūn jūn jǐng wéi hù nán jīng zhì 'ān。 féng guó zhāng yòu jiāng yán jiāng de sì lù yào sài jiā yǐ zhěng dùn， tǒng yī zhǐ huī， rèn mìng wáng yù jiá zhōng jiāng wéi zǒng sī lìng； tóng shí shè lì jūn shì yán jiū suǒ， yòu zài nán jīng shè lì xiàn bīng sī lìng bù， rèn mìng chén diào yuán wéi sī lìng。 jiē zhe yòu chéng lì lù jūn jiǎng wǔ táng、 shuǐ shī xué táng、 lù jūn jǐng chá xué xiào。 féng guó zhāng zài jūn shì shàng de yī xì liè cuò shī， zhǐ zài jiā qiáng běi yáng jūn fá de tǒng zhì， dàn zài kè guān shàng bǎo zhàng liǎo jiāng sū shè huì zhì xù de wěn dìng， yīn cǐ jiāng sū zài féng guó zhāng tǒng zhì de jǐ nián jiān， jīng jì、 wén huà de fā zhǎn shì yòu zhǎngjìn de。 féng guó zhāng shǒu wò sì shī zhòng bīng， jù yòu fù shù de jiāng sū shěng， yī shí chéng liǎo guó nèi gè shěng jūn fá zhòngjǔ zú qīng zhòng de rén wù。
　　 yuán shì kǎi wèile lǒngluò féng guó zhāng ， yú 1914 nián 1 yuè tè jiāng zì jǐ de jiā tíng jiào shī zhōu dǐ jiè shào gěi féng guó zhāng wéi qī。 yuán shì fù zǐ xiǎng jiè cǐ zuǒ yòu féng guó zhāng ， yīn cǐ yuán shì kǎi zhǐ huī bù xià jiāng zhè cì hūn lǐ bàn dé gé wài lóng zhòng， yī shí hōng dòng liǎo dà jiāng nán běi。 yuán shì gěi zhōu dǐ péi sòng de jīn yín shǒu shì、 zhū bǎo yù qì dá 120 yú dān， qí tā zhuāng lián wǔ guāng shí sè， bù kě shèngshǔ。 hūn lǐ chǎng miàn shí fēn rè nào。 hūn hòu jié suàn， jǐn zhāo dài fèi jiù zhī chū bái yín shù wàn liǎng。 bù jiǔ， féng guó zhāng hái bèi shòu yǐ“ xuān wǔ shàngjiàng jūn”。 féng shēn gǎn yuán shì de zhī yù zhī 'ēn， céng duō cì tōng diàn zhī chí yuán shì kǎi jiě sàn guó huì， sī huǐ yuē fǎ， fǎn duì nèi gé zhì， zhù zhāng zǒng tǒng zhì， céng tōng diàn jié lì jiào 'áo zhōng guó“ yìng yú shì jiè shàng zǒng tǒng zhī wài， bié chuàng yī gé， zǒng tǒng yòu quán zé qǔ měi guó， jiě sàn guó huì zé qǔ fǎ guó， shǐ dà zǒng tǒng yǐ wú xiàn quán néng zhǎn qí bào fù”。
　　 jiè fǎn dì zhì jī xù shí lì
　　 yuán shì kǎi pá shàng zhèng shì dà zǒng tǒng de bǎo zuò， hái xián bù guò yǐn， yòu chǎn shēng liǎo zuò huáng dì de yě xīn。 dāng féng guó zhāng huò xī yuán shì fù zǐ zài jīng cèhuà dì zhì de xiāo xī hòu， shí fēn jīng yà。 jīng yǔ zhōu fū rén shāng liàng， jué dìng jìn jīng liǎo jiě nèi mù， yú shì yú 1915 nián 6 yuè qīn fù běi jīng yè yuán。 féng wèn：“ wài wén yòu zǒng tǒng yào gǎi dì zhì de chuán shuō， bù zhī què fǒu ?” yuán dá：“ huá fú， nǐ wǒdōu shì zì jiā rén， wǒ de xīn shì bù fáng xiàng nǐ shuō míng， lì shǐ shàng kāi chuàng zhī zhù， nián jiē bù guò 50， wǒ yǐ shì jiāng jìn 60 suì de rén liǎo， bìnfà jìn bái， jīng lì yě bù rú xī。 dà fán xiǎng zuò huáng dì de rén， bì xū yòu gè hǎo 'ér zǐ， kè shéng jī yè， wǒ zhǎngzǐ kè dìng jiǎo yòu máo bìng， shì gè wú yòng de bǒ zǐ， cì zǐ kè wén zhǐ xiǎng zuò gè míng shì， sān sì zǐ dōushì wán kù， gèng méi chū xī。 wǒ rú guǒ zuò liǎo huáng dì， nǎ yī gè shì wǒ de jì chéng rén ní ? jiāng lái zhǐ néng zhāo huò， bù huì yòu hǎo chù de。” hái shuō shénme tā yǐ zài yīng guó lún dūn mǎi hǎo liǎo fáng zǐ， rú guǒ guó rén bī tā zuò huáng dì， tā jiù qù yīng guó dāng yù gōng。 féng jiàn yuán shì kǎi rú cǐ xìn shì dàn dàn， yě jiù xìn yǐ wéi zhēn liǎo。 rán 'ér zhèng dāng yuán“ zhǐ tiān shì rì， lì biàn qí wú shì” de tóng shí， tā de qīn xìn zuǒ yòu què zhèng zài jī jí chóu bèi dì zhì。 féng huí dào nán jīng hòu， běi jīng“ chóu 'ān huì” jí gōng kāi chàng dǎo huī fù dì zhì， féng guó zhāng bù gǎn bù xìn yòu bù gǎn quán xìn， zhǐ dé qù mì diàn xiàng fǎn duì dì zhì de zǒng tǒng fǔ jī yào jú jú cháng zhāng yī mó xún wèn， bù jiǔ dé dào“ shì chū yòu yīn” de dá fù。 féng guó zhāng shēn gǎn shòu piàn， biàn fèn fèn bù píng dì shuō：“ tā nǎ bǎ wǒ men dāng zì jǐ rén ní ? tā de zuò gōng dǎo zhēn bù huài !” cóng cǐ， féng guó zhāng yǔ yuán shì de máo dùn zhú jiàn jiān ruì huà。
　　 yuán shì kǎi duì féng guó zhāng hěn bù fàng xīn， biàn cǎi qǔ liǎo yán mì de fáng fàn cuò shī。 shǒu xiān zài féng guó zhāng shēn biān 'ān zhì wáng zǐ míng děng rén jiān shì qí xíng dòng； yòu jù chuán zhāng xūn céng jiē yuán shì kǎi yī mì diàn， wèi féng guó zhāng wéi rén bù kě kào， zhǔ qí jiù jìn jiān chá。 bù jǐn rú cǐ， yuán shì kǎi de sǐ dǎng shàng hǎi zhèn shǒu shǐ zhèng rǔ chéng bèi cì hòu， yuán yòu pài qí qīn xìn yáng shàn dé shuài dì sì shī yí zhù shàng hǎi jiān shì féng guó zhāng 。 wèi jǐ， yòu jiā pài lú yǒng xiáng shuài dì shí shī zhù wú sōng， yě wéi liǎo fáng bèi féng guó zhāng 。 féng guó zhāng jiàn cǐ qíng xíng， míng bái liǎo yuán shì kǎi bù zài xiāng xìn zì jǐ， cóng cǐ yǔ yuán shì fù zǐ de guān xì zhú jiàn shū yuǎn， bù kěn zài wéi yuán shì kǎi mài lì。 bù jiǔ， yuán shì fù zǐ zhǐ shì jiāng sū xún 'àn shǐ qí yào lín xuǎn jǔ dài biǎo， jǔ xíng gǎi biàn guó tǐ tóu piào。 qí zhǐ pài dài biǎo shí， féng 'àn shì dū jūn shǔ rén yuán yī lǜ bù dāng dài biǎo， bù cān jiā tóu piào huó dòng。 zài jǔ xíng tóu piào nà tiān， féng guó zhāng tuō bìng bù qù； qí qīn zì dào shǔ quàn qǐng， tā cái miǎnqiǎng dào chǎng， rán 'ér què dāi zuò zài nà lǐ， yī yán bù fā。 12 yuè 18 rì， yuán shì kǎi rèn mìng féng guó zhāng wéi cān móu zǒng cháng， jí diàn cuī cù jìn jīng jiù zhí。 féng nǎi tuō cí hài bìng jù bù jìn jīng， bìng cè dòng jiāng sū jūn mín diàn qǐng“ wǎn liú”， lǐ chún děng dū jūn yě zhì diàn zhù zhāng liú féng。 yuán shì kǎi méi bàn fǎ， zhǐ dé yǔn tā zài nán jīng“ yáo lǐng”。 rán 'ér， yuán shì kǎi réng bù fàng xīn， yī miàn pài ruǎn zhōng shū、 yìn chāng děng rén fù níng jì xù cuī féng lí níng běi shàng， yī miàn diàn lìng yáng shàn dé、 lú yǒng xiáng、 ní sì chōng diào bīng kòng zhì cháng jiāng xià yóu。 12 yuè 25 rì， cài 'è děng xuān gào yún nán dú lì， zǔ zhì hù guó jūn， tǎo fá yuán shì kǎi。 féng guó zhāng jiàn yú quán guó tǎo yuán yùn dòng xīng qǐ． yě jiù bù zài zhuāng bìng liǎo。 1916 nián 3 yuè 9 rì zhì diàn yuán shì kǎi xiāo jiǎ shì shì， cóng cǐ fàng kāi dǎn liàng， gōng kāi fǎn duì dì zhì， suì chéng wéi“ běi yáng pài zhōng fǎn duì hóng xiàn huáng dì zhī dì yī zhōng xīn rén wù”。
　　 féng guó zhāng yī miàn xiàng yuán shì kǎi dié diàn mì chén qǐng“ wù qīng kāi zhàn huò”， yī miàn tōng guò liáng qǐ chāo、 hú 'è gōng děng rén yǔ xī nán diān guì jūn fá táng jì yáo、 lù róng tíng xìn shǐ wǎng lái， yǐ cù shǐ xī nán dú lì hé lù róng tíng gōng jī guǎng zhōu， zhú qū yuán shì kǎi sǐ dǎng lóng jì guāng； tóng shí， yòu quàn shuō sì chuān de běi yáng jūn yǔ hù guó jūn tíng zhàn， bìng qiě zhǐ shǐ sì chuān、 hú nán jiāng jūn chén huàn、 tānɡ xiāng míng tōng diàn jù jué yuán shì kǎi de mìng lìng。 dāng yuán shì kǎi pài cáo kūn shuài běi yáng jūn rù chuān yǔ hù guó jūn jiē huǒ zhī rì， liáng qǐ chāo pài rén fù nán jīng， qǐng féng guó zhāng xié zhù cài 'è fǎn duì dì zhì wéi hù gòng hé。 féng guó zhāng duì lái shǐ shuō：“ wǒ shì tā ( zhǐ yuán shì kǎi ) yī shǒu tí bá qǐ lái 'ér yòu bǐ jiào qīn xìn de rén， wǒ de diàn bào duì tā shì gè zhòng dà dǎ jī。 wǒ men zhī jiān , bù kě huì yán shì yòu zhī yù zhī gǎn de。 lùn sī jiāo wǒ yīnggāi yōng hù tā de， lùn wèiguó jiā dǎ suàn， yòu wàn bù néng zhè yàng zuò， zuò liǎo yě wèi bì duì tā yòu hǎo chù， yī dàn guó rén qún qǐ 'ér gōng zhī， shòu huò gèng liè。 suǒ yǐ， wǒ gāng cái kǎo lǜ de jiēguǒ， jué jì fā diàn quàn yuán tuì wèi。” yú shì， féng jiào mì shū nǐ hǎo liǎng diàn， yī diàn zhì yuán shì kǎi， quàn qí tuì wèi； yī diàn fēn zhì 'è gàn yǔ xī nán gè shěng， biǎo shì tā fǎn duì hóng xiàn dì zhì de tài dù。
　　 bù jǐn rú cǐ， féng hái zhù dòng lián luò jiāng xī lǐ chún、 zhè jiāng zhū ruì、 hú nán tānɡ xiāng míng、 shān dōng jìn yún péng děng jiāng jūn lián míng fā chū mì diàn xiàng gè shěng jiāng jūn zhēng qiú shōu shí shí jú de yì jiàn， shí chēng“ wǔ jiāng jūn mì diàn”， qí diàn wén nèi róng， yào qiú nán fāng zhě： ( yī ) qǔ xiāo dú lì， ( èr ) tuì chū zhàn qū， ( sān ) bǎo hù zhàn dì rén mín。 yào qiú běi fāng zhě： ( héng ) qǔ xiāo dì zhì， ( èr ) chéng bàn dì zhì zuì kuí， ( sān ) qǐng yuán shǒu zì xíng cí zhí yǐ chān quán guó rén mín zhī yì sī。 kě jiàn“ wǔ jiāng jūn mì diàn” shì féng guó zhāng qǐ tú yǐ“ zhōng lì” shěng jiāng jūn shǒu lǐng de míng yì， zhào huàn fēi dú lì gè shěng qū， xíng chéng dì sān zhǒng lì liàng， yǐ tú lián hé hù guó jūn， dǎ dǎo yuán shì kǎi de yī zhǒng jì móu。
　　3 yuè 19 rì， dāng zhí lì shěng xún 'àn shǐ zhū jiā bǎo jiāng“ wǔ jiāng jūn mì diàn” chéng sòng yuán shì kǎi guò mù shí， yuán qì jí zhī xià , jīhū yūndǎo； dì zhì pài jiàn cǐ diàn， yì gè gè chēng mù wú cí， zú jiàn“ wǔ jiāng jūn mì diàn” duì yuán shì dì zhì de dǎ jī chéng dù。 yuán shì kǎi jiàn yú quán guó rén mín fǎn duì dì zhì dǒu zhēng zhèng fāng xīng wèi 'ài， nèi bù yǐ chù sì fēn wǔ liè、 zhòng pàn qīn lí zhī shì， shēn zhī yǐ lín miè dǐng zhī zāi， dàn wèile réng rán bǎo zhù quán lì， qǐ tú jì xù pán jù dà zǒng tǒng zhí wèi， biàn yú 3 yuè 22 rì xuān bù qǔ xiāo dì zhì。
　　 zì cóng“ wǔ jiāng jūn mì diàn” xiè lòu hòu， féng guó zhāng yǔ yuán shì kǎi de liè hén gèng wú fǎ yǎn shì。 yú shì féng guó zhāng héng bù zuò， èr bù xiū， jué dìng duì yuán shī jiā gèng dà yā lì， yǐ pò qí jiāng zhèng quán ràng yú tā。 wèicǐ， féng yú 4 yuè 1 rì hé 16 rì gōng kāi zhì diàn běi jīng zhèng fǔ， quàn yuán jí zǎo tuì wèi。 gè shěng jūn fá fēn fēn xiào yóu， yì xiān hòu tōng diàn quàn yuán shì kǎi xùn sù tuì wèi， yuán shì kǎi bù dé bù pài qīn xìn ruǎn zhōng shū nán xià xiàng féng guó zhāng qǐ qíng。 féng guó zhāng zài ruǎn zhōng shū de qǐng qiú xià， dāyìng lián luò gè shěng， dān rèn tiáotíng。 5 yuè 18 rì， féng guó zhāng yāo jí wèi dú lì gè shěng zài nán jīng zhào kāi dài biǎo huì yì。 féng guó zhāng yì tú tōng guò nán jīng huì yì bī yuán xià tái， yóu tā qǔ 'ér dài zhī。 dàn yóu yú ní sì chōng de pò huài hé gè shěng qū jiāng jūn dài biǎo móu lüè bù yī， suì shǐ nán jīng huì yì yāo zhé。 féng nòng qiǎo chéng zhuō， bèi yú lùn chì zé wéi：“ yǔ qí míng wéi jiě jué yuán shì dì wèi zhī huì yì， wú níng míng wéi jiě jué zì jǐ dì wèi zhī huì yì。”
　　 yuán shì kǎi fù bì dì zhì jī qǐ liǎo quán guó rén mín de wú bǐ fèn nù， dǎo zhì hù guó zhàn zhēng bào fā， běi yáng jūn fá jí tuán nèi bù sì fēn wǔ liè， yuán shì kǎi yú 1916 nián 6 yuè 6 rì zài quán guó rén mín de shēng tǎo shēng zhōng， yōu jù 'ér sǐ。 zài cǐ guò chéng zhōng， féng guó zhāng shì qǐ liǎo yī dìng zuò yòng de。
　　 chū rèn mín guó dài zǒng tǒng
　　 yuán shì kǎi sǐ hòu， lí yuán hóng chū rèn zǒng tǒng。 1916 nián 10 yuè féng guó zhāng bèi xuǎn wéi fù zǒng tǒng， 11 yuè zài nán jīng xuān bù jiù zhí， réng jiān jiāng sū dū jūn。 féng guó zhāng jiù zhí fù zǒng tǒng hòu， biàn zài nán jīng shè lì fù zǒng tǒng bàn shì jī gòu， bìng yǐ guó jiā yuán shǒu de zī tài gōng kāi jiē jiàn zhōng wài jì zhě， dà tán zhì guó fāng lüè， zhù zhāng zhōng guó jiàn shè yào jiàn cì jìn xíng， fǎn duì guó mín dǎng de jī jìn fāng zhēn， yī shí zhèng zhì shàng pō wéi huó yuè。 1917 nián chū， jiāng sū shāng mín jiàn yú féng guó zhāng zuò zhèn nán jīng， wéi hù shè huì zhì 'ān yòu gōng， biàn fā dòng jí zī wéi féng guó zhāng shù lì“ fēng bēi”； wèi jǐ， jiāng sū jūn jiè lián hé huì wén zhī， yì yuàn jiā rù fā qǐ， gǎi wéi jiàn lì féng gōng shēng cí， qǔ huá fú zhī“ huá” zì míng wéi“ huá yuán”， bìng nǐ zhù zào tóng xiàng。 shì wéi féng guó zhāng suǒ wén． tā“ kǒng wéi rén suǒ jī yì， lì jí zhì hán cí xiè”， wèi：“ huá yuán yī shì qiān wàn dǎ xiāo， rú bù néng zhōng duàn， qǐng jí gǎi wéi quàn gōng chǎng， yǐ lì mín shēng jīng jì。” bù jiǔ， jiāng jiàn huá yuán hé zhù xiàng zhī juān zī jiàn chéng pín mín gōng chǎng hé quàn gōng chǎng， cǐ shì yī shí chuán wéi měi tán， bìng wéi féng guó zhāng zēng tiān liǎo jǐ fēn guāng cǎi。 bù jǐn rú cǐ， féng guó zhāng gèng yǐ fǎn dì zhì yú niè miàn kǒng chū xiàn。 duàn qí ruì chū rèn guó wù zǒng lǐ hòu， jiāng gé yuán míng dān pài rén sòng dào nán jīng qǐng féng hé zhǔn， féng yī kàn míng dān shàng jìng yòu cáo rǔ lín， biàn duì shēn biān de rén shuō：“ zhè zhāng míng dān wǒ néng tóng yì má ? lián dì zhì yú niè yě yào dāng gé yuán liǎo， tài bù xiàng huà liǎo， zhī quán ( duàn qí ruì ) zhēn shì hú nào yā， wǒ zhǔn bèi bǎ tā tuì huí qù ??
　　 féng guó zhāng ， zì huá fǔ
　　1917 nián 2 yuè， féng guó zhāng fù jīng tiáojiě lí yuán hóng yǔ duàn qí ruì yīn duì dé duàn jiāo 'ér yǐn qǐ de“ fǔ yuàn zhī zhēng”。 féng dào jīng hòu， zhù zài jìn wèi jūn sī lìng bù， zhěng tiān máng yú jiē jiàn jūn zhèng gè jiè yào rén， fā biǎo gè rén duì shí jú de kàn fǎ，“ yù qiú duì wài yī zhì， bù kě bù xiān qiú nèi zhèng shuà xīn”， yī shí yíng dé gè jiè de hǎo gǎn。 tā hái zài zhōng guó dà xué yǐ“ jiào yù jiù guó” wéi tí yǎn jiǎng， huò dé liǎo shī shēng de huān yíng。 3 yuè， duàn qí ruì yīn bù mǎn guó huì hé lí yuán hóng de wài jiāo zhèng cè 'ér cí zhí fù jīn， féng guó zhāng shòu lí zhī tuō qīn zì fù jīn wǎn liú， bìng yǔ duàn lián mèi huí jīng。 féng jiàn duàn gāng bì zì yòng， mù zhōng wú rén， zuì hòu biǎo shì wú lì tiáojiě， huí nán jīng hòu， féng guó zhāng yù liào dào duàn qí ruì bì jiāng duì jǐ bù lì， yú shì jué dìng jí jù shí lì， yíng jī duàn qí ruì de zhǒng zhǒng tiǎo zhàn。 tā lián hé jiāng xī dū jūn lǐ chún、 hú běi dū jūn wáng zhàn yuán， jiàn lì liǎo“ cháng jiāng sān dū” shì lì， yòu jié lì lǒngluò gè shěng jūn fá hé yīng、 měi shì lì， cóng 'ér fú xià liǎo wèi lái de zhí wǎn zhī zhàn。 bù jiǔ， lí yuán hóng zài měi guó gōng shǐ“ yǔn wéi hòu dùn” de zhī chí xià， duàn rán xià lìng miǎn diào duàn qí ruì guó wù zǒng lǐ de zhí wù。 duàn fèn rán fù jīn， lì jí shān dòng“ dū jūn tuán” dǎo lí， yú shì wǎn xì gè shěng jūn fá zài duàn de zhǐ huī xià， fēn fēn dú lì， shǐ lí jìn tuì liǎng nán。 zhè shí， féng guó zhāng céng zhì diàn biǎo shì zhī chí lí yuán hóng， bìng jiàn yì yóu wáng shì zhēn chū lái zǔ gé。 yóu yú wáng shì zhēn shǒu shǔ liǎng duān， hài pà zhāo zhì zāi huò， yī shí méi gǎn dāyìng； duàn què chèn jī pài qí qīn xìn xú shù zhèng sǒng yǒng 'ān huī dū jūn zhāng xūn chū miàn tiáotíng， qiě 'àn shì shǐ qīng xùn dì pǔ yí fù bì， jiēguǒ lí shì shòu piàn， jiě sàn guó huì， yǐn chū liǎo yīcháng fù bì de chǒu jù。
　　1917 nián 7 yuè 1 rì， zhāng xūn zài běi jīng fù bì， lí yuán hóng bì rù rì běn gōng shǐ guǎn， zhì diàn nán jīng qǐng féng guó zhāng dài xíng zǒng tǒng zhí quán， wéi hù gòng hé。 féng guó zhāng yú 7 yuè 3 rì tōng diàn quán guó zhǐ chū：“ guó zhāng zài qián qīng shí dài， běn fēi zhù zhāng gé mìng zhī rén， …… guó zhāng jīn rì zhī bù zàn chéng fù bì， yì yóu qián zhī bù zhù zhāng gé mìng，…… bǐ ( zhǐ zhāng xūn ) shì jīng shī wéi yíng kū， xié yòu dì yǐ jū qí， shǒu wò zhù quán， kǒu hán tiān xiàn， míng qì yóu qí jiǎ jiè， dù zhī gōng qí xū méi， huà wén míng wéi yě mán， wěi fǎ lǜ yú cǎo mǎng， cǐ 'ér kě rěn， hé yǐ guó wéi !” dì 'èr tiān， féng guó zhāng zài jūn shǔ jiē jiàn yīng guó lǐng shì shí shuō：“ zhōng guó zhèng tǐ yǐ zǒu shàng liǎo gòng hé。 bù róng xǔ zài yòu huáng dì， wǒ kě yǐ gào sù nǐ men， wǒ gēn duàn zǒng lǐ dōushì zhàn zài fǎn duì dì wèi de。” fù bì mǐ píng， féng guó zhāng yú 14 rì zhì diàn“ fèng hái dà zǒng tǒng zhí quán， qǐng lí yuán hóng fù zhí”。 lí kuì yú jiě sàn guó huì， gù jué xīn qù zhí， zhì diàn féng guó zhāng shuō：“ cán hún suī huà， kū gǔ yóu shēng， mǐn zài hé jiān， diàn wǒ mín guó。” duàn qí ruì qǐ tú chéng jī shǐ qí qīn xìn ní sì chōng jiē tì féng guó zhāng jiāng sū dū jūn zhī zhí， yú shì dà shī diào hǔ lí shān zhī jì， 18 rì zhì diàn cù féng běi shàng jiù dà zǒng tǒng zhī zhí， bìng pài jìn yún péng wéi zhuān shǐ fù nán jīng yíng féng guó zhāng běi shàng。 jìn duì féng shuō：“ duàn cǐ cì zǔ gé biǎo shì bì kě tīng féng sì gē de huà， èr rén tóng xīn， qí lì duàn jīn !” féng shēn zhī duàn zhī yě xīn， bùwèi jìn yǔ suǒ mí huò， duàn rán jù jué duàn qí ruì de 'ān pái， bìng zhēn fēng xiāng duì dì tí chū lí níng tiáo jiàn： diào qí bù xià jiāng xī dū jūn lǐ chún wéi jiāng sū dū jūn， chén guāng yuǎn wéi jiāng xī dū jūn， dì shí wǔ、 dì shí liù shī wéi zǒng tǒng wèi duì。 jìn zhì diàn duàn qí ruì bào gào， duàn zé yǐ wú guāng xīn、 fù liáng zuǒ wéi cháng jiāng shàng yóu jǐng bèi zǒng sī lìng jiān sì chuān chá bàn shǐ hé hú nán dū jūn wéi jiāo huàn tiáo jiàn， dāyìng liǎo féng de yào qiú。 féng guó zhāng jiàn yú zì jǐ de shì lì zài cháng jiāng xià yóu dé yǐ gǒng gù， biàn yú 8 yuè 1 rì shuài dì shí liù shī dǐ dá běi jīng jiù zhí。
　　 féng guó zhāng jìn jīng hòu， xiān bài fǎng lí yuán hóng， zài cì lì yán quàn qí fù zhí； yòu pài nèi wù bù zǒng cháng tānɡ huà lóng wéi dà zǒng tǒng dài biǎo， jìn gōng dá xiè qīng tíng duì tā róng shēng dà zǒng tǒng de zhù hè。 suí hòu， tā biàn jiāng wáng shì zhēn、 duàn qí ruì qǐng jìn fǔ lái， xù“ běi yáng sān jié” zhī yǒu yì。 féng jí wéi qīnqiè dì shuō：“ zán men lǎo xiōng dì sān gè lián zhī yī tǐ， bù fēn zǒng tǒng、 zǒng lǐ、 zǒng cháng， zhǐ qiú hé lì bàn shì， cóng jīn 'ér hòu zài yě bù huì yòu shénme fǔ yuàn zhī zhēng liǎo。” féng bǎ“ fǔ yuàn yī tǐ， nèi wài yī xīn” de gāo diào hū dé shān xiǎng。 rán 'ér zhè jǐn shì biǎo miàn wén zhāng， féng guó zhāng jué bù shì dì 'èr gè lí yuán hóng。 tā shì yī gè yòu jūn duì、 yòu dì pán、 yòu shì lì、 yòu yě xīn de bù dī yú duàn qí ruì de shí quán rén wù， tā jué bù xiàng lí yuán hóng nà yàng gān xīn dāng“ huó dòng de gài yìn jī qì”。
　　 yīn cǐ， féng guó zhāng lái jīng jiù zhí dài dà zǒng tǒng， wú yí jiā shēn liǎo féng duàn zhī jiān de máo dùn， cù jìn liǎo běi yáng jí tuán de fēn liè。 duàn qí ruì gāng bì zì yòng， fēi cháng kàn bù qǐ féng guó zhāng 。 féng guó zhāng lái běi jīng qián xī， duàn qí ruì tīng dào féng yòng zhài quàn shōu mǎi shàng hǎi wài shāng cún tǔ ( yā piàn )， jiè zhì yào wéi míng， cóng zhōng móu lì de xiāo xī hòu， biàn duì shēn biān rén shuō：“ wǒ yǔ féng shì jiù yǒu liǎo， cǐ jūn yòu gè qián pǐ， gù suǒ shēn zhī。 dàn yǐ jīn rì huán jìng lùn， wǒ jué bù néng fǎn duì， yīn xiǎo shī dà， zhì shāng gǎn qíng。 qiě xì sū shěng guān shēn hé bàn， bǐ jì shì qián wèi zhēng qiú wǒ de yì jiàn， wǒ zhǐ hǎo zhuāng zuò lóng kuì。” duàn qí ruì xuān yáng sàn bù féng guó zhāng yòu“ qián pǐ”， bìng fēi wú duān gōng jī， féng guó zhāng zì bǎo dìng fā jì hòu， tōng guò gè zhǒng sōu guā shǒu duàn， yǐ lù xù jù liǎn liǎo dà liàng de cái fù， chéng wéi jūn fá、 dà dì zhù hé dà zī běn jiā sān wèi yī tǐ de diǎn xíng rén wù。 lì rú， tā zài yuán jí hé jiān hé fù chéng、 xīng jì děng dì yòu tǔ dì 3000 yú mǔ； zài jiāng sū yǔ zhāng jiǎn hé bàn yán kěn gōng sī。 gòu dì 7O wàn mǔ； zài shī jīng cūn、 tiān jīn、 běi jīng yòu fáng qiān yú jiān； zài zhí lì jiā shān、 zūn huà、 xīng lóng yòu 3 zuò jīn kuàng； zài nán jīng、 běi jīng、 tiān jīn yòu lO zuò qián zhuāng hé yín hào； bìng qiě zài zhōng huá huì yè yín xíng hé“ běi sì xíng” jūn yòu dà liàng gǔ piào hé cún kuǎn。 jìn guǎn rú cǐ， réng bù néng mǎn zú qí tān yù。 dāng tā zǒu jìn zǒng tǒng fǔ kàn dào sān hǎi huó bèng luàn tiào de yú qún shí， què yòu dòng liǎo xīn jì， zhèng hǎo yī gè xìng lǐ de bì rén duì qí mǎi hǎo， jìn yán shuō：“ sān hǎi zhī yú， zì míng qīng yǐ lái cóng wèi wǎng gǔ guò， rú guǒ dǎ chū mài gěi yú shāng kě zhí 10 wàn yú yuán。” lǐ mǒu jiàn féng yóu yù bù dìng， yòu shuō：“ chéng wén guī dìng， sān hǎi yú niǎo huā cǎo lì lái shì huáng dì zǒng tǒng sī chǎn。” yú shì， féng guó zhāng zhāo yú shāng bǔ zhī， yì jià 8 wàn yuán。 cóng cǐ， féng guó zhāng luò dé tān lán míng shēng， suǒ yǐ duàn qí ruì shì hěn miǎo shì tā de。
　　 duàn qí ruì shàng tái hòu， yǐ“ zài zào gòng hé” gōng chén zì mìng， dú lǎn jūn zhèng dà quán， jù jué huī fù《 lín shí yuē fǎ》 hé zhào kāi guó huì。 yú shì sūn zhōng shān yǐ wéi hù《 lín shí yuē fǎ》 wéi hào zhào， lián luò hǎi jūn zǒng cháng chéng bì guāng jí xī nán jūn fá yú 1917 nián 9 yuè zài guǎng zhōu jiàn lì liǎo yǔ běi jīng zhèng fǔ duì zhì de hù fǎ jūn zhèng fǔ。 duàn qí ruì miàn duì cǐ jú shì， lì jí jué dìng duì nán fāng shí xíng“ wǔ lì tǒng yī” de jūn shì tǎo fá。 9 yuè 18 rì líng líng zhèn shǒu shǐ liú jiàn fān hé zhù héng yáng xiāng jūn lǚ cháng lín xiū méi tōng diàn xuān bù hú nán“ zì zhù”。 10 yuè 6 rì， hù fǎ zhàn zhēng shǒu xiān zài hú nán bào fā。 zhèng dāng duàn qí ruì quán lì duì nán fāng yòng bīng zhī jì， dài dà zǒng tǒng féng guó zhāng què tí chū liǎo yǔ duàn qí ruì de“ wǔ lì tǒng yī” duì lì de“ hé píng tǒng yī” zhèng cè， jí bǎo chí xī nán gè shěng jūn fá gē jù xiàn zhuàng， yǐ huàn qǔ tā men duì běi jīng zhōng yāng zhèng quán de chéng rèn， bǎo chí zhōng guó míng yì shàng de tǒng yī。 féng wèile guàn chè tā de“ hé píng tǒng yī” zhèng cè， lì yòng tā zhí xì jūn fá shǒu lǐng de dì wèi， mì qiǎn qí xù chén zhī jì fù xiāng， yùn dòng wáng rǔ xián、 fàn guó zhāng lián míng tōng diàn zhù hé。 yú shì wáng、 fàn tōng diàn：“ kěn qǐng dà zǒng tǒng xià lìng zhēng qiú nán běi gè shěng yì jiàn xié yì zǔ zhì lì fǎ jī guān， yì jué gēn běn dà fǎ， yǐ chuí yǒng jiǔ 'ér jué fēn zhēng……。” 10 yuè 20 rì féng yòu zhǐ shǐ“ cháng jiāng sān dū” lián míng tí chū tíng zhǐ hú nán zhàn zhēng， chè huí hú nán dū jūn fù liáng zuǒ， gǎi shàn nèi gé hé diào zhěng ní sì chōng 'ān wǔ jūn zhù fáng sì xiàng zhù zhāng。 duàn duì nán fāng zhàn zhēng chè dǐ shī bài。 12 yuè 25 rì， féng guó zhāng fā bù“ mǐ zhàn bù gào”， yào qiú nán běi liǎng jūn“ yú jūn shì shàng xiān dé gè fāng zhī jié shù， yú zhèng zhì shàng nǎi xú tú tǒng yī zhī jìn xíng。” féng guó zhāng de“ hé píng tǒng yī” zhèng cè zàn shí zhàn liǎo shàng fēng。
　　 míng zhēng 'àn dǒu bù dí duàn qí ruì
　　 duàn qí ruì suī rán yī dù xià yě， dàn wǎn xì shí lì réng cún wú sǔn。 yīn cǐ duàn xià tái hòu， jié jìn quán lì pò huài féng de“ hé píng tǒng yī” zhèng cè。 shǒu xiān lā lǒng zhí xì nèi bù zhù zhàn pài shǒu lǐng zhí lì dū jūn cáo kūn yú 12 yuè zhào kāi“ tiān jīn huì yì”， shān dòng jì xù duì nán fāng yòng bīng； tóng shí， duàn hái zhǐ shì xú shù zhèng gòu jié fèng xì jūn fá zhāng zuò lín pài bīng rù guān， yǐ wēi xié féng guó zhāng 。 féng suī yòu shí wǔ shī、 shí liù shī， què réng gǎn lì liàng dān bó， ér fū yǎn xī nán de“ hé píng tǒng yī” zhèng cè yīn jìn xíng huǎn màn 'ér wú xiào guǒ， zhì shǐ hù fǎ zhàn zhēng yú 1918 nián 1 yuè zhōng xún chóngxīn jiāo huǒ。 duàn qí ruì de yīn móu dé chěng， féng zài běi jīng xiàn yú gū lì。
　　1 yuè 26 rì féng jiè chū jīng“ xún shì” wéi míng， shuài lǐng 1000 yú míng wèi duì， zhǔn bèi fù nán jīng yǔ lǐ chún děng rén shāng tǎo fǎn duàn dà jì。 dāng féng de zhuān chē dǐ dá tiān jīn shí， cáo kūn shuài zhí lì jūn zhèng dà yuán zài chē zhàn huān yíng。 féng yīháng rén zài tiān jīn cáo jiā huā yuán xiǎo zhù yī yè。 cáo kūn xiàng féng biǎo shì：“ wú lùn hé zhàn， wú bèi jiān jué fú cóng mìng lìng。” dì 'èr tiān， féng guó zhāng jì xù chéng zhuān chē nán xià， 27 rì xià wǔ dǐ dá Jǐnán， shān dōng dū jūn zhāng huái zhī dēng chē jìn yè zǒng tǒng， bìng tóng chē fù bèngbù。 cǐ shí duàn qí ruì jí diàn ní sì chōng zǔ zhǐ féng qián wǎng nán jīng。
　　28 rì shàng wǔ féng guó zhāng zhuān chē dǐ dá bèngbù， ní sì chōng shuài qīn xìn shí yú rén dào zhàn yíng jiē， jiàn dào féng pī tóu dì yī jù jiù shuō：“ zài tiān jīn xiǎo zhàn shí， zán hái shì gè wén guān， rú jīn jū rán yě lǐng bīng liǎo， zán men duō shí xiāng hǎo， rú jīn nǐ shì dà zǒng tǒng， wǒ hái shì gè dū jūn， tiān chā dì yuǎn， wǒ kàn zhè dū jūn jìn jiàn dà zǒng tǒng de dà lǐ jiù miǎn liǎo bā！” xià chē hòu dào liǎo ní sì chōng shǔ fǔ， féng guó zhāng yě bù gān shì ruò， gāng zuò dìng， jiù duì ní sì chōng shuō：“ dū jūn bù tīng zhōng yāng de mìng lìng bù bì shuō， jiù shì yī gè shī cháng、 lǚ cháng， suǒ xiǎng suǒ xiè bǐ shénme réndōu xiōng， yī diǎn diǎn bù rú yì jiù tōng diàn fǎn duì zhōng yāng， qǐng lǎo dì dài wǒ xiǎng xiǎng， zhè yàng de zǒng tǒng zuòde xià qù má ?” ní sì chōng yīn shì qián jiē dào duàn qí ruì mì diàn mìng lìng tā zǔ zhǐ féng guó zhāng fù nán jīng， suǒ yǐ duì féng de tài dù jí wéi 'è liè， tā jìng rán zhǐ zhe féng guó zhāng shuō：“ shì zhàn shì hé， nǐ shì dāng zǒng tǒng de， zǒng tǒng xiān yòu gè zhù yì， jiū jìng nǐ de zhù yì hé zài ? nǐ wéi hé bù míng bái shuō chū lái！ nǐ hé duàn zǒng lǐ yǐ shì shù shí nián de lǎo péng yǒu liǎo。
　　 kě shì， xiàn zài nǐ zhǐ gù zì jǐ de zǒng tǒng dì wèi， ér bù gù zǒng lǐ de miàn zǐ， cǐ zhǒng jǔ dòng zhēn lìng wú bèi hán xīn。” bù dài féng jiǎng huà， ní yòu lián zhū pào bān dì fā xiè nèi xīn de bù mǎn：“ bù zhī zǒng tǒng shì fǒu hái jì dé dāng nián zài tiān jīn wǔ bèi xué táng dāng xué shēng shí hòu， xiào cháng bù shì wǒ men 'ān huī de lǐ wén zhōng ( lǐ hóng zhāng ) má。 rú jīn 'ān huī rén zhēn dǎo méi liǎo， dāng nián luǎn yì chū lái de xué shēng yī gè gèdōu wàng liǎo běn， tóng zán men dǎo qǐ dàn lái， zhè hái liǎo dé má！” shuō dào cǐ tā jìng rán pāi 'àn dà kū qǐ lái， shuō shí me：“ zǒng tǒng， xiàn zài guó jiā yǐ jīng wēi xiǎn wàn fēn， wǒ men běi yáng pài yě dào liǎo wàn fēn wēi xiǎn de shí hòu， nǐ kàn nán fāng de shì lì zhè yàng 'áo zhāng， hái yòu xiǎo rén zài zǒng tǒng gēn qián tiǎo bō， shuō nǐ shì zhí pài， shuō duàn zǒng lǐ shì wǎn pài， shuō nǐ liǎ nào yì jiàn， xiàn zài yòu zào yáo yán shuō zhí wǎn liǎng pài yào fēn。 ruò zhēn de fēn liǎo， wǒ men zì xiāng shuǐ huǒ， nà běi yáng pài jiù wán liǎo。” ní de yī xí huà jìng shǐ féng guó zhāng yě liú xià liǎo yǎn lèi， gēn suí féng guó zhāng de tián wén liè jiàn cǐ qíng xíng， biàn shuō：“ zǒng tǒng yuán lái shì yǔ ní dū jūn、 zhāng dū jūn zhū jūn shāng yì tǎo fá xī nán zhī shì ní， jì rán zhè yàng， dài zǒng tǒng huí qù jí xià tǎo fá lìng hǎo liǎo。” féng guó zhāng yù fù nán jīng， ní dāng jí shuō：“ nǐ ruò huí běi jīng， wǒ kě yǐ fàng xíng， ruò qù nán jīng， wǒ biàn kòu liú nǐ zài cǐ。” féng guó zhāng bù dé yǐ， zhǐ dé zhé huí běi jīng。
　　 féng guó zhāng huí dào běi jīng hòu， yú 1 yuè 30 rì xià tǎo fá lìng， pài cáo kūn、 zhāng huái zhī、 zhāng jìng yáo shuài jūn jìn fàn hú nán， bìng yú 2 yuè shàng xún xià“ zuì jǐ bù gào” shuō，“ shàng nián hú nán shì qǐ， gé yì zhù zhāng yòng bīng， guó zhāng…… jì yǐ wǔ zhuāng cù jìn hé píng， ér wèi cháng yǐ lì zhēng shì yú yòu zhòng。…… cháng shā xiàn luò， dà sǔn guó wēi…… zhèng yí shēn míng jì lǜ， jī lì róng xíng…… guó zhāng bù shěn fù liáng zuǒ děng zhī zào shuài 'ér rèn yòng zhī， shì wú zhī rén zhī míng yě； pàn jūn xìng shèng， fǎn yì mǐ bīng， guó zhāng qīng xǔ zhī， shì wú liào shì zhī zhì yě。 guó zhāng jí dāng fǎn wǒ chū fú， yǐ xiè guó rén。……” féng guó zhāng xiào fǎ zhuān zhì jūn wáng yòng“ zuì jǐ zhào” de xíng shì huǎn hé yǔ duàn qí ruì yī pài de jǐn zhāng guān xì， jìn lì xiàng duàn biǎo shì ràng bù， yǐ píng xī wǎn xì jūn fá zhèng kè men de yuàn qì。 3 yuè 23 rì fù rèn duàn qí ruì wèiguó wù zǒng lǐ。
　　 duàn qí ruì de“ wǔ lì tǒng yī” yòu zhàn liǎo shàng fēng． dàn féng guó zhāng bìng bù gān xīn“ hé píng tǒng yī” zhèng cè de shī bài， tā mì diàn cáo kūn shuài bīng nán xià“ shì kě 'ér zhǐ”， bù bì guò yú shēn rù wèitā rén xiào lì，“ yǐ huī fù xiāng shěng wéi zhǐ”。 cáo jiē diàn hòu， xīn lǐng shén huì， huí diàn shuō：“ jué bù lìng zhù zuò wéi nán。 jìn qǐng fàng huái！” wú pèi fú shuài zhí jūn gōng zhàn cháng shā hòu， duàn diàn wú“ zhí dǎo liǎng guǎng”， wú jiè kǒu xiǎng xiè gōng yìng bù jí， gù yì 'àn bīng bù dòng。 duàn wèile zǎo rì wán chéng tā de“ wǔ lì tǒng yī”， biàn jí lì lǒngluò cáo kūn、 wú pèi fú。 dāng duàn zhǔn bèi shēng rèn cáo kūn wéi liǎng hú xún yuè shǐ jiān hú běi dū jūn de xiāo xī chuán chū hòu， féng guó zhāng jí máng zhì diàn cáo kūn：“ jiǔ róng yú wài， zhí lì gēn běn zhī dì， wèi miǎn kōng xū， cháng yòu shū yú， biàn wú tuì bù。” yú shì zhí jūn zhàn lǐng héng yáng hòu， cáo kūn lì cí liǎng hú xún yuè shǐ， lì jí huí dào tiān jīn， wú pèi fú yì tún bīng bù qián， bìng yǔ hù fǎ jūn huàjiè tíng zhàn， zhì shǐ duàn de“ wǔ lì tǒng yī” dào cǐ wéi zhǐ。
　　 duàn qí ruì qǐ tú zài yǐ míng wèi yǐn yòu cáo、 wú jì xù wéi qí mài lì， shǐ shòu cáo kūn wéi chuān yuè xiāng gàn sì shěng jīng lüè shǐ， shòu wú pèi fú wéi“ fú wēi jiāng jūn”。 wèi jǐ， duàn qí ruì yòu“ mì yǐ fù zǒng tǒng xǔ cáo”。 bìng qiě qīn wǎng hú běi kào shī。 féng guó zhāng cǐ shí kǒng pà cáo kūn zài cì shòu piàn， biàn pài lù jiàn zhāng fù tiān jīn shuō fú cáo kūn， fàng qì nán zhēng， huí dào zhí xì yǔ lǐ chún děng rén hé zuò bǎ jú miàn zhuànxiàng hé píng。 jiēguǒ lù jiàn zhāng zài tiān jīn bèi duàn de dì yī qīn xìn xú shù zhèng yòu shā。 duàn qí ruì shēn zhī zǔ 'ài“ wǔ lì tǒng yī” de zhù yào zhàng 'ài shì féng guó zhāng ， yú shì biàn zhǐ shǐ qīn xìn wáng yī táng wéi shǒu de“ ān fú jù lè bù” shōu mǎi zhèng kè， cāo zòng guó huì xuǎn jǔ， bǎ féng gǎn xià tái qù。 ān fú xì chéng féng guó zhāng jì lí yuán hóng zǒng tǒng rèn qī yǐ mǎn， àn zhào shì qián duàn qí ruì de bù shǔ xuǎn jǔ xú shì chāng wéi xīn zǒng tǒng， féng zhǐ dé bǎ zǒng tǒng de“ bǎo zuò” ràng liǎo chū lái。 bù jiǔ， féng lí jīng huí dào gù lǐ hé jiān。
　　 xú shì chāng shàng tái hòu， qǐ tú tiáojiě zhí、 wǎn liǎng xì máo dùn， wèile qǔ yuè féng guó zhāng ， biàn pī zhǔn xià tái de féng guó zhāng réng yòu jié zhì dì shí wǔ、 shí liù shī de quán lì。 bù jiǔ， yòu pài shī jǐng yún fù hé jiān yíng qǐng féng jìn jīng， yǐ shū tōng féng、 duàn gǎn qíng。 yóu yú féng guó zhāng jiàn yú lù jiàn zhāng bèi móu shā de jiào xùn， chí chí bù gǎn dēng chéng， zhí dào jìn yún péng zǔ gé， shāo yòu liǎo 'ān quán bǎo zhàng， tā cái yú 1919 nián l0 yuè jīng tiān jīn dǐ dá běi jīng。 féng guó zhāng cǐ cì jìn jīng suī rán shì dǎzháo tiáohé zhí、 wǎn liǎng xì fēn liè de qí hào 'ér lái， dàn shí jì shàng， tā yǐ rán xiǎng tōng guò tā de wò xuán cù jìn zhí xì nèi bù tuán jié， yǐ duì kàng wǎn xì， bìng sì jī dōng shān zài qǐ。 cǐ wài， tā jìn jīng de lìng yī rèn wù， zé shì qǐ tú bǎ lù jūn bù yú 1919 nián 6 yuè cái chè de dì shí wǔ、 shí liù shī de liáng xiǎng jú duó huí lái， yǐ bǎo qí wài kuài cái yuán bù zhì zhōng duàn。 rán 'ér yī qiēdōu wèi néng rú yuàn， jí yú 12 yuè 28 rì tū rán bìng shì， shí nián 62 suì。（ zhù： zī liào lái zì wǎng luò）
　　 zǐ sūn hòu dài
　　 mín guó dài zǒng tǒng féng guó zhāng nǎi hé běi hé jiān xiàn shī jīng cūn rén， 1910 nián， féng guó zhāng wéi《 féng shì jiā pǔ》 chóngxiū zuò liǎo xù yán， bìng guī dìng jīn hòu féng shì jiā tíng
　　 yǐ“ guó jiā hǎi jìn kāi， dōng fāng dà shì qǐ” shí zì wéi pái bèi cì xù。
　　 féng guó zhāng zuò wéi qǐ shǒu de“ guó” zì bèi。
　　 tā de wǔ gè 'ér zǐ wéi“ jiā” zì bèi， fēn bié qǔ míng wèijiā suì、 jiā dí、 jiā yù、 jiā mài、 jiā zhōu。
　　 ér sūn bèi cóng“ hǎi” zì bèi， yòu hǎi dài、 hǎi shèng、 hǎi yán、 hǎi gǎng、 hǎi dǎo děng。
　　 zēngsūn bèi běn yě gāi cóng“ jìn” zì， dàn yīn zhèng zhì qì hòu hé shè huì huán jìng suǒ pò， zhǐ néng wéi nì zǔ shàng de yí xùn， yǐ shì yǔ“ fǎn dòng jiā tíng jué liè”。 suǒ yǐ dào féng gǒng zhè yī bèi hái zǐ jiù bù zài yǐ“ jìn” zì pái bèi liǎo。
　　 ér dào liǎo féng gǒng de xià yī dài， zé yòu jiē zhe“ kāi” zì de shùn xù qǔ míng， féng gǒng de 'ér zǐ jiù jiào zuò“ féng kāi chéng”。
　　 yīnggāi shuō， zǎo nián shēn wéi qīng tíng dà chén de féng guó zhāng néng wéi qí zú rén hòu dài dìng chū“ guó jiā hǎi jìn kāi， dōng fāng dà shì qǐ” zhè shí gè zì， kě yǐ chēng dé shàng shì hěn yòu zhèng zhì yuǎn jiàn de， shì jī jí jìn bù de。
　　 féng guó zhāng yī shēng yóu yī jiè shū shēng 'ér rù wǔ lín， dú wén shǐ hòu zài xí jūn shì。 zài tā suǒ chù nà gè shí dài， jīng lì liǎo shù cì zhàn zhēng， qí zhōng qīn zì cānyù de jiù yòu zhōng rì jiá wǔ zhàn zhēng hé bā guó lián jūn rù qīn jìn jīng děng zhàn shì； zhōng guó zuò wéi zhàn bài guó， fù chū liǎo gē dì péi kuǎn、 qiān dìng sàng quán rǔ guó tiáo yuē de chén zhòng dài jià。 zuò wéi yī gè yòu zhe yuǎn dà bào fù de zhōng guó yī dài zhī shí fènzǐ， huò shì shēn wéi yī míng yòu qiáng liè mín zú zì zūn xīn de jūn shì jiànglǐng， féng guó zhāng céng yǐ qí shēn kè de sī kǎo hé mǐn ruì de jiàn jiě， lǚ lǚ xiàng shàng sī hé qīng tíng jìn yán， bìng qiě yī zhí shēn tǐ lì xíng dì wéi“ guó jiā hǎi jìn kāi， dōng fāng dà shì qǐ” zhè yī hóng yuàn 'ér jìn xīn jìn lì。
　　 féng guó zhāng dāng shí yǐ shēnqiè dì gǎn zhī， yī gè zì xǔ wéi yāng yāng dà guó de guó jiā， yóu yú shù bǎi nián lái bì guān suǒ guó， yè láng zì dà， guó lì zǎo yǐ shuāi bài bù kān， yuǎn yuǎn luò hòu yú xī fāng liè qiáng yī dà jié liǎo。 tā liǎng cì dōng dù fú sāng， cóng nà gè zì míng zhì wéi xīn yǐ lái biàn dé qiáng hàn qǐ lái de guó dù zhōng， fā xiàn liǎo yī tiáo zhōng guó fù qiáng chāng shèng， zài shù xióng zī de kě xíng zhī lù， nà jiù shì dǎ pò hǎi jìn， yǐn jìn wài guó de xiān jìn sī xiǎng hé kē xué jì shù， ràng guó rén chóngxīn rèn shí zì wǒ， rèn shí shì jiè。
　　 dàn qí shí qí shì， zhè wèi hàn zú de qīng tíng zhòng chén yě yòu yǔ dāng nián lǐ hóng zhāng xiāng sì de yōu lǜ hé gù jì， yǎn kàn zhe jīng chéng lǐ nà gè míng wán bù huà de mǎn qīng cháo tíng， hái yòu zǎo yǐ fǔ bài bù kān de gè jí yá mén dì fāng guān lì， luò hòu de nóng sāng gēng zuò zhì hé yū dǔ bù yáng de mào yì shāng yè， hái yòu jīhū kòngbái de xiàn dài gōng yè ⋯⋯ zhè fù jī zhòng nán fǎn de làn tān zǐ， jiù jué dìng liǎo zhēn zhèng yào zài dōng fāng zhè kuài gǔ lǎo de tǔ dì shàng xíng chéng“ dà shì qǐ” de qiáng shèng zhī shì， fēi yīzhāo yī dài rén suǒ néng bàn dào de。 yīn cǐ， féng guó zhāng bǎ xī wàng fàng zài liǎo 'ér sūn bèi shēn shàng。

　　Feng Guozhang Tianjin Feng Guozhang old home, her grandfather von Pizhen, well-off, there are 300 acres of land for the village one of four big. His father Fengchun Tang, get the job because of examination, mental disorders, because of being a natural disaster, consist in the gradual drop off. Feng Guozhang a cell brothers four, his line of four. Boss Fengpei Zhang, annual operating troupe, run around some other place; second child Fengyun Zhang, his childhood reading, was elected bagong; youngest Zhang Feng Hu, Wen-xiang Health.
　　1884, 25-year-old Feng Guozhang come alone to Dagu Huai direct word camp, the camp through the introduction of any instrument Zushu, enlisted in the army. By Feng certain education level, often to help soldiers write letters from home or to help kitchen bookkeeping, popular with good command of the battalion has achieved the trust of Liu Qi. The next year, after the sponsor Liu, Feng Guozhang into Tianjin Military Academy, learning Infantry Division. Zhili Governor and the school is to train the Northern Minister Li Huai Army in the lower level military personnel founded in 1885. German military instructors are employed, the art of war established curriculum, geography, military devices, batteries, algorithms, mapping, and exercise habits artillery, infantry teams, horses, work teams and division and tactical deployment, and also by the history of science. Feng Guozhang the first phase of the school students. In the study, he had returned to his country to participate in examinations, then the amount of ad hoc mathematical epiphytes, because He is good at math, exams and scholar. Military Academy and returned to Tianjin to study the military. Feng Guozhang study hard, master guns formation, to familiarize themselves with camp operations, subjects with outstanding results have been overall running of the school and German instructors Yinchang appreciated. 1890 graduate, was taught there.
　　Yuan dynasty, and betrayed participation "Reform Movement" of the reformers, won Nala Shi specially trusted. March 1899, the new army was renamed "Bue Youjun." Soon, Yuan led his army to go to Shandong, sent by the acting governor of Shandong, suppression of the Boxer movement. Feng Guozhang gymnastics camp to the Governor General's Office Department the identity of the 10,000 people of Shandong Yong Bue Youjun business gradually adapted to the vanguard, and once Lvdui Zhili and Shandong in the Texas border area, dogged Boxer. Intervention in 1900, Feng Guozhang suppression of the Boxer movement of "power", Paul played by Yuan Shikai, was promoted to fill with the prefect. Soon was transferred to the competent Bue Youjun Jinan and Shandong province Governor military exercise matters.
　　1906, Feng Guozhang Acting is Huangqihai Mongolia Dutong commanders, army aristocrat school part-time General Office. The school is mainly for training Qing Manchuria and Mongolia established senior military personnel, whose members are Wanggong Shi Jue, the imperial family for more than four items and the current civil and military high officials of the second or more children Manchu. The school is also attached to the kings and workshops, experts called in a fixed time they listen to Prince von lectures. Feng Guozhang advantage of this opportunity to get to know a lot of Mongolian nobles, and won the confidence of the Qing Dynasty. Thus, in 1907 Marshall became the Department of Military Advisory Feng Guozhang l Department is making. 1908 has been promoted to Minister of Qingxiling lianggezhuang duty.
　　Feng Guozhang in his troops south road, the only Yuan's secret order is to listen to and ignore the command of Yin Chang. When Feng Guozhang his troops through Akinori, the alone to the village of Huan Yuan referrals to the appropriate machine, Feng Yuan instructed "Take it, wait and see" Six Words tips, and Feng said: "The preparation for weeks of non-properly, a foolproof, broken difficult to attack Governor teacher. "Qing government forced, only please Yuan out of the mountains. Yuan got the upper hand, immediately petitioned by the first Junjun Yin-Chang Feng Guozhang replacement system functions. Yuan Feng Guozhang that in accordance with the instructions of their plans, well prepared attack. When the Qing government was forced to grant full political and military after the Yuan, Yuan Feng Guozhang was ordered to attack the New Army uprising in Hankou and Hanyang. Li Chun Feng Department will then command, Zhan-yuan and Chen Guangyuan, commanding the Northern Army turns Sankyo onslaught. Northern New Army uprising in the face of fierce military offensive, split up, hiding in the street on both sides of the building Hankow Northern Army sniper attack. Feng Guozhang see New Army uprising desperate resistance, difficult to drive straight, we decided to set fire to shops and houses along the street, so the rebels can not take shelter. November 1, Feng ordered the soldiers set fire by wind, fire from north to south, from east to west, Hankou became a sea of fire the whole time, not three days and nights out, so that inside the radius of 30 to become a bustling commercial port tilting scorched earth, incalculable loss of business people. After the fall of Hankow, 27 November Feng Guozhang they command the Northern Army captured Hanyang. This battle, the Qing Feng Guozhang labeled second Baron. While crossing the Yangtze River can be a drum, Wuchang readily available when the revolutionary forces to use force Yuan Qing emperor to abdicate power, secret order Feng Guozhang "inaction." Feng Yuan's intention moment intangible, and Yuan doubt, then the Trustee to the Empress Dowager in person to Beijing Qi Zou, Xiang Yin 4 million allocated to the two requests can be alone put down "rebellion." Queen Mother said, four million two Xiangyin find it difficult to plan, but you can dial made 3 months Xiang Yin, and ready when called in Feng Guozhang Powerbut. Unexpectedly, the first to step met Empress Yuan, Feng Guozhang's wishful thinking to become a bubble, even almost to be Yuan kill. Soon Tuan quickly arrive at Hankou, replacing Feng Guozhang Northern Army command posts.
　　September 1912, Feng Guozhang as the military governor of Zhili Province and District long. 1914 was promoted to Army General. Become Yuan's right hand man.
　　July 1913, "Second Revolution" broke out. 15, in Nanjing that anti-Yuan Huang Xing. 23, Feng Guozhang was appointed to JAC Xuanfu to lead his troops from the Jin Pulu south, and soon captured the Su County, Bengbu and Chu county throughout, August 6 direct Pukou. 16, his son, to participate in the struggle against Yuan Chen of Nanjing, the 8th Division of the Ji, the rate a small number of guards had Jiang Xiangyue father secretly surrendered. Chen will be in Nanjing and the fortification of a rudderless confusion a detailed layout of the Feng Guozhang report. Feng Guozhang glowing terms, of the Chen Ji said: "you is all very important, when I Huijun cross the river now flashing Liyingwaige, capture of Nanjing, to establish a deal in you." Subsequently, Zhang Xun Feng Guozhang join the navy braided soldiers and Liu Guanxiong the deployment of a joint operational plan captured Nanjing. He Haiming rate of anti-Yuan of Nanjing Military engage in fierce battle with the Northern army for half a month. September 2, Feng Guozhang command to blow up the Northern Army entered the city walls. After the Northern Army entered the city like the beast, reckless burning and prostitution sweep, Nanjing bereaved by merchants, countless, many women were raped after the vote Qinhuai himself. Zhang Xun particularly braided military brutality. Feng Guozhang capture of Nanking by the "power", was awarded first-Yuan Zhang Wen-Hu. The fall of Nanjing, "Second Revolution" failed. Yuan aware of the strategic position of Nanjing, coiling his control of the South is essential, so he had intended to appoint trusted generals after the capture of Nanjing in Jiangsu Feng Guozhang military governor, but things do not happen to, because Feng Guozhang the eve of the capture of Nanjing, promised Zhang Xun's "first strike into the city by the military governor" of the agreement, Zhang Xun heavy casualties at the military braid, taken the lead by scoring in Nanjing, Zhang Xun Feng Guozhang only give protection for the military governor of Jiangsu. September 10, the military governor of Zhili Feng Guozhang north successor. Zhang Xun, however, no military side, eventually leads to the "Nanjing representations case." Japan, Britain and the United States envoy to Zhang Xun in Nanjing, the lives and property of its nationals are not completely guarantee the grounds, to put pressure on Yuan. Yuan Shikai was appointed on December 16 Feng Guozhang as the military governor of Jiangsu.
　　Yuan's climb up the official president of the throne, not enough for you quickly, they had to do the emperor's ambitions. When father and son in Beijing, Yuan Feng Guozhang learned the news of monarchy planning, it is amazing. Consult with the Chow decided to Beijing insider, so in June 1915 went to Beijing Ye Yuan. Feng Q: "I have heard that outside the imperial president to change the legend, I do not know do not?" Yuan replied: "Hua Fu, you are all my own side, my mind might tell you, the Lord of history, to create, in all but 50, I was nearly 60 years of age, and hair on the temples to make white, energy is not as ever. Generally people want to do the emperor must have a good son, Kesheng foundation, I set foot wrong with his eldest son grams, is useless lame, just want to be a second son of Croatian culture celebrities, 34 children were Dandyism, but good for nothing. If I do the emperor, which is my successor? will only Zhaohuo, not good. "What is said He has bought a house in London, if the people force him to do the emperor, when he went to England in exile. Yuan Feng see so pledged, also believed it was. Yuan, however legitimate, "Zhitianshiri, to argue its nothing," while his trusted aides about it is actively preparing for the monarchy. Feng returned to Nanjing, Beijing, "Planning for Peace" that the public advocate to restore the monarchy, Feng Guozhang dare not believe they can not believe all, only to close call against the monarchy of the Office of the President to the Secretary Zhang grinding confidential inquiry soon be " sake of something "response. Feng Guozhang feel cheated, then angry and said: "When our own people what he does? His acting indeed a not bad!" Since then, Yuan Feng Guozhang and gradually intensified the conflict.
　　Yuan Feng Guozhang very assured on, they adopted a strict preventive measures. First, placement in Feng Guozhang Wang Ziming and others around them to monitor their actions; it is said Zhang Xun Yuan had received a telegram saying that Feng Guozhang is unreliable, Nursing and nearby monitor. Moreover, Shanghai commanders in Zhengru Cheng Yuan loyalists after the assassination, he again sent his trusted Yangshan De Yuan rate of the fourth division relocation, Shanghai surveillance Feng Guozhang. Soon after, then deployed in Wu Song Lu Yongxiang rate of the 10th Division, and to prepare for Feng Guozhang. Feng Guozhang Seeing this situation, see Yuan no longer believe in themselves, from the relationship with the Yuan gradually estranged father and son, would never hard for the Yuan. Soon, his son instructions Yuan Jiangsu Xunan Shi Qi Yaolin elected representatives, was held to vote to change the state system. Qi designated representatives, von suggesting inappropriate military governor on behalf of all staff, not to participate in elections. The holding of voting day, Feng Guozhang not plead illness; Qi Quan Qing person to the Department, he reluctantly arrived at the scene, but it has sat there, silent. December 18, Yuan Feng Guozhang appointed as chief of staff, urging urgent telegram to Beijing office. Feng is the excuse ill refuse to Beijing, and Jiangsu mobilized military and civilian power, please, "retain" such as military governor Li Chun Feng also made claims to stay. Yuan no way, only allow him to Nanjing "remote collar." However, the Yuan is still not assured, side to send Ruanzhong Shu, Yin Chang, who continue to urge Mr Fu Ning Ning from north side of power that Yangshan De, Lu Yongxiang, Ni Si reconstituted military control of the Yangtze River. December 25, Cai Yunnan and other declared independence, organization National Protection Army, crusade against Yuan Shikai. Feng Guozhang view of the national anti-Yuan Movement. Ill no longer installed. March 9, 1916 by calling Yuan returned from leave, release from the courage to openly oppose the monarchy, became "against the rule as the Hongxian the Northern faction of the First Emperor of the central figure."
　　Feng Guozhang a close call for Chen Yuan Diego, please, "Do not light open war" on the one hand by Liang, Hu E, and others public and Southwest Yunnan and Guangxi warlords Tang Jiyao, Lu Rongting messenger contacts to promote independence and Lu Rongting attack southwest of Guangzhou, driven by his best buddies Long Yuan economy of light; the same time, persuade the Northern Army and the National Protection Army Sichuan truce and ordered Sichuan, Hunan, General Chen Huan, Tang Xiang Ming Yuan powered refuse orders. When Yuan Shikai sent to Sichuan, Cao Kun rate of the Northern Army and National Protection Army energize the day, Liang sent to Nanjing, please help Cai Feng Guozhang maintenance republic against the monarchy. Feng Guozhang right to make, said: "I am He (Yuan) hand-picked people up, but fairly confidant, my cable is a major blow to him. Between us, can not be denied there is a good friend, the flu. On the personal relationships that I should support him, and on the national plan, they must not do this, do not necessarily be beneficial to people when an attack is more strongly affected by disaster. So, I have considered the results of total power generation must persuade Yuan abdicated. "So, Mr Secretary, to be called a good two power, an electroluminescent Yuan, persuaded to abdicate; an electricity sub-cause of Hubei, Jiangxi and southwestern provinces, said he opposed Hongxian attitude.
　　Not only that, Feng also took the initiative to contact the Jiangxi Li Chun, Zhejiang Zhu Rui, Hunan, Tang Xiang Ming, Shandong Jin Yunpeng other generals jointly issued a telegram to the provincial general seek to pack the current situation of the opinion, said "five general secret power", the message content requirements of the South who : (a) abolish the independent, (b) out of the theater, (c) protect the field people. Asked the North by: (-) abolished the monarchy, (b) punish the culprit monarchy, (c) Please head of state to resign in order to spy the people means the country. See "Five secret General Electric" is a Feng Guozhang attempt to "neutral" in the name of provincial chief, General, called non-independent provinces and autonomous regions to form a third force, in order to joint the National Protection Army, War in a trick.
　　The restoration of monarchy provoked Yuan of the National People's immense anger, leading to protect the country and the outbreak of war, internal fragmentation Northern warlord Yuan Shikai on June 6, 1916 at the sound of the National People's condemnation, fear of death. In this process, Feng Guozhang played a certain role.
　　Yuan Shikai's death, Li Yuan-hung as president. October 1916 Feng Guozhang was elected Vice-President, announced the inauguration in November in Nanjing, Jiangsu is still and military governor. Feng Guozhang after taking office, Vice President, Vice-President will establish offices in Nanjing, and open attitude to the Head of State met with reporters to talk about law, and claim construction should be gradually carried out in China, against the KMT's radical approach, a time quite active politically . Early in 1917, Jiangsu Nanjing merchants sits in view of Feng Guozhang, maintaining social order is meritorious, it launched fund-raising for the Feng Guozhang erect "monuments"; soon after, Jiangsu Association heard about the military also would like to join the launch, to establish Fenggong Sheng Temple, take China character of the "Chinese" character named "Wah" and intended to cast the statue. Thing for Feng Guozhang heard. He was "ridiculed by the fear of man proposed, immediately wrote to politely refuse", said: "Do Wah Yuen dispel the issue, if not interrupted, please to persuade factories to benefit of the economy." Soon, will be built and cast as the donor Wah Yuen built factories and urged the poor factory, this short time has visited one another, and Feng Guozhang added some luster. Not only that, Feng Guozhang more to face the remnants of the anti-imperialist system there. Duan Qirui as Prime Minister after the cabinet members to deliver the list of approved Nanjing please Feng, Feng Cao Rulin in the midst of a watch list, then the people around him, said: "This list I can agree? With imperial remnants have When the cabinet members, and too Xianghua, and Chi Quan (Duan Qirui) is really nonsense Yeah, I'm going to put it back to??
　　Feng Guozhang, word Hua Fu
　　February 1917, Feng Guozhang Beijing to mediate Duan Li and broke off diplomatic relations with Germany caused by the "Disputes of Government." Feng to Beijing after living in the Guards headquarters, meeting with military and political dignitaries are busy all day to give my views on the current situation, "desire line outside, can not be refreshed without first seeking internal affairs", a time to win the goodwill of all walks of life. He also Chinese university "Education Saves the Nation" speech for the title, won the teachers and students. March, Duan Qi-rui Li due to dissatisfaction with the foreign policy of Congress and resigned to go to Tianjin, Li Feng Guozhang in trust by the person to go to Tianjin to retain, and close ranks with the segment returned to Beijing. Feng see paragraph opinionated, arrogant, unable to mediate the final, said, back to Nanjing, the Feng Guozhang expected Tuan bound to have adverse, decided to gather strength, engaged Duan Qirui challenges. He combined military governor of Jiangxi Li Chun, Wang Zhan Yuan military governor of Hubei, the establishment of the "Yangtze River Governor" forces, but also strive to win over the provincial warlords and the United Kingdom, the United States forces, which left open the future always Anhui war. Soon Li minister in the United States "allow for the backing," the support of the Prime Minister categorically ordered dispense Duan Qirui duties. Section angrily went to Tianjin, immediately incited "Doc Legion" inverted Paris, then in the section Wanxi provinces under the command of warlords, became independent, so that Li dilemma. At this time, Li Feng Guozhang had telephoned support, and recommended by the Wang Shizhen out of cabinet. As Wang Shizhen Shoushuliangduan, afraid to incur disaster, a time dared not answer; section has taken the opportunity to send his close military governor of Anhui Zhang Xun Xu Shuzheng encourage mediation, and suggesting to the Qing emperor Pu Yi Xun restoration, the result Lai deceived, the dissolution of parliament, raises a restoration of the farce.
　　July 1, 1917, Zhang Xun in Beijing restoration, Li refuge in the Japanese legation, call the acting president of Nanjing please Feng Guozhang powers, to maintain Republican. Feng Guozhang power in the country on July 3 said: "Guo Zhang in the Qing era, the revolutionary ideas of the non-person, ... ... Guozhang today is not in favor of restoration, is still not in favor of the revolution before, ... ... He (referring to Zhang Xun ) relies on the Capital for the business Cave, relying on Young God to the Home Church, hand sovereignty, including days of the constitution mouth, title by borrowing, degree of support for their virtual Mi, of civilization in barbarous, commissioned law in wilderness, but this can be tolerated, Why States! "The next day, Feng Guozhang met British Consul in the military department, said:" China has embarked on a republican form of government. does not allow another king, I can tell you, I told the Prime Minister is standing against the section of the status. "restoration cleared as Feng Guozhang on the 14th call" money back big powers of the presidency, please Li reinstatement. " Li Kui in the dissolution of parliament, so determined to left office, call Feng Guozhang said: "Although the soul ashamed of, skeletons and died, strider set Hejian, I laid the Republic of China." Attempt to take advantage of their trusted Duan Qi-rui Chong Ni Si Feng Guozhang replaced the post of military governor of Jiangsu, So great facilities mean by that measure, 18, calling on the president to promote Feng north of the post and sent as envoy to Nanjing Jin Yunpeng Ying Feng Guozhang north. Jin on Feng said: "section of the cabinet that will listen to the words of von Mahone, two concentric, their power than gold!" Von know ambition paragraph, is not confused by language Jin, Duan Qirui flatly rejected the arrangement, and conditions put forward from the rather tit for tat: Li Chun tune their subordinates military governor of Jiangxi, Jiangsu military governor, Chen Guangyuan military governor of Jiangxi, the 15th, the 16th Division for the Presidential Guard. Jin Duan Qirui call report, a new paragraph Zeyi Peter Woo, Fu Liangzuo garrison commander for the Yangtze River and Sichuan, and Hunan military governor investigating so that in exchange, agreed to the von requirements. Feng Guozhang view of their forces in the Yangtze River to be consolidated, easy to August 1 rate the 16th Division, arrived in Beijing office.
　　Therefore, Feng Guozhang to Beijing office on behalf of the president, no doubt deepened the conflict between von segment, and promote the Northern clique. Duan Qirui opinionated, very looked down on Feng Guozhang. Feng Guozhang to Beijing on the eve of Mr Duan Qi-rui heard the Shanghai Foreign deposits with bonds to buy land (opium), by the pharmaceutical name of profit from the news, then on the side said: "I was old friends with Von, and Walking with a money addiction, the best knowledge of solid. But the environment of today, I can not oppose, runs the risk of emotional injury. and the Department of Jiangsu Province organized gentry, Biji not seek my advice in advance, I had to install for deaf Kui. "promote the spread Duan Qi-rui Feng Guozhang" Money Addiction ", not unprovoked attack, Feng Guozhang fortune from Baoding, after sweeping up through various means, has gradually amassed a great deal of wealth, as warlords, landlords and big capitalists Trinity The typical characters. For example, in his country of origin and Fucheng Hejian, Hing economic and other places have more than 3,000 mu of land; in Jiangsu and Zhang Jian joint salt reclamation company. 7O mu of land purchase; in Book Village, Tianjin, Beijing has room more than a thousand rooms; in Zhili folder Hill, Zunhua, booming with three gold; in Nanjing, Beijing, Tianjin, banks and silver have lO seat number; and Banco Delta in China and "North four lines" have a large number of shares and deposits. However, still can not meet their greed. When he entered the presidential palace to see the fish jump when the three sea, but moving the scheming, just one of their favorite surnamed Li bought, into the statement said: "The three sea fish, since the Ming has never been Reticulum If the play can be sold to fish traders value of 10 million yuan. "Feng Lee see wavering, said:" statutory provision, three sea Ichthyornis flowers have always been private property emperor president. "Then, Dr. Feng Guozhang catch of fish traders, bargaining 80,000 yuan. Since then, Feng Guozhang end up greedy reputation, so Duan Qirui is despised him.
　　Duan Qirui took office, to "Rebuild" meritorious claim to a monopoly on military power, refused to resume "Provisional Constitution" and the convening of the Congress. Sun was to maintain "Provisional Constitution" to call, contact the Navy General-way wall light and southwestern warlords in September 1917 in Guangzhou and Beijing to establish a junta government protect the law of confrontation. Duan Qirui the face of this situation, and immediately decided to implement the South "unified force" military crusade. September 18 and in Hengyang, Lingling Liu Jianfan commanders in Hunan Hunan Brigadier Lin Xiumei power that "independent." October 6, and safeguarding the war first broke out in Hunan. Duan Qirui fully legitimate use of forces on the occasion of the South, on behalf of the president has proposed and Duan Qi-rui Feng Guozhang a "unified force" against the "peaceful reunification" policy, that southwestern provincial warlords to maintain the status quo in exchange for their central government in Beijing recognition, to maintain the unity of the Chinese name. Feng order to implement his "peaceful reunification" policy, using his immediate chief warlord status, Mi Qian Chen Ji, whose husband went to Hunan, sports Ruxian, Fan Guozhang joint power owners. Then the king, Fan power: "to urge the President to order the agreement to seek the views of North and South provinces, organizations legislature resolved the fundamental law, to permanent and absolute vertical disputes ... ...." 20 October Feng has incited "Doc Yangtze River" jointly to stop Hunan war, withdraw military governor of Hunan Fu Liangzuo to improve the cabinet and adjust the Ni Si Chong An Wujun stationed in four claims. Section of the complete failure of the war against the South. December 25, Feng Guozhang release "Mi war announcement," North-South military requirements "on all sides of the end of the military on the basis, in the political reunification plan is to Xu." Feng Guozhang of "peaceful reunification" policy is still the upper hand .
　　Infighting match for Duan Qi-rui
　　However, now you only own president position, regardless of the Prime Minister's face, such a move that knows how America really chilling. "Not wait for Feng speech, they bombarded Ni camel vent inner dissatisfaction:" I do not know whether the President still remember the Military Academy in Tianjin, a student, the principal is not our Anhui Li Wenzhong (Li) do. Anhui were bad luck today, and then one by one to shield the students from all forget this, we trace from the eggs with this terrible you! "Having said this he should stroke the table to cry, saying:" Mr. President, and now countries have dangerous extreme, we have sent to the northern extreme danger, you see such arrogance of power south, there are bad people in front of the presidential discord say you are straight camp, said Prime Minister Wan School section, that you both Nao Yixian, Anhui now Zaoyao Yan said that the two factions to sub-straight. If that's divided, we Zixiang the fire, then the northern faction would be finished. "Ni's remarks brought a Feng Guozhang also shed tears, to follow Feng Guozhang of Tianwen Lie Seeing this situation, they said:" The president is, in fact Ni military governor, military governor Zhang party of the matter be deliberated crusade against Southwest, as such, to be President of the back of the next crusade to make better. "Feng Guozhang want to Nanjing, Ni immediately said:" If you return to Beijing, I can be released if to Nanjing, I will detain you here. "Feng Guozhang last resort, only returning Beijing.
　　Future generations
　　Feng Guozhang as the beginning of the "country" Generation name.
　　This is also the grandchildren from the "forbidden" words, but the political climate and social environment has forced only to defy the teachings of ancestors to show with "reactionary family break." So this generation to Feng Gong child is no longer a "forbidden" word generation a row.
　　Feng Guozhang spends his life by a scholar like martial arts, reading History and then study the military. In that time he lived, experienced several wars, in which there is personally involved in the invasion of Sino-Japanese War and the eight-to Beijing and other war; China, as a defeated nation, paid a ceding territory and paying compensation to sign humiliating treaties heavy price. Has big ambitions as a generation of intellectuals in China, or have a strong sense of national pride as a military general, Feng Guozhang have given the deep thinking and keen insights into the often made to the supervisor and the Qing court, and has been practicing for "national policy of prohibiting open event from the East," the ambition and dedication.

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