| 姓： | 子 | |||||||||
| 名： | 滕 | |||||||||
| 网笔号： | 中宗祖乙 | |||||||||
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个人简介
祖乙,商朝国王,商王河亶甲子，河亶甲病死后继位,即位后迁都于庇，商朝的社会经济得到了恢复和发展，商朝又兴盛起来。在位19年（一说75年）。祖乙在位时，迁都于邢（今河北省邢台）。他几次出兵平服了兰夷、班方等国，解除了东南方的夷族对商的威胁，国运再度中兴。甲骨文中称他为中宗祖乙，和太乙、太甲合称为“三示”（意为三位功勋卓著的祖先)。病死，葬于狄泉。由其子祖辛即位。
个人生平
祖乙，姓子名祖乙，一名滕，河亶甲的儿子。在位19年，即位后迁都于庇，商朝的社会经济得到了恢复和发展，商朝又兴盛起来。当时，天气风云的不测，使他很苦恼。一个名叫阿衡的大臣，为讨好祖乙，奏称要设天台敬祭天神。祖乙认为有理，便带领百官去祭天，却无济于事。万年知道后，忍不住就带着日晷和漏壶去见皇上，对祖乙讲清了日月运行的道理。祖乙听后龙颜大悦，感到有道理。于是把万年留下，在天坛前修建日月阁，筑起日晷台和漏壶亭。并派了十二个童子服侍万年。祖乙对万年说："希望你能测准日月规律，推算出准确的晨夕时间，创建历法，为天下的黎民百姓造福。" 有一次，祖乙传旨要阿衡去了解万年测试历法的进展情况。当他登上日月坛时，看见天坛边的石壁上刻着：日出日落三百六，周而复始从头来。草木枯荣分四时，一岁月有十二圆。
阿衡见此，知道万年的历法已研究成功，心中忐忑不安。他万分惧怕万年因创建历法而得宠，国君会怪罪自己提出祭祀天神的主意。于是，他阴谋策划，派了一个刺客去除掉万年。刺客攀上日月阁，见万年正在阁上观察星斗，便张弓搭箭，准备射死他。谁知，刺客被卫士发现，被当场缉拿。祖乙知后，惩处了阿衡，亲自登上日月阁看望万年。万年指着天象，对祖乙说："现在正是十二个月满，旧岁已完，新春复始，祈请国君定个节吧。"祖乙说："春为岁首，就叫春节吧。" 冬去春来，年复一年。后来，万年经过长期观察，精心推算，制定出了准确的太阳历。当他把太阳历呈奉给继任的国君时，已是满面银须。国君深为感动，为纪念万年的功绩，便将太阳历命名为"万年历"，封万年为日月寿星。以后，人们在过年时挂上寿星图，据说就是为了纪念德高望重的万年的。春节由此而来。
祖乙即位后，《史记》说：“祖乙迁于邢。”邢就是耿都，在今河北省邢台。祖乙迁耿不久，黄河发生大涝，结果冲毁了都城。当时辅佐朝政的是巫咸的儿子巫贤。司马迁说：“帝祖乙立，殷复兴，巫贤任职。”巫咸是太戌时的名臣，巫贤则是祖乙的名臣，在复兴商王室的过程中功劳很大。当耿都被大水冲毁后，巫贤建议迁都于庇（今山东鱼台），祖乙采纳了他的建议。所以《古本竹书纪年》中说：“祖乙滕即位，是为中宗，居庇。”与《史记》并不矛盾。
庇都靠近大彭国，彭伯忠心于商王室，是商王朝很好的屏障。同时，庇地自然条件优越，物产丰富，有利于农业和畜牧业的发展。所以，迁都后商朝的社会经济得到了恢复和发展，商王室又兴盛起来。
个人评价
祖乙是一位很有作为的君主，孟子把他列入了商朝的“贤圣之君”。《孟子·公孙丑上》说：“由汤至于武丁，圣贤之君六、七作。”其中包括商汤、太甲、太戊、祖乙以及后来的盘庚、武丁。《晏子春秋·内篇谏上》也说：“汤、太甲、祖乙、武丁，天下之盛君也。”
个人成就
据说“春节”和“万年历”是祖乙时的樵夫万年发明的，并且说万年还发明了“日晷仪”和“漏壶”，用以计时。这种说法只是一个传说而已，是没有根据的。因为我国关于“日晷仪”的文献记载最早见于《隋书·天文志》，其中提到袁充于隋开皇十四年（公元595年）发明的短影平仪，即地平日晷。而“漏壶”的使用据《周礼》记载，夏朝时就有了。
祖乙在位十九年，死后由祖辛继位。
典故
龙鱼腾邢
殷帝封于商，传十四世，至于汤。都邑凡八迁。第四次迁于邢。商帝祖乙一名胜，河亶甲之子，号《中宗》。商祖乙九年（公元前1438年）在邢台古地，发现一条龙鱼。众臣报请祖乙。认为邢台必将成为龙腾之地，于是迁都邢台。派专人饲养，朝夕礼拜。利用邢台有利条件发展农牧业，使邢台经济，得到恢复和发展，国运中兴。因风水大臣说：龙在则兴，龙亡则水淹。结果《龙》死后，祖乙迁走，邢台被水淹没。
历史传说
很久很久以前，在山清水秀的定阳山下，有个不太大的村庄。村头山坡上，有间小石屋，住着一个名叫万年的青年。他家境贫寒，以砍柴挖药为生。那时节令很乱，弄得庄稼人无法种田。万年是个有心计的青年，想把节令定准，可是，不知从哪里下手。
一天，万年上山砍柴，坐在树下歇息，树影的移动启发了他，他就制了一个日晷，测日影计算一天的长短。可是，天有云阴雾雨，影响测记。他就想再做一件记时器具，好弥补日晷的不足。那天，他上山挖药，来到泉边喝水，崖上的泉水有节奏地滴答滴答地响着，引起了他的注意。他望着泉水出了神。思索了一阵，回到家里，画了画，试了试，做成了五层漏壶。从此，他测日影，望漏水，勤勤奋奋。慢慢的，他发现每隔三百六十多天，天时的长短就会从头重复一遍。最短的一天在冬至。那时的天子叫祖乙，节令失常，使他很着急，就召集百官，朝议节令失常之困。节令官叫阿衡，不知道日月运行的规律，就说是人们作事不慎，得罪了天神。只有虔诚跪祭，才能得到上神的宽恕。祖乙就斋素沐浴，领百官去天坛祭祀，并传谕全国，设台祭天。但祭来祭去，不见收效，时令照旧很乱；各地的老百姓为了修建祭台又得服役，又得出捐，真是胆汁拌黄连，苦中加苦。万年忍不住了，就带着他的日晷和漏壶拜见天子。万年见了天子，说了冬至点，讲了日月运行周期。祖乙听罢，心中大喜，即令大兴土木，在天坛前修建日月阁，筑上日晷台，造上漏壶亭。又拨了十二个童子服侍万年，万年让六个童子守日晷，六个童子守漏壶，精心记录，按时报告。
一天，祖乙让阿衡去日月阁询问制历情况，万年指着草历说：“日出日落三百六，周而复始从头来。草木枯荣分四时，一岁月有十二圆。”阿衡一听，深觉是理，心中却不安起来。他暗想：要是万年把节令定准，天子心喜，重用万年，谁还听我阿衡的？阿衡想啊想啊，一心想把万年除掉。一天阿衡打听出一个善射的利客，就派人请到家里，摆上酒筵，说明原由，许以重礼。刺客答应当夜就去行刺。天交二鼓，刺客趁酒兴离开了阿衡，向日月阁奔去。怎奈天坛周围，日月阁下，有卫士严守，刺客不能近前，就拉弓搭箭向日月阁上正观星象的万年射去。谁知刺客喝酒过多，眼睛发昏，飞箭只射中万年的胳膊。万年哎呀一声倒在地上，众童子急呼拿贼。卫士们听到喊声，一齐出动，捉住刺客，扭见天子。祖乙问明实情，传令将阿衡收了监，又立印出宫登上日月阁看望万年。万年非常感动，指着申星说：“申星追上了蚕百星，星象复原，夜交子时，旧岁已完，时又始春，望天子定个节吧。”祖乙说：“春为岁首，就叫春节吧。爱卿入阁，三载不出，披肝沥胆，以月圆为准制出太阴历，真是功高德重。如今爱卿被奸佞暗算，且随我到宫中调养吧。”万年说：“太阴历虽然草创，但还不十分准确，岁尾还剩有点滴时辰。如不把这岁末尾时润进去，日月如梭，过来过去又会错历。臣负众生所望，深受天子之恩，愿碎心日月阁，细心推算，把草历定准。”
就这样，万年在日月阁中，仔细观察草木麦菽的荣枯，精心推算，把岁末尾时积日成月润了进去。那年五月，祖乙到天坛行祭，祭罢天神，又登上日月阁，把祭神的五月鲜桃赐给万年。万年献上太阴历，祖乙望着日夜操劳的万年，眉也白了，须也白了，深受感动，就把太阴历定名为万年历，还封万年为日月寿星。因此，后来人们也把春节称做年，每每过年之时屋里挂上寿星图，象征新岁添寿，也是对功高德重的万年寄以怀念之情。
Zu Yi, name sub name Zu Yi, 1 Teng, a son of Dan River. Reigned 19 years, came to the throne moved the capital to shelter, the Shang Dynasty have been restored and the socio-economic development, Shang has flourished. At that time, the weather situation in the mishap, so he was very upset. A name Jiao Aheng the minister to please Zu Yi, Zou Cheng King to Heaven God designed the roof. Zu Yi think it plausible, Baiguan led to Heaven, but of no avail. Years after that, could not help but to see the emperor with a sundial and Lou Hu, Zu Yi clarifying the sun and the moon on the truth. Zu Yi Long Yantai Yue hear, feel justified. So leave the years, built before the sun and the moon in the Temple of Heaven House, build a sundial and Lou Hu Taiwan Pavilion. And sent a boy serving 12 years. Zu Yi of the years, said: "I hope you can quasi sun and the moon rules, calculate the precise time of morning, evening, create a calendar, for the world to benefit the people of Lebanon." Once, Zu Yi edicts have come to understand the value to A years test the progress of the calendar. When he boarded the sun and the moon altar, he saw the cliff edge inscribed the Temple of Heaven: sunrise and sunset 360, again and again to start from scratch. Coorong vegetation sub 4:00, round one twelve years.
A balance Seeing this, know that the calendar has years of successful research, mind uneasy. Because of his extreme fear of years to create calendars and died, the monarch will blame themselves worship god idea. So he conspired to send an assassin to get rid of years. Assassin climbing moon Court, see House years are observed star will miss the target bow, ready to shoot him. Who knows, the assassins were guards, have been found on the spot catch. Zu Yi know, the punishment of the A value, personally boarded the Sun and the Moon House visit of years. Years pointed to Sky, and Zu Yi said: "Now is the full twelve months, the old age has been completed, everything starts with New Year, set a section of Prayer monarch it." Zu Yi said: "Spring for the beginning of the year, on it is called the Spring Festival. "winter to spring, year after year. Later, years after long-term observations, carefully calculated, and work out an accurate solar calendar. When he gave it to the solar calendar was the monarch when his successor, has been sounded to silver. Deeply moved by the monarch, to commemorate the years of achievements, they put a solar calendar named "calendar" years for the sun and the moon god of longevity closure. After the New Year when people hang birthday plans, said that in honor of highly respected of years. Spring Festival from this.
Personal Evaluation
Is said to "Spring Festival" and "calendar" is the invention of Zu Yi years when the woodcutter, and said years also invented the "sundial apparatus" and "Lou Hu" for the time. This is only a legend it is unfounded. Because our country on "sundial apparatus" in literature was first seen in "Book of Astronomy Sui Zhi", which refers to filling in Suikai Huang Yuan fourteen years (AD 595) invented the short film Ping-yee, that horizon sundial. The "Lou Hu," The use, according to "Zhou" records, the Xia Dynasty, there was the time.
Arowana Teng Xing
A long time ago, in the beautiful setting Yangshan, there is a modest village. End of the village hill, there are small stone house, there lived a man named years of youth. His family is poor, dig drug living with firewood. At that time Seasonal confused confused farmer can not farm. Years is a young shenanigans, trying to determined the seasons, but I do not know where to start.
One day, years mountain firewood, sitting under a tree to rest, shade movement inspired him, he system, a sundial, measuring the length of the day calculate the sun's shadow. However, the days of overcast cloud fog rain impact test in mind. When he wanted to do a record apparatus, good enough to make up for sundial. That day he dug up the mountain medicine, to the fountain water, spring water on the Cliff ticked rhythmically ringing, caught his attention. He watched with springs of God. Thinking for a while, back home, he painted a painting, tried, Lou Hu made a five. Since then, he measured the sun's shadow, hope leaking hard Fen Qin. Slowly, he found every more than 360 days, the length of day will be repeated from scratch again. The shortest day of the winter solstice. Then the emperor called Zu Yi, Seasonal disorder, so he was anxious to call Baiguan, get help towards meeting Seasonal disorders. Seasonal official Jiaoa Heng, sun and the moon do not know the law, said that people do whatever inadvertently offended the gods. Only devout kneel Festival, to get on God's forgiveness. Zu Yi Su bath on the fast, leading to the Temple of Heaven Baiguan sacrifice, and Chuanyu the country, to establish the station Heaven. But the sacrifice as an offering to go, it was not effective, seasonal usual mess; around the altar is again the people to build service, they come to donate, really mixed berberine bile, bitter sufferings and Canada. Years, could not, he took his audience with the emperor sundial and Lou Hu. Years met with the emperor, that the winter solstice point, about the sun and moon run cycle. Zu Yi listening to the heart rejoicing of turning in massive construction projects built before the sun and the moon in the Temple Court, building on the sundial Taiwan, made the Louhu Pavilion. Has allocated 12 million years serving boy, boy six years to keep sundial, six young boys keep Lou Hu, meticulously recorded, the report on time.
One day, Zu Yi to go to Sun Moon House Ah Heng asked about the situation the system calendar, pointing to grass years experience said: "The sun rises and sets 360, again and again to start from scratch. Coorong vegetation sub 4:00, round one twelve years. "Ah Heng 1, and were convinced that reason, the hearts are uneasy. He thought: If the seasons determined the years, the emperor is happy, reuse of years, who listen to me A balanced? A value like ah think ah, tried to get rid of years. One day Ah Heng Shan She inquire about the benefits a customer and send people to go home, put Jiu Yan, shows why, promise to re-gift. Night agreed to go assassinate assassin. Days pay two drums, while drinking joy assassin left the A scale, ran to the sun and the moon Court. Persevering, around the Temple of Heaven, sun, moon and you, there are strict guard, assassin can not be near to, to bow to the Sun and Moon Nock Court on being star-gazing in years to shoot. Who knows Assassin drink too much, the eyes grew faint, Arrows only shot of years of arm. Oh soon as years down to the ground in agony and Nazei public boy. Guards heard the commotion, turned out to, catch the assassin, twisted see the Son of Heaven. Zu Yi questioning the truth, heralds the A value for closing the prison, but also established print boarding house to visit Sun Moon House years. Years was very moved, pointing to apply star said: "The Star caught up with silkworm 100 applications star, astrology recovery, night cross the hour of midnight, the old year has been completed, Shi You start the spring, hope the emperor set a section of it." Zu Yi said : "Spring for the beginning of the year, it is called the Spring Festival. Aiqing cabinet, three contained no, Piganlidan, subject to full moon a lunar calendar system is really successful high moral weight. Now Ai Qing was crafty plot, and with me nursed back to health right to the palace. "years, said:" Although the grassroots lunar calendar, but not very accurate, the end of every hour left in a bit. if not the end of this end of the year when the profit go, Riyuerusuo, will come in the past wrong calendar. Morrison expectations of negative beings, well the emperor's grace, we would like to Suixin moon Court, carefully calculated, the calendar determined the grass. "
In this way, years in the sun and the moon Court, the careful observation of vegetation growth and decay of wheat beans, carefully calculated, the end of the year last month when the product into a profit on the inside. That year in May, Zu Yi to the Temple of Heaven-line offering, offering strike god, they boarded the sun and the moon Court, the ritual of the May peaches give years. Years presented lunar calendar, Zu Yi worked hard day and night looking at years, eyebrows and white, to white, too, was deeply moved, put lunar calendar named calendar, also closed years for the sun and the moon god of longevity. So, then it is also called the Spring Festival, the New Year when the house often hung birthday chart, a symbol of new life-year-old Tim, is also a function of years of high moral weight sent to nostalgia.