| 姓： | 子 | |||||||||
| 名： | 滕 | |||||||||
| 網筆號： | 中宗祖乙 | |||||||||
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個人簡介
祖乙,商朝國王,商王河亶甲子，河亶甲病死後繼位,即位後遷都於庇，商朝的社會經濟得到了恢復和發展，商朝又興盛起來。在位19年（一說75年）。祖乙在位時，遷都於邢（今河北省邢臺）。他幾次出兵平服了蘭夷、班方等國，解除了東南方的夷族對商的威脅，國運再度中興。甲骨文中稱他為中宗祖乙，和太乙、太甲合稱為“三示”（意為三位功勳卓著的祖先)。病死，葬於狄泉。由其子祖辛即位。
個人生平
祖乙，姓子名祖乙，一名滕，河亶甲的兒子。在位19年，即位後遷都於庇，商朝的社會經濟得到了恢復和發展，商朝又興盛起來。當時，天氣風雲的不測，使他很苦惱。一個名叫阿衡的大臣，為討好祖乙，奏稱要設天台敬祭天神。祖乙認為有理，便帶領百官去祭天，卻無濟於事。萬年知道後，忍不住就帶着日晷和漏壺去見皇上，對祖乙講清了日月運行的道理。祖乙聽後竜顔大悅，感到有道理。於是把萬年留下，在天壇前修建日月閣，築起日晷臺和漏壺亭。並派了十二個童子服侍萬年。祖乙對萬年說："希望你能測準日月規律，推算出準確的晨夕時間，創建歷法，為天下的黎民百姓造福。" 有一次，祖乙傳旨要阿衡去瞭解萬年測試歷法的進展情況。當他登上日月壇時，看見天壇邊的石壁上刻着：日出日落三百六，周而復始從頭來。草木枯榮分四時，一歲月有十二圓。
阿衡見此，知道萬年的歷法已研究成功，心中忐忑不安。他萬分懼怕萬年因創建歷法而得寵，國君會怪罪自己提出祭祀天神的主意。於是，他陰謀策劃，派了一個刺客去除掉萬年。刺客攀上日月閣，見萬年正在閣上觀察星鬥，便張弓搭箭，準備射死他。誰知，刺客被衛士發現，被當場緝拿。祖乙知後，懲處了阿衡，親自登上日月閣看望萬年。萬年指着天象，對祖乙說："現在正是十二個月滿，舊歲已完，新春復始，祈請國君定個節吧。"祖乙說："春為歲首，就叫春節吧。" 鼕去春來，年復一年。後來，萬年經過長期觀察，精心推算，製定出了準確的太陽歷。當他把太陽歷呈奉給繼任的國君時，已是滿面銀須。國君深為感動，為紀念萬年的功績，便將太陽歷命名為"萬年歷"，封萬年為日月壽星。以後，人們在過年時挂上壽星圖，據說就是為了紀念德高望重的萬年的。春節由此而來。
祖乙即位後，《史記》說：“祖乙遷於邢。”邢就是耿都，在今河北省邢臺。祖乙遷耿不久，黃河發生大澇，結果衝毀了都城。當時輔佐朝政的是巫鹹的兒子巫賢。司馬遷說：“帝祖乙立，殷復興，巫賢任職。”巫鹹是太戌時的名臣，巫賢則是祖乙的名臣，在復興商王室的過程中功勞很大。當耿都被大水衝毀後，巫賢建議遷都於庇（今山東魚臺），祖乙采納了他的建議。所以《古本竹書紀年》中說：“祖乙滕即位，是為中宗，居庇。”與《史記》並不矛盾。
庇都靠近大彭國，彭伯忠心於商王室，是商王朝很好的屏障。同時，庇地自然條件優越，物産豐富，有利於農業和畜牧業的發展。所以，遷都後商朝的社會經濟得到了恢復和發展，商王室又興盛起來。
個人評價
祖乙是一位很有作為的君主，孟子把他列入了商朝的“賢聖之君”。《孟子·公孫醜上》說：“由湯至於武丁，聖賢之君六、七作。”其中包括商湯、太甲、太戊、祖乙以及後來的盤庚、武丁。《晏子春秋·內篇諫上》也說：“湯、太甲、祖乙、武丁，天下之盛君也。”
個人成就
據說“春節”和“萬年歷”是祖乙時的樵夫萬年發明的，並且說萬年還發明了“日晷儀”和“漏壺”，用以計時。這種說法衹是一個傳說而已，是沒有根據的。因為我國關於“日晷儀”的文獻記載最早見於《隋書·天文志》，其中提到袁充於隋開皇十四年（公元595年）發明的短影平儀，即地平日晷。而“漏壺”的使用據《周禮》記載，夏朝時就有了。
祖乙在位十九年，死後由祖辛繼位。
典故
竜魚騰邢
殷帝封於商，傳十四世，至於湯。都邑凡八遷。第四次遷於邢。商帝祖乙一名勝，河亶甲之子，號《中宗》。商祖乙九年（公元前1438年）在邢臺古地，發現一條竜魚。衆臣報請祖乙。認為邢臺必將成為竜騰之地，於是遷都邢臺。派專人飼養，朝夕禮拜。利用邢臺有利條件發展農牧業，使邢臺經濟，得到恢復和發展，國運中興。因風水大臣說：竜在則興，竜亡則水淹。結果《竜》死後，祖乙遷走，邢臺被水淹沒。
歷史傳說
很久很久以前，在山清水秀的定陽山下，有個不太大的村莊。村頭山坡上，有間小石屋，住着一個名叫萬年的青年。他傢境貧寒，以砍柴挖藥為生。那時節令很亂，弄得莊稼人無法種田。萬年是個有心計的青年，想把節令定準，可是，不知從哪裏下手。
一天，萬年上山砍柴，坐在樹下歇息，樹影的移動啓發了他，他就製了一個日晷，測日影計算一天的長短。可是，天有雲陰霧雨，影響測記。他就想再做一件記時器具，好彌補日晷的不足。那天，他上山挖藥，來到泉邊喝水，崖上的泉水有節奏地滴答滴答地響着，引起了他的註意。他望着泉水出了神。思索了一陣，回到傢裏，畫了畫，試了試，做成了五層漏壺。從此，他測日影，望漏水，勤勤奮奮。慢慢的，他發現每隔三百六十多天，天時的長短就會從頭重複一遍。最短的一天在鼕至。那時的天子叫祖乙，節令失常，使他很着急，就召集百官，朝議節令失常之睏。節令官叫阿衡，不知道日月運行的規律，就說是人們作事不慎，得罪了天神。衹有虔誠跪祭，才能得到上神的寬恕。祖乙就齋素沐浴，領百官去天壇祭祀，並傳諭全國，設臺祭天。但祭來祭去，不見收效，時令照舊很亂；各地的老百姓為了修建祭臺又得服役，又得出捐，真是膽汁拌黃連，苦中加苦。萬年忍不住了，就帶着他的日晷和漏壺拜見天子。萬年見了天子，說了鼕至點，講了日月運行周期。祖乙聽罷，心中大喜，即令大興土木，在天壇前修建日月閣，築上日晷臺，造上漏壺亭。又撥了十二個童子服侍萬年，萬年讓六個童子守日晷，六個童子守漏壺，精心記錄，按時報告。
一天，祖乙讓阿衡去日月閣詢問製歷情況，萬年指着草歷說：“日出日落三百六，周而復始從頭來。草木枯榮分四時，一歲月有十二圓。”阿衡一聽，深覺是理，心中卻不安起來。他暗想：要是萬年把節令定準，天子心喜，重用萬年，誰還聽我阿衡的？阿衡想啊想啊，一心想把萬年除掉。一天阿衡打聽出一個善射的利客，就派人請到傢裏，擺上酒筵，說明原由，許以重禮。刺客答應當夜就去行刺。天交二鼓，刺客趁酒興離開了阿衡，嚮日月閣奔去。怎奈天壇周圍，日月閣下，有衛士嚴守，刺客不能近前，就拉弓搭箭嚮日月閣上正觀星象的萬年射去。誰知刺客喝酒過多，眼睛發昏，飛箭衹射中萬年的胳膊。萬年哎呀一聲倒在地上，衆童子急呼拿賊。衛士們聽到喊聲，一齊出動，捉住刺客，扭見天子。祖乙問明實情，傳令將阿衡收了監，又立印出宮登上日月閣看望萬年。萬年非常感動，指着申星說：“申星追上了蠶百星，星象復原，夜交子時，舊歲已完，時又始春，望天子定個節吧。”祖乙說：“春為歲首，就叫春節吧。愛卿入閣，三載不出，披肝瀝膽，以月圓為準製出太陰歷，真是功高德重。如今愛卿被姦佞暗算，且隨我到宮中調養吧。”萬年說：“太陰歷雖然草創，但還不十分準確，歲尾還剩有點滴時辰。如不把這歲末尾時潤進去，日月如梭，過來過去又會錯歷。臣負衆生所望，深受天子之恩，願碎心日月閣，細心推算，把草歷定準。”
就這樣，萬年在日月閣中，仔細觀察草木麥菽的榮枯，精心推算，把歲末尾時積日成月潤了進去。那年五月，祖乙到天壇行祭，祭罷天神，又登上日月閣，把祭神的五月鮮桃賜給萬年。萬年獻上太陰歷，祖乙望着日夜操勞的萬年，眉也白了，須也白了，深受感動，就把太陰歷定名為萬年歷，還封萬年為日月壽星。因此，後來人們也把春節稱做年，每每過年之時屋裏挂上壽星圖，象徵新歲添壽，也是對功高德重的萬年寄以懷念之情。
Zu Yi, name sub name Zu Yi, 1 Teng, a son of Dan River. Reigned 19 years, came to the throne moved the capital to shelter, the Shang Dynasty have been restored and the socio-economic development, Shang has flourished. At that time, the weather situation in the mishap, so he was very upset. A name Jiao Aheng the minister to please Zu Yi, Zou Cheng King to Heaven God designed the roof. Zu Yi think it plausible, Baiguan led to Heaven, but of no avail. Years after that, could not help but to see the emperor with a sundial and Lou Hu, Zu Yi clarifying the sun and the moon on the truth. Zu Yi Long Yantai Yue hear, feel justified. So leave the years, built before the sun and the moon in the Temple of Heaven House, build a sundial and Lou Hu Taiwan Pavilion. And sent a boy serving 12 years. Zu Yi of the years, said: "I hope you can quasi sun and the moon rules, calculate the precise time of morning, evening, create a calendar, for the world to benefit the people of Lebanon." Once, Zu Yi edicts have come to understand the value to A years test the progress of the calendar. When he boarded the sun and the moon altar, he saw the cliff edge inscribed the Temple of Heaven: sunrise and sunset 360, again and again to start from scratch. Coorong vegetation sub 4:00, round one twelve years.
A balance Seeing this, know that the calendar has years of successful research, mind uneasy. Because of his extreme fear of years to create calendars and died, the monarch will blame themselves worship god idea. So he conspired to send an assassin to get rid of years. Assassin climbing moon Court, see House years are observed star will miss the target bow, ready to shoot him. Who knows, the assassins were guards, have been found on the spot catch. Zu Yi know, the punishment of the A value, personally boarded the Sun and the Moon House visit of years. Years pointed to Sky, and Zu Yi said: "Now is the full twelve months, the old age has been completed, everything starts with New Year, set a section of Prayer monarch it." Zu Yi said: "Spring for the beginning of the year, on it is called the Spring Festival. "winter to spring, year after year. Later, years after long-term observations, carefully calculated, and work out an accurate solar calendar. When he gave it to the solar calendar was the monarch when his successor, has been sounded to silver. Deeply moved by the monarch, to commemorate the years of achievements, they put a solar calendar named "calendar" years for the sun and the moon god of longevity closure. After the New Year when people hang birthday plans, said that in honor of highly respected of years. Spring Festival from this.
Personal Evaluation
Is said to "Spring Festival" and "calendar" is the invention of Zu Yi years when the woodcutter, and said years also invented the "sundial apparatus" and "Lou Hu" for the time. This is only a legend it is unfounded. Because our country on "sundial apparatus" in literature was first seen in "Book of Astronomy Sui Zhi", which refers to filling in Suikai Huang Yuan fourteen years (AD 595) invented the short film Ping-yee, that horizon sundial. The "Lou Hu," The use, according to "Zhou" records, the Xia Dynasty, there was the time.
Arowana Teng Xing
A long time ago, in the beautiful setting Yangshan, there is a modest village. End of the village hill, there are small stone house, there lived a man named years of youth. His family is poor, dig drug living with firewood. At that time Seasonal confused confused farmer can not farm. Years is a young shenanigans, trying to determined the seasons, but I do not know where to start.
One day, years mountain firewood, sitting under a tree to rest, shade movement inspired him, he system, a sundial, measuring the length of the day calculate the sun's shadow. However, the days of overcast cloud fog rain impact test in mind. When he wanted to do a record apparatus, good enough to make up for sundial. That day he dug up the mountain medicine, to the fountain water, spring water on the Cliff ticked rhythmically ringing, caught his attention. He watched with springs of God. Thinking for a while, back home, he painted a painting, tried, Lou Hu made a five. Since then, he measured the sun's shadow, hope leaking hard Fen Qin. Slowly, he found every more than 360 days, the length of day will be repeated from scratch again. The shortest day of the winter solstice. Then the emperor called Zu Yi, Seasonal disorder, so he was anxious to call Baiguan, get help towards meeting Seasonal disorders. Seasonal official Jiaoa Heng, sun and the moon do not know the law, said that people do whatever inadvertently offended the gods. Only devout kneel Festival, to get on God's forgiveness. Zu Yi Su bath on the fast, leading to the Temple of Heaven Baiguan sacrifice, and Chuanyu the country, to establish the station Heaven. But the sacrifice as an offering to go, it was not effective, seasonal usual mess; around the altar is again the people to build service, they come to donate, really mixed berberine bile, bitter sufferings and Canada. Years, could not, he took his audience with the emperor sundial and Lou Hu. Years met with the emperor, that the winter solstice point, about the sun and moon run cycle. Zu Yi listening to the heart rejoicing of turning in massive construction projects built before the sun and the moon in the Temple Court, building on the sundial Taiwan, made the Louhu Pavilion. Has allocated 12 million years serving boy, boy six years to keep sundial, six young boys keep Lou Hu, meticulously recorded, the report on time.
One day, Zu Yi to go to Sun Moon House Ah Heng asked about the situation the system calendar, pointing to grass years experience said: "The sun rises and sets 360, again and again to start from scratch. Coorong vegetation sub 4:00, round one twelve years. "Ah Heng 1, and were convinced that reason, the hearts are uneasy. He thought: If the seasons determined the years, the emperor is happy, reuse of years, who listen to me A balanced? A value like ah think ah, tried to get rid of years. One day Ah Heng Shan She inquire about the benefits a customer and send people to go home, put Jiu Yan, shows why, promise to re-gift. Night agreed to go assassinate assassin. Days pay two drums, while drinking joy assassin left the A scale, ran to the sun and the moon Court. Persevering, around the Temple of Heaven, sun, moon and you, there are strict guard, assassin can not be near to, to bow to the Sun and Moon Nock Court on being star-gazing in years to shoot. Who knows Assassin drink too much, the eyes grew faint, Arrows only shot of years of arm. Oh soon as years down to the ground in agony and Nazei public boy. Guards heard the commotion, turned out to, catch the assassin, twisted see the Son of Heaven. Zu Yi questioning the truth, heralds the A value for closing the prison, but also established print boarding house to visit Sun Moon House years. Years was very moved, pointing to apply star said: "The Star caught up with silkworm 100 applications star, astrology recovery, night cross the hour of midnight, the old year has been completed, Shi You start the spring, hope the emperor set a section of it." Zu Yi said : "Spring for the beginning of the year, it is called the Spring Festival. Aiqing cabinet, three contained no, Piganlidan, subject to full moon a lunar calendar system is really successful high moral weight. Now Ai Qing was crafty plot, and with me nursed back to health right to the palace. "years, said:" Although the grassroots lunar calendar, but not very accurate, the end of every hour left in a bit. if not the end of this end of the year when the profit go, Riyuerusuo, will come in the past wrong calendar. Morrison expectations of negative beings, well the emperor's grace, we would like to Suixin moon Court, carefully calculated, the calendar determined the grass. "
In this way, years in the sun and the moon Court, the careful observation of vegetation growth and decay of wheat beans, carefully calculated, the end of the year last month when the product into a profit on the inside. That year in May, Zu Yi to the Temple of Heaven-line offering, offering strike god, they boarded the sun and the moon Court, the ritual of the May peaches give years. Years presented lunar calendar, Zu Yi worked hard day and night looking at years, eyebrows and white, to white, too, was deeply moved, put lunar calendar named calendar, also closed years for the sun and the moon god of longevity. So, then it is also called the Spring Festival, the New Year when the house often hung birthday chart, a symbol of new life-year-old Tim, is also a function of years of high moral weight sent to nostalgia.