演讲者面对广大听众，以口头语言为主要形式、非口头语言为辅助形式，就某一问题发表自己的意见，或阐说某一事理，并互相交流信息的真实的社会活动过程，也叫演说或讲演。起一种让人信服或明白的作用
演讲的起源
由于人类社会发展的需要而产生了语言；由于语言的发展和发音器官的进化，而使有声语言成为主要的表达方式；又由于要更加充分地表达思想感情，而把有声语言和态势语言有机地结合起来，这就是作为一种语言表达方式的演讲的起源。
演讲的性质
一、社会性 演讲活动发生在社会成员之间，它是一个社会成员对其他社会成员进行宣传鼓动活动的口语表达形式。因此，演讲不只是个体行为，还具有很强的社会性。
二、现实性 所谓现实性，是指符合客观事物的只是情况的性质。
三、艺术性 演讲是优于一切现实的口语表现形式，它要求演讲者去除一般讲话中的杂乱、松散、平板的因素，以一种集中、凝练、富与创造色彩的面貌出现，这就是演讲的艺术性。
四、综合性 演讲只是发生在一定时间内的活动，而为这一活动，演讲者要有各方面的充分准备，同时，还需要大量的组织工作与之配合。这就是演讲的综合性。
五、逻辑性 演讲者思维要缜密，语言应有条理，层次分明，结构清楚，这就是演讲的逻辑性。
六、针对性 演讲主题应是众所周之的问题，要注意听众的年龄、身份、文化程度等，这就是演讲的针对性。
七、感染性 演讲者要有鲜明的观点、自己独到的见解和看法以及深刻的思想等，要善于用流畅生动、深刻风趣的语言和恰当的修辞打动听众，这就是演讲的感染性。
演讲学
演讲学是研究演讲的发生和发展规律以及演讲的方法和技巧的一门社会科学；并且是一门带有方法论性质的科学，一门具有很强的实践性的科学。
演讲学的研究对象 演讲学的研究对象包括三个方面。①关于演讲对社会生活的作用与反作用的规律问题。诸如演讲在社会生活中所处的地位及其社会作用，演讲自身的特征，以及演讲自身的继承、革新和民族演讲的相互影响等等。②关于演讲活动本身的规律问题。诸如演讲的分类，演讲的内容与形式，演讲的准备阶段以及演讲活动的过程等等。 ③关于演讲的鉴赏和批评的一般规律问题。诸如鉴赏的依据和批评的标准，如何通过鉴赏与批评推动演讲自身的发展等等。上述三个方面既有各自的相对独立性，又有相互间的依存性。说它们相对独立，是因为每一个方面都是从某一角度出发的，说它们互相依存，是因为作为一个有机的整体，部分与部分之间存在着密切的联系，缺少哪个部分都将影响整体的完善性。
演讲技巧
演讲技巧中的4P是指：Plan(计划)、Prepare(准备)、Practice(连续)和Present(演讲)。
计划(Plan) 熟悉你的观众，包括知识、经验、需求和目的。根据你希望你听众采取何种行动来制定确你演讲的目的。
想象你成功的样子
想象你的观众如何反应
给自己打气
准备开场白 以一个与观众需求相关的问题为开场白
真诚感谢
一个相关的事情 事实和证据 统计数据
类比
示范
声明或引用
事件
展示
不同话题之间的自然过渡
准备一个令人难忘的结尾
3E准备 通过下面3E的准备，可以为自己建立自信心，是演讲成功的关键： 为什么你获得(Earn)发表演讲的权利或机会
为什么你对非常喜欢(Excite)这个话题
为什么你迫不及待地(Eager)就想与你的听众分享你的知识
1.何谓善用空间的演讲
所谓空间就是指进行演说的场所范围、演讲者所在之处以及与听众间的距离等等。演说者所在之处以位居听众注意力容易汇集的地方最为理想。例如开会的时候、主席多半位居会议桌的上方、因为该处正是最容易汇集出席者注意力的地方。
反之，如果主席位居会议桌之正中央，则会议的进行情况会变如何呢？恐怕会使出席者注意力散漫了，且有会议冗长不休的感觉？因此，让自己位居听众注意力容易汇集之处，不但能够提升听众对于演讲的关注，甚至具有增强演说者信赖度权威感的效果。
2.演讲时的姿势如何
演说时的姿势（posture）也会带给听众某种印象，例如堂堂正正的印象或者畏畏缩缩的印象。虽然个人的性格与平日的习惯对此影响颇巨，不过一般而言仍有方便演讲的姿势，即所谓“轻松的姿势”。要让身体放松，反过来说就是不要过度紧张。过度的紧张不但会表现出笨拙僵硬的姿势，而且对于舌头的动作也会造成不良的影响。
决窍之一是张开双脚与肩同宽，挺稳整个身躯。另一个决窍是想办法扩散并减轻施加在身体上的紧张情绪。例如将一只手稍微插入口袋中，或者手触桌边、或者手握麦克风等等。
3.演讲时的视线
在大众面前说话，亦即表示必须忍受众目睽睽的注视。当然，并非每位听众都会对你报以善意的眼光。尽管如此，你还是不可以漠视听众的眼光，避开听众的视线来说话。尤其当你走到麦克风旁边站立在大众面前的那一瞬间，来自听众的视线有时甚至会让你觉得刺痛。
克服这股视线压力的秘决，就是一面进行演讲；一面从听众当中找寻对于自己投以善意而温柔眼光的人。并且无视于那些冷淡的眼光。此外，把自己的视线投向强烈“点头”以示首肯的人，对巩固信心来进行演说也具有效果。
4.演讲时的脸部表情
演讲时的脸部表情无论好坏都会带给听众极其深刻的印象。紧张、疲劳、喜悦、焦虑、等情绪无不清楚地表露在脸上，这是很难藉由本人的意志来加以控制的。演讲的内容即使再精彩，如果表情总觉缺乏自信，老是畏畏缩缩，演讲就很容易变得欠缺说服力。
控制脸部的方法，首先“不可垂头”。人一旦“垂头”就会予人“丧气”之感，而且若视线不能与听众接触，就难以吸引听众的注意。另一个方法是“缓慢说话”。说话速度一旦缓慢，情绪即可稳定，脸部表情也得以放松,再者，全身上下也能够为之泰然自若起来。
5.有关服饰和发型
服装也会带给观众各种印象。尤其是东方男性总是喜欢穿着灰色或者蓝色系列的服装，难免给人过于刻板无趣印象。轻松的场合不妨穿着稍微花俏一点的服装来参加。不过如果是正式的场合，一般来说仍以深色西服、男士无尾晚宴服（tuxedo)、以及燕尾服为宜。其次，发型也可塑造出各种形象来。长发和光头各自蕴含其强烈的形象，而鬓角的长短也被认为是个人喜好的表征。站出来演讲之际，你的服装、究竟带给对方何种印象？希望各位好好地思量一番。
6.声音和腔调
声音和腔调乃是与生俱来的，不可能一朝一夕之间有所改善。不过音质与措词对于整个演说影响颇巨，这倒是事实。根据某项研究报告指出声音低沉的男性比声音高亢的男性，其信赖度较高。因为声音低沉会让人有种威严沉着的感觉。尽管如此，各位还是不可能马上就改变自己的声音。总之，重要的是让自己的声音清楚地传达给听众。即使是音质不好的人，如果能够禀持自己的主张与信念的话，依旧可以吸引听众的热切关注。
说话的速度也是演讲的要素。为了营造沉着的气氛，说话稍微慢点是很重要。标准大致为5分钟三张左右的A4原稿，不过，此地要注意的是，倘若从头至尾一直以相同的速度来进行，听众会睡觉的。
The speaker to face the general audience, the main form of oral language, non-verbal language is secondary forms, on an issue to express their views, or explain that a good sense, and exchanged information on the real process of social activities, also known as speech or presentation. Play a role in convincing or understand
The origin of speech
As the human development of society arising from the language; Because of language development and the evolution of speech organs, Er Shi You sound Yuyan Chengweizhuyao the Biaodafangshi; And as they have Gengjiachongfen De expression of thoughts and feelings, and the audio language He state language Youji to together, this is a language of expression as the origin of speech.
The nature of speech
First, social lecture took place in the community among the members, it is a member of society members of other social propaganda activities in the form of oral expression. Therefore, the speech is not just individual behavior, is also very social.
Second, the so-called reality reality, and is consistent with the objective nature of things, just situations.
Third, artistic presentation is better than the oral form of all reality, it requires the speaker to remove the clutter in general speech, loose, flat element, to a centralized, concise, rich colors to create the look and appear, this is the speech artistry.
4, integrated nature of speech occur only within a certain time activity, and Wei the event, speakers Yaoyou Ge Fang Mian's full preparations, it is also necessary with a large number of organizations Gongzuo 配合. This is a comprehensive presentation.
5, logical thinking should be careful speaker, language should be organized and structured, the structure clearly, this is the logic of speech.
6, specific speech topics should be known for their problems, pay attention to the audience's age, identity, education, etc. This is the speech targeted.
7, infectious speaker must have a fresh point of view, their unique insights and ideas as well as deep thinking, etc., must be good with a smooth and vivid, funny and profound language and appropriate rhetoric moves people, and this is speaking of infection.
Public Speaking
Speech is the study of the occurrence and development of speech laws, and lecture methods and techniques of a social science; and is a character with the methodology of science, a highly practical science.
Presentation Skills
Speaking skills in the 4P is: Plan (Plan), Prepare (ready), Practice (continuous) and Present (speech).
Plan (Plan) are familiar with your audience, including the knowledge, experience, needs and objectives. According to what you want your audience to take action to develop really the purpose of your speech.
Imagine the way your success
Imagine your audience how to react
To encourage yourself
Prepared opening remarks to an audience demand issues related to opening
Sincere thanks
A related statistical data on the facts and evidence do
Analogy
Demonstration
Statement or reference
Event
Show
Natural transition between the different topics
Prepare a memorable end
3E 3E prepared by following the preparation, you can _set_ up their own self-confidence is the key to successful speech: Why do you get (Earn) speech rights or opportunities
Why do you love (Excite) to this topic
Why you can not wait (Eager) wanted to share with your audience your knowledge
1. What is good use of space in the speech
Space is the place means to address the scope of the speaker where it was located as well as the distance between the audience and so on. Speakers among the listeners attention to where the penalty easily the most ideal place together. For example, when meeting the President most of the top ranked conference table, because it is most likely to present the attention of the local pool.
Conversely, if the center of the President among the conference table, then the proceedings of the Conference will become then? I am afraid that will present the attention of sloppy, and there is the feeling of endless tedious meetings? Therefore, let your attention among the audience easily converge, not only to enhance the audience's attention for a speech, and even a sense of authority with enhanced reliability speaker effect.
2. A speech at the position to
Speech posture (posture) will give the audience an impression, such as upright image or timid impression. Although the individual's personality and daily habits have enormous influence, but generally speaking there is still convenient position, the so-called "relaxed posture." Let the body relax, the other hand is not too tight. Excessive tension will not only show awkward rigid posture, and movement for the tongue can also cause adverse effects.
One know-how to open your feet shoulder width, very steady throughout the body. Another way is to spread know-how and applied to reduce the tension in the body. Such as a hand into a little pocket, or touch the table, or holding a microphone and so on.
3. A speech at the line of sight
Speak in public before, that is, full view of the attention that must be endured. Of course, not every audience will respond with goodwill to your eyes. However, you still can not ignore the audience's perspective, avoiding the audience's attention to words. Especially when you come to the microphone stand next to the moment before the general public from the audience's attention and sometimes even make you feel hurt.
Overcome the pressure of the secret shares of view, is to speak on one side; side from the audience vote were looking for their own good and gentle insight. And ignore those cold eyes. In addition, his own sights on a strong "nod" to show approval of the people who carried out the consolidation of confidence in his speech also has effect.
4. Speech and facial expression
Speech and facial expression, whether good or bad will bring the audience very impressed. Tension, fatigue, joy, anxiety, and other emotions without clear to reveal the face, it is difficult to come by, I will be controlled. Even if the content of speech wonderful, if the expression always feel lack of confidence, always timid, it is easy to become convincing speech.
Control method of the face, first of all "non-nutation." Were once the "nutation" will be people "frustrated" in a sense, but if the line of sight can not be contacted with the audience, it is difficult to attract the audience's attention. Another approach is to "slow to speak." Once the speech rate is slow, you can stabilize mood, facial expressions are also able to relax, Furthermore, the whole body up and down is also poised to whom.
5. The costumes and hair
Clothing will also bring viewers a variety of impressions. In particular, the East men always like to wear gray or blue range of apparel, will inevitably give the impression of rigidity boring. The casual dress might fancy a little bit of clothing to participate. However, if a formal occasion, in general, still dark suits, men no tail dinner service (tuxedo), and the tuxedo is appropriate. Second, the hair can also create a variety of images to. Long hair and shaved head contains its own strong image, but the length of temple is also considered the characterization of personal preference. Stand the occasion of a speech, your clothes, what kind of impression of what to bring each other? Hope you good to ponder.
6. Voice and accent
Sound and tone but born, can not be improved between overnight. However, the wording of sound quality and enormous influence of the whole speech, it is true. According to a research report that low voice, male voice high-pitched than the male, the higher its reliability. Because a low voice, make people feel a kind of dignified calm. However, you still can not immediately change their voice. In short, it is important to make our voices clearly communicated to the audience. Even the sound quality of poor people, if their claims are founded on the words and belief, still keen to attract audience attention.
The speed of speech is a speech elements. To create a calm atmosphere, to speak a little slower is very important. Standards is roughly about 5 minutes 3 A4 manuscript, however, to note here is that if the same speed from beginning to end has been carried out, the audience will be sleeping.
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