演講者面對廣大聽衆，以口頭語言為主要形式、非口頭語言為輔助形式，就某一問題發表自己的意見，或闡說某一事理，並互相交流信息的真實的社會活動過程，也叫演說或講演。起一種讓人信服或明白的作用
演講的起源
由於人類社會發展的需要而産生了語言；由於語言的發展和發音器官的進化，而使有聲語言成為主要的表達方式；又由於要更加充分地表達思想感情，而把有聲語言和態勢語言有機地結合起來，這就是作為一種語言表達方式的演講的起源。
演講的性質
一、社會性 演講活動發生在社會成員之間，它是一個社會成員對其他社會成員進行宣傳鼓動活動的口語表達形式。因此，演講不衹是個體行為，還具有很強的社會性。
二、現實性 所謂現實性，是指符合客觀事物的衹是情況的性質。
三、藝術性 演講是優於一切現實的口語表現形式，它要求演講者去除一般講話中的雜亂、鬆散、平板的因素，以一種集中、凝練、富與創造色彩的面貌出現，這就是演講的藝術性。
四、綜合性 演講衹是發生在一定時間內的活動，而為這一活動，演講者要有各方面的充分準備，同時，還需要大量的組織工作與之配合。這就是演講的綜合性。
五、邏輯性 演講者思維要縝密，語言應有條理，層次分明，結構清楚，這就是演講的邏輯性。
六、針對性 演講主題應是衆所周之的問題，要註意聽衆的年齡、身份、文化程度等，這就是演講的針對性。
七、感染性 演講者要有鮮明的觀點、自己獨到的見解和看法以及深刻的思想等，要善於用流暢生動、深刻風趣的語言和恰當的修辭打動聽衆，這就是演講的感染性。
演講學
演講學是研究演講的發生和發展規律以及演講的方法和技巧的一門社會科學；並且是一門帶有方法論性質的科學，一門具有很強的實踐性的科學。
演講學的研究對象 演講學的研究對象包括三個方面。①關於演講對社會生活的作用與反作用的規律問題。諸如演講在社會生活中所處的地位及其社會作用，演講自身的特徵，以及演講自身的繼承、革新和民族演講的相互影響等等。②關於演講活動本身的規律問題。諸如演講的分類，演講的內容與形式，演講的準備階段以及演講活動的過程等等。 ③關於演講的鑒賞和批評的一般規律問題。諸如鑒賞的依據和批評的標準，如何通過鑒賞與批評推動演講自身的發展等等。上述三個方面既有各自的相對獨立性，又有相互間的依存性。說它們相對獨立，是因為每一個方面都是從某一角度出發的，說它們互相依存，是因為作為一個有機的整體，部分與部分之間存在着密切的聯繫，缺少哪個部分都將影響整體的完善性。
演講技巧
演講技巧中的4P是指：Plan(計劃)、Prepare(準備)、Practice(連續)和Present(演講)。
計劃(Plan) 熟悉你的觀衆，包括知識、經驗、需求和目的。根據你希望你聽衆采取何種行動來製定確你演講的目的。
想象你成功的樣子
想象你的觀衆如何反應
給自己打氣
準備開場白 以一個與觀衆需求相關的問題為開場白
真誠感謝
一個相關的事情 事實和證據 統計數據
類比
示範
聲明或引用
事件
展示
不同話題之間的自然過渡
準備一個令人難忘的結尾
3E準備 通過下面3E的準備，可以為自己建立自信心，是演講成功的關鍵： 為什麽你獲得(Earn)發表演講的權利或機會
為什麽你對非常喜歡(Excite)這個話題
為什麽你迫不及待地(Eager)就想與你的聽衆分享你的知識
1.何謂善用空間的演講
所謂空間就是指進行演說的場所範圍、演講者所在之處以及與聽衆間的距離等等。演說者所在之處以位居聽衆註意力容易匯集的地方最為理想。例如開會的時候、主席多半位居會議桌的上方、因為該處正是最容易匯集出席者註意力的地方。
反之，如果主席位居會議桌之正中央，則會議的進行情況會變如何呢？恐怕會使出席者註意力散漫了，且有會議冗長不休的感覺？因此，讓自己位居聽衆註意力容易匯集之處，不但能夠提升聽衆對於演講的關註，甚至具有增強演說者信賴度權威感的效果。
2.演講時的姿勢如何
演說時的姿勢（posture）也會帶給聽衆某種印象，例如堂堂正正的印象或者畏畏縮縮的印象。雖然個人的性格與平日的習慣對此影響頗巨，不過一般而言仍有方便演講的姿勢，即所謂“輕鬆的姿勢”。要讓身體放鬆，反過來說就是不要過度緊張。過度的緊張不但會表現出笨拙僵硬的姿勢，而且對於舌頭的動作也會造成不良的影響。
决竅之一是張開雙腳與肩同寬，挺穩整個身軀。另一個决竅是想辦法擴散並減輕施加在身體上的緊張情緒。例如將一隻手稍微插入口袋中，或者手觸桌邊、或者手握麥剋風等等。
3.演講時的視綫
在大衆面前說話，亦即表示必須忍受衆目睽睽的註視。當然，並非每位聽衆都會對你報以善意的眼光。儘管如此，你還是不可以漠視聽衆的眼光，避開聽衆的視綫來說話。尤其當你走到麥剋風旁邊站立在大衆面前的那一瞬間，來自聽衆的視綫有時甚至會讓你覺得刺痛。
剋服這股視綫壓力的秘决，就是一面進行演講；一面從聽衆當中找尋對於自己投以善意而溫柔眼光的人。並且無視於那些冷淡的眼光。此外，把自己的視綫投嚮強烈“點頭”以示首肯的人，對鞏固信心來進行演說也具有效果。
4.演講時的臉部表情
演講時的臉部表情無論好壞都會帶給聽衆極其深刻的印象。緊張、疲勞、喜悅、焦慮、等情緒無不清楚地表露在臉上，這是很難藉由本人的意志來加以控製的。演講的內容即使再精彩，如果表情總覺缺乏自信，老是畏畏縮縮，演講就很容易變得欠缺說服力。
控製臉部的方法，首先“不可垂頭”。人一旦“垂頭”就會予人“喪氣”之感，而且若視綫不能與聽衆接觸，就難以吸引聽衆的註意。另一個方法是“緩慢說話”。說話速度一旦緩慢，情緒即可穩定，臉部表情也得以放鬆,再者，全身上下也能夠為之泰然自若起來。
5.有關服飾和發型
服裝也會帶給觀衆各種印象。尤其是東方男性總是喜歡穿着灰色或者藍色係列的服裝，難免給人過於刻板無趣印象。輕鬆的場合不妨穿着稍微花俏一點的服裝來參加。不過如果是正式的場合，一般來說仍以深色西服、男士無尾晚宴服（tuxedo)、以及燕尾服為宜。其次，發型也可塑造出各種形象來。長發和光頭各自藴含其強烈的形象，而鬢角的長短也被認為是個人喜好的表徵。站出來演講之際，你的服裝、究竟帶給對方何種印象？希望各位好好地思量一番。
6.聲音和腔調
聲音和腔調乃是與生俱來的，不可能一朝一夕之間有所改善。不過音質與措詞對於整個演說影響頗巨，這倒是事實。根據某項研究報告指出聲音低沉的男性比聲音高亢的男性，其信賴度較高。因為聲音低沉會讓人有種威嚴沉着的感覺。儘管如此，各位還是不可能馬上就改變自己的聲音。總之，重要的是讓自己的聲音清楚地傳達給聽衆。即使是音質不好的人，如果能夠稟持自己的主張與信念的話，依舊可以吸引聽衆的熱切關註。
說話的速度也是演講的要素。為了營造沉着的氣氛，說話稍微慢點是很重要。標準大致為5分鐘三張左右的A4原稿，不過，此地要註意的是，倘若從頭至尾一直以相同的速度來進行，聽衆會睡覺的。
The speaker to face the general audience, the main form of oral language, non-verbal language is secondary forms, on an issue to express their views, or explain that a good sense, and exchanged information on the real process of social activities, also known as speech or presentation. Play a role in convincing or understand
The origin of speech
As the human development of society arising from the language; Because of language development and the evolution of speech organs, Er Shi You sound Yuyan Chengweizhuyao the Biaodafangshi; And as they have Gengjiachongfen De expression of thoughts and feelings, and the audio language He state language Youji to together, this is a language of expression as the origin of speech.
The nature of speech
First, social lecture took place in the community among the members, it is a member of society members of other social propaganda activities in the form of oral expression. Therefore, the speech is not just individual behavior, is also very social.
Second, the so-called reality reality, and is consistent with the objective nature of things, just situations.
Third, artistic presentation is better than the oral form of all reality, it requires the speaker to remove the clutter in general speech, loose, flat element, to a centralized, concise, rich colors to create the look and appear, this is the speech artistry.
4, integrated nature of speech occur only within a certain time activity, and Wei the event, speakers Yaoyou Ge Fang Mian's full preparations, it is also necessary with a large number of organizations Gongzuo 配合. This is a comprehensive presentation.
5, logical thinking should be careful speaker, language should be organized and structured, the structure clearly, this is the logic of speech.
6, specific speech topics should be known for their problems, pay attention to the audience's age, identity, education, etc. This is the speech targeted.
7, infectious speaker must have a fresh point of view, their unique insights and ideas as well as deep thinking, etc., must be good with a smooth and vivid, funny and profound language and appropriate rhetoric moves people, and this is speaking of infection.
Public Speaking
Speech is the study of the occurrence and development of speech laws, and lecture methods and techniques of a social science; and is a character with the methodology of science, a highly practical science.
Presentation Skills
Speaking skills in the 4P is: Plan (Plan), Prepare (ready), Practice (continuous) and Present (speech).
Plan (Plan) are familiar with your audience, including the knowledge, experience, needs and objectives. According to what you want your audience to take action to develop really the purpose of your speech.
Imagine the way your success
Imagine your audience how to react
To encourage yourself
Prepared opening remarks to an audience demand issues related to opening
Sincere thanks
A related statistical data on the facts and evidence do
Analogy
Demonstration
Statement or reference
Event
Show
Natural transition between the different topics
Prepare a memorable end
3E 3E prepared by following the preparation, you can _set_ up their own self-confidence is the key to successful speech: Why do you get (Earn) speech rights or opportunities
Why do you love (Excite) to this topic
Why you can not wait (Eager) wanted to share with your audience your knowledge
1. What is good use of space in the speech
Space is the place means to address the scope of the speaker where it was located as well as the distance between the audience and so on. Speakers among the listeners attention to where the penalty easily the most ideal place together. For example, when meeting the President most of the top ranked conference table, because it is most likely to present the attention of the local pool.
Conversely, if the center of the President among the conference table, then the proceedings of the Conference will become then? I am afraid that will present the attention of sloppy, and there is the feeling of endless tedious meetings? Therefore, let your attention among the audience easily converge, not only to enhance the audience's attention for a speech, and even a sense of authority with enhanced reliability speaker effect.
2. A speech at the position to
Speech posture (posture) will give the audience an impression, such as upright image or timid impression. Although the individual's personality and daily habits have enormous influence, but generally speaking there is still convenient position, the so-called "relaxed posture." Let the body relax, the other hand is not too tight. Excessive tension will not only show awkward rigid posture, and movement for the tongue can also cause adverse effects.
One know-how to open your feet shoulder width, very steady throughout the body. Another way is to spread know-how and applied to reduce the tension in the body. Such as a hand into a little pocket, or touch the table, or holding a microphone and so on.
3. A speech at the line of sight
Speak in public before, that is, full view of the attention that must be endured. Of course, not every audience will respond with goodwill to your eyes. However, you still can not ignore the audience's perspective, avoiding the audience's attention to words. Especially when you come to the microphone stand next to the moment before the general public from the audience's attention and sometimes even make you feel hurt.
Overcome the pressure of the secret shares of view, is to speak on one side; side from the audience vote were looking for their own good and gentle insight. And ignore those cold eyes. In addition, his own sights on a strong "nod" to show approval of the people who carried out the consolidation of confidence in his speech also has effect.
4. Speech and facial expression
Speech and facial expression, whether good or bad will bring the audience very impressed. Tension, fatigue, joy, anxiety, and other emotions without clear to reveal the face, it is difficult to come by, I will be controlled. Even if the content of speech wonderful, if the expression always feel lack of confidence, always timid, it is easy to become convincing speech.
Control method of the face, first of all "non-nutation." Were once the "nutation" will be people "frustrated" in a sense, but if the line of sight can not be contacted with the audience, it is difficult to attract the audience's attention. Another approach is to "slow to speak." Once the speech rate is slow, you can stabilize mood, facial expressions are also able to relax, Furthermore, the whole body up and down is also poised to whom.
5. The costumes and hair
Clothing will also bring viewers a variety of impressions. In particular, the East men always like to wear gray or blue range of apparel, will inevitably give the impression of rigidity boring. The casual dress might fancy a little bit of clothing to participate. However, if a formal occasion, in general, still dark suits, men no tail dinner service (tuxedo), and the tuxedo is appropriate. Second, the hair can also create a variety of images to. Long hair and shaved head contains its own strong image, but the length of temple is also considered the characterization of personal preference. Stand the occasion of a speech, your clothes, what kind of impression of what to bring each other? Hope you good to ponder.
6. Voice and accent
Sound and tone but born, can not be improved between overnight. However, the wording of sound quality and enormous influence of the whole speech, it is true. According to a research report that low voice, male voice high-pitched than the male, the higher its reliability. Because a low voice, make people feel a kind of dignified calm. However, you still can not immediately change their voice. In short, it is important to make our voices clearly communicated to the audience. Even the sound quality of poor people, if their claims are founded on the words and belief, still keen to attract audience attention.
The speed of speech is a speech elements. To create a calm atmosphere, to speak a little slower is very important. Standards is roughly about 5 minutes 3 A4 manuscript, however, to note here is that if the same speed from beginning to end has been carried out, the audience will be sleeping.
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