1.以记叙人物、事件、景物为主的散文，称为记叙散文。
记叙散文叙事较完整，写人人物形象鲜明，描写景物倾注作者的情感。这类散文与短篇小说相似，但又有明显的区别。就叙事而言，散文所述的事件不要求情节完整，更不追求曲折变化，而小说对叙事的要求要较散文高得多；另外，散文在叙事的时候需要饱蘸情感，小说的情感则主要由人物体现出来，不须作者明确抒发。就写人而言，小说要求努力塑造典型人物形象，典型人物是作者虚构出来的。而散文中的人物则是在真人真事的基础上，进行某些剪裁加工，注重对人物进行写意式的描绘。
根据该类散文内容的侧重点不同，又可将它区分为记事散文和写人散文。
偏重于记事的散文以事件发展为线索，偏重对事件的叙述。它可以是一个有头有尾的故事，如许地山的《落花生》，也可以是几个片断的剪辑，如鲁迅的《从百草园到三味书屋》。在叙事中倾注作者真挚的感情，这是与小说叙事最显著的区别。
偏重于记人的散文，全篇以人物为中心。它往往抓住人物的性格特征作粗线条勾勒，偏重表现人物的基本气质、性格和精神面貌，如鲁迅《藤野先生》。人物形象是否真实是它与小说的区别。
另外，这类散文中还有一种偏重于描写景物的一类，这种散文描写一地的景物，除一些风土志以外，主要是游记性散文。它的内容十分广泛，山川景色、风俗民情、名胜古迹都属记游范围。游记散文最主要的特点是：作品所描写的景物必须完全真实，不允许夸饰和虚构；但又不是照相似的实录，而是作者融情于物，达到情景交融。
2.主要用以抒发作者主观情感的散文叫抒情散文。
富有情感是所有散文的共同特征，但与其他散文相比，抒情散文情感更强想象更丰富，语言更具有诗意。
抒情散文主要用象征、比兴、拟人等方法，通过对外在形象的描绘来传达作者的情思，因此借景抒情和托物言志是这类散文最常用的手法。而直抒胸臆的方法，在文章中可以出现，但通篇用此一法者并不多见。
托物言志式散文，即象征性散文，作者将情感融于某个具有象征意义的具体事物，借助象形联想或意蕴联想把主观情感表现出来。如杨朔的多数散文，矛盾的《白杨礼赞》等。
借景抒情的散文，将感情寓于景物之中，赋景物以生命，明写景，暗写情，做到情景交融，情景相生。如朱自清的《荷塘月色》、刘白羽的《日出》等。
⒊议论性散文
以发表议论为主的散文称为议论散文。
它与抒情散文一样注重情感的抒发，不同的是议论散文重于理智，抒情散文重于感情。
它又不同于一般的议论文，用事实和逻辑来说理，而主要用文学形象来说话，是一种文艺性的议论文。
它既有生动的形象，又有严密的逻辑；既要以情动人，又要以理服人；融形、情、理于一炉，合政论与文艺于一体。鲁迅先生的杂文、陶铸的《松树的风格》等都是典型的议论散文。
1. To narrative characters, events, scene-based prose, called narrative prose.
A more complete narrative prose narrative, write characters clear description of the emotional scene pour. Similar type of prose and short stories, but there are obvious differences. The narrative, the events described in prose does not require the full plot, much less the pursuit of twists and turns, while the novel demands of the narrative to be much higher than the prose; In addition, the time required in the narrative prose magic of emotion, the emotions in the novel mainly reflected by the figures do not need to explicitly express the author. To write, the novel demands to shape the image of the typical characters, typical character is the author of fiction. The prose in the figure is based on the true story, for some of the cutting process, focusing on the characters to depict impressionistic style.
According to the content of these essays focus is different it can be divided into notebook and write prose essays.
Emphasis on the prose notes of events as clues, emphasis on the events described. It is a story from beginning to end, such as Xu Shan's "Peanuts" is also a few pieces of clip, such as Lu Xun's "From Herbs to Sanweishuwu." Pour in the narrative of the feelings of sincere, this is the most significant narrative difference.
Emphasis on the mind's prose, the characters as the center of the whole article. It is often seize people's character traits as broad-brush outline, emphasizing the performance of the basic character qualities, personality and mental outlook, such as Lu Xun, "Fujino." Character is the real difference between it and the novel.
In addition, these essays there is a bias towards a class describing the scene, this essay describes the scene in one place, in addition to a number other than an endemic Chi, mainly travels prose. It has a very wide range of mountain landscapes, customs, monuments are considered the scope of Travel. Travel Prose main features are: works depicted scenes must be completely true, not allowed to hyperbole and fiction; but not the camera like a memoir, but the financial situation of the property, to the scenes.
2. Mainly to express the subjective feelings of the prose of lyrical prose called.
Full of emotion is a common feature of all the prose, but in comparison with other prose, lyrical prose to imagine a richer feeling stronger, more poetic language.
Lyrical prose is mainly used symbol, metaphor, personification and other methods, described by the external image to convey the author's feeling, emotion and trust, therefore, by King of statement is the most commonly used methods such prose. Willing to speak one's mind while the method may appear in the article, but throughout the use of this law are rare.
Chi-style prose the Things, that is symbolic prose, the author of emotional and into a symbolic concrete, with pictographic meaning Lenovo Lenovo or shown to the subjective feelings. If the majority of prose Yang Shuo, contradictory "White Poplar" and so on.
By King lyrical prose, the emotional scenes among resides, Fu scene to life, clearly describe the scenery, dark love to write, to do the scenes and scenarios with students. If Ziqing's "Lotus Pond", Liu Baiyu's "Sunrise" and so on.
⒊ argumentative essays
To make statements based prose as prose discussion.
Lyrical prose with the same emphasis on emotional expression, a different emphasis on the rational argumentative prose, lyrical prose is more important than feelings.
It is different from the arguments, arguments with facts and logic, but mainly to talk with a literary figure, is a theatrical nature of argumentation.
It has the vivid image, but also strict logic; both to move people, but also reasoning; financial shape, feeling, reason in a furnace, combined political commentary with art in one. Lu Xun's essay, Tao Zhu's "pine style", which are typical comments prose.
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