1.以記敘人物、事件、景物為主的散文，稱為記敘散文。
記敘散文敘事較完整，寫人人物形象鮮明，描寫景物傾註作者的情感。這類散文與短篇小說相似，但又有明顯的區別。就敘事而言，散文所述的事件不要求情節完整，更不追求麯折變化，而小說對敘事的要求要較散文高得多；另外，散文在敘事的時候需要飽蘸情感，小說的情感則主要由人物體現出來，不須作者明確抒發。就寫人而言，小說要求努力塑造典型人物形象，典型人物是作者虛構出來的。而散文中的人物則是在真人真事的基礎上，進行某些剪裁加工，註重對人物進行寫意式的描繪。
根據該類散文內容的側重點不同，又可將它區分為記事散文和寫人散文。
偏重於記事的散文以事件發展為綫索，偏重對事件的敘述。它可以是一個有頭有尾的故事，如許地山的《落花生》，也可以是幾個片斷的剪輯，如魯迅的《從百草園到三味書屋》。在敘事中傾註作者真摯的感情，這是與小說敘事最顯著的區別。
偏重於記人的散文，全篇以人物為中心。它往往抓住人物的性格特徵作粗綫條勾勒，偏重表現人物的基本氣質、性格和精神面貌，如魯迅《藤野先生》。人物形象是否真實是它與小說的區別。
另外，這類散文中還有一種偏重於描寫景物的一類，這種散文描寫一地的景物，除一些風土志以外，主要是遊記性散文。它的內容十分廣泛，山川景色、風俗民情、名勝古跡都屬記遊範圍。遊記散文最主要的特點是：作品所描寫的景物必須完全真實，不允許誇飾和虛構；但又不是照相似的實錄，而是作者融情於物，達到情景交融。
2.主要用以抒發作者主觀情感的散文叫抒情散文。
富有情感是所有散文的共同特徵，但與其他散文相比，抒情散文情感更強想象更豐富，語言更具有詩意。
抒情散文主要用象徵、比興、擬人等方法，通過對外在形象的描繪來傳達作者的情思，因此藉景抒情和托物言志是這類散文最常用的手法。而直抒胸臆的方法，在文章中可以出現，但通篇用此一法者並不多見。
托物言志式散文，即象徵性散文，作者將情感融於某個具有象徵意義的具體事物，藉助象形聯想或意藴聯想把主觀情感表現出來。如楊朔的多數散文，矛盾的《白楊禮贊》等。
藉景抒情的散文，將感情寓於景物之中，賦景物以生命，明寫景，暗寫情，做到情景交融，情景相生。如朱自清的《荷塘月色》、劉白羽的《日出》等。
⒊議論性散文
以發表議論為主的散文稱為議論散文。
它與抒情散文一樣註重情感的抒發，不同的是議論散文重於理智，抒情散文重於感情。
它又不同於一般的議論文，用事實和邏輯來說理，而主要用文學形象來說話，是一種文藝性的議論文。
它既有生動的形象，又有嚴密的邏輯；既要以情動人，又要以理服人；融形、情、理於一爐，合政論與文藝於一體。魯迅先生的雜文、陶鑄的《松樹的風格》等都是典型的議論散文。
1. To narrative characters, events, scene-based prose, called narrative prose.
A more complete narrative prose narrative, write characters clear description of the emotional scene pour. Similar type of prose and short stories, but there are obvious differences. The narrative, the events described in prose does not require the full plot, much less the pursuit of twists and turns, while the novel demands of the narrative to be much higher than the prose; In addition, the time required in the narrative prose magic of emotion, the emotions in the novel mainly reflected by the figures do not need to explicitly express the author. To write, the novel demands to shape the image of the typical characters, typical character is the author of fiction. The prose in the figure is based on the true story, for some of the cutting process, focusing on the characters to depict impressionistic style.
According to the content of these essays focus is different it can be divided into notebook and write prose essays.
Emphasis on the prose notes of events as clues, emphasis on the events described. It is a story from beginning to end, such as Xu Shan's "Peanuts" is also a few pieces of clip, such as Lu Xun's "From Herbs to Sanweishuwu." Pour in the narrative of the feelings of sincere, this is the most significant narrative difference.
Emphasis on the mind's prose, the characters as the center of the whole article. It is often seize people's character traits as broad-brush outline, emphasizing the performance of the basic character qualities, personality and mental outlook, such as Lu Xun, "Fujino." Character is the real difference between it and the novel.
In addition, these essays there is a bias towards a class describing the scene, this essay describes the scene in one place, in addition to a number other than an endemic Chi, mainly travels prose. It has a very wide range of mountain landscapes, customs, monuments are considered the scope of Travel. Travel Prose main features are: works depicted scenes must be completely true, not allowed to hyperbole and fiction; but not the camera like a memoir, but the financial situation of the property, to the scenes.
2. Mainly to express the subjective feelings of the prose of lyrical prose called.
Full of emotion is a common feature of all the prose, but in comparison with other prose, lyrical prose to imagine a richer feeling stronger, more poetic language.
Lyrical prose is mainly used symbol, metaphor, personification and other methods, described by the external image to convey the author's feeling, emotion and trust, therefore, by King of statement is the most commonly used methods such prose. Willing to speak one's mind while the method may appear in the article, but throughout the use of this law are rare.
Chi-style prose the Things, that is symbolic prose, the author of emotional and into a symbolic concrete, with pictographic meaning Lenovo Lenovo or shown to the subjective feelings. If the majority of prose Yang Shuo, contradictory "White Poplar" and so on.
By King lyrical prose, the emotional scenes among resides, Fu scene to life, clearly describe the scenery, dark love to write, to do the scenes and scenarios with students. If Ziqing's "Lotus Pond", Liu Baiyu's "Sunrise" and so on.
⒊ argumentative essays
To make statements based prose as prose discussion.
Lyrical prose with the same emphasis on emotional expression, a different emphasis on the rational argumentative prose, lyrical prose is more important than feelings.
It is different from the arguments, arguments with facts and logic, but mainly to talk with a literary figure, is a theatrical nature of argumentation.
It has the vivid image, but also strict logic; both to move people, but also reasoning; financial shape, feeling, reason in a furnace, combined political commentary with art in one. Lu Xun's essay, Tao Zhu's "pine style", which are typical comments prose.
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