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南美洲 South America 中美洲 Central America 北美洲 North America |
| nán měi zhōu South America guógūdàimǎ: |
 南美洲nán měi zhōu miàn jī dá 17,840,000 píng fāng gōng lǐ， zhàn dì qiú biǎo miàn de 3.5%。 zhí dào 2005 nián， nán měi zhōu rén kǒu yǐ yòu 371,000,000， shì jiè pái míng dì sì（ dì yī shì yà zhōu， dì 'èr shì fēi zhōu， zhī hòu shì běi měi zhōu）。 dì lǐ dì xíng nán měi zhōu yōng yòu duō yàng huà de dì xíng， yòu mián cháng gāo sǒng de zhé qū shān dì、 gǔ lǎo de jié jīng gāo dì、 hé liú chōng jī de píng yuán jí pén dì。 zhé qū shān mài cóng mò xī gē gāo yuán yán shēn zhì 'ān dì sī shān mài； gǔ lǎo de jié jīng yán céng zé wèi yú bā xī gāo yuán、 guī yà nà gāo dì， fù hán jīn shǔ kuàng chǎn， zhì lì de tóng kuàng yě wèi zài gǔ lǎo dì zhì zhōng。 hé liú chōng jī de píng yuán yòu 'ào lì nuò kē pén dì、 yà mǎ sūn pén dì、 lā bù lā tā píng yuán、 péng bā cǎo yuán。 ān dì sī shān mài ān dì sī shān mài nán běi cháng 6400 gōng lǐ， zuì gāo shān wéi 'ā kōng jiā guā shān， gāo 6962 mǐ， zōng héng wěi nèi ruì lā、 gē lún bǐ yà、 è guā duō 'ěr、 bìlǔ、 bō lì wéi yà、 zhì lì、 ā gēn tíng qī guó。 nán duàn 'ān dì sī shān mài yòu shù pái píng xíng de kē dí lè lā shān mài， píng jūn hǎi bá yuē 3350~3900 mǐ， qí shàng yòu 'ā tǎ kǎ mǎ gāo yuán。 zhōng duàn 'ān dì sī shān mài yuē zài bō lì wéi yà de guó tǔ shàng， píng jūn hǎi bá 3000~3600 mǐ， fēn wéi dōng、 xī liǎng zhī， qí jiān yòu bō bō hú hé dídí kā kā hú。 zài bìlǔ yě fēn chéng xǔ duō zhī shān mài， qí shàng yòu xǔ duō huó huǒ shān， bāo kuò qīn bó lā suǒ huǒ shān (6310 mǐ )、 kē tuō bó xī huǒ shān (5896 mǐ ) děng。 zài gē lún bǐ yà fēn wéi sān zhī， zuì hòu zhuànxiàng dōng běi de wěi nèi ruì lā， xíng chéng měi lǐ dá shān mài。 guī yà nà gāo dì guī yà nà gāo dì wéi wěi nèi ruì lā dōng nán bù de dī 'ǎi tái dì， yě wéi gǔ lǎo de jié jīng dì xíng， xiàng dōng nán yán shēn dào guī yà nà、 sū lǐ nán jí bā xī běi bù。 qí jiān yòu xǔ duō duàn yá pù bù， shì jiè zuì gāo de 'ān qí 'ér pù bù jí wèi zài cǐ chù。 yà mǎ sūn pén dì yà mǎ sūn pén dì yóu yà mǎ sūn hé chōng jī 'ér chéng， shǔ yú rè dài yǔ lín qì hòu， bù shì rén jū， wéi shì jiè zuì dà de rè dài yǔ lín， yòu dì qiú zhī fèi de chēng hào， miàn jī yuē 650 wàn píng fāng gōng lǐ。 bā xī gāo yuán wéi yī gǔ lǎo de jié jīng yán céng， chǎn yòu shù zhǒng kuàng chǎn， wèi zài bā xī dōng bù， qí dōng nán bù yòu bā xī zhù yào dà chéng。 lā bù lā tā píng yuán yóu lā bù lā tā hé chōng jī 'ér chéng， cóng 'ā gēn tíng yán shēn zhì bā lā guī jí wū lā guī。 xī lín 'ān dì sī shān mài， dōng běi jiē bā xī gāo yuán。 bā tǎ gē ní yà gāo yuán wéi nán měi zhōu zuì nán duān de shān mài qún， shǔ yú gāo dì qì hòu， qí dōng biān wéi shù tiáo hé liú de fā yuán dì， yuán běn fù gài de dà piàn sēn lín xiàn zài duō kāi fā wéi mù chǎng。 hé liú jí húpō nán měi zhōu shàng yòu shù tiáo hé liú， jiào wéi zhù míng de yòu yà mǎ sūn hé、 ào lì nuò kē hé jí lā bù lā tā hé； zhù yào húpō zé yòu dídí kā kā hú hé mǎ lā kāi bō hú ( xì hú )。 yà mǎ sūn hé wéi shì jiè liú liàng、 liú yù zuì dà jí dì 'èr cháng hé， fā yuán dì yuē 'ān dì sī shān mài yǐ dōng 150 gōng lǐ， hé dào wān qū bù duàn， yòu xǔ duō fēn zhī， zuì hòu huì jí dào mǎ lā ruò dǎo。 hé cháng yòu liǎng zhǒng suàn fǎ， yī shì cóng láo lǐ kē chá hú ( mǎ dí lā hé yuán tóu ) suàn qǐ， yuē cháng 6280 gōng lǐ。 lìng yī shì cóng bǐ lā fú luó hú suàn qǐ， yuē cháng 6449 gōng lǐ。 dídí kā kā hú wéi shì jiè zuì gāo de húpō， hǎi bá 3812 mǐ， miàn jī 8290 píng fāng gōng lǐ， cháng yuē 177 gōng lǐ， kuān yuē 56 gōng lǐ， zuì shēn chù 475 mǐ， yóu qiū kuí tuō hú hé wéi ní yà mǎ kǎ hú zǔ chéng， dōng nán 'àn wéi yìn jiā dì guó de xíng gōng。 mǎ lā kāi bō hú wèi yú wěi nèi ruì lā jìng nèi， yóu tǎ fū lā suǒ wān hé wěi nèi ruì lā xiāng lián， cháng yuē 210 gōng lǐ， miàn jī yuē píng fāng 13210 gōng lǐ。 qì hòu nán měi zhōu zuì kuān guǎng de dì qū jiē jìn chì dào， wēn dài lù dì miàn jī jiào xiǎo， yǐ zhì wēn dài fàn wéi xiǎo、 rè dài fàn wéi dà。 yà mǎ sūn pén dì jí guī yà nà gāo dì dōng bù shǔ rè dài yǔ lín qì hòu。 ào lì nuò kē pén dì、 guī yà nà gāo dì xī bù jí bā xī gāo yuán zé shǔ rè dài cǎo yuán qì hòu。 ān dì sī shān mài quán shǔ gāo dì qì hòu。 bìlǔ、 zhì lì běi bù yīn gāo yā bèi dōng nán xìn fēng jí bìlǔ liáng liú yǐng xiǎng， xíng chéng rè dài shā mò qì hòu。 zhì lì zhōng bù zé wéi xià gān dōng yǔ de dì zhōng hǎi xíng qì hòu。 zhì lì nán bù shǔ wēn dài wēn dài hǎi yáng xìng qì hòu。 lā bù lā tā píng yuán dōng bù wéi xià yǔ xíng shī rùn qì hòu。 péng bā cǎo yuán shǔ wēn dài cǎo yuán qì hòu。 bā tǎ gē ní yà gāo yuán yīn bèi xī fēng 'ér xíng chéng wēn dài shā mò qì hòu。 jīng jì nán měi zhōu yōng yòu duō yàng de huán jìng zī yuán， dàn shòu zhí mín dì shì jīng jì yǔ dà dì zhù zhì yǐng xiǎng， dú lì hòu bìng wèi chū xiàn jīng jì jīng jì qǐ fēi de xiàn xiàng， duō wéi kāi fā zhōng guó jiā。 dà dì zhù zhì yīn dà dì zhù shēng chǎn guī mó dà， shōu rù duō； jìng zhēng lì ruò de xiǎo nóng hù zé shēng huó pín kùn。 zào chéng shè huì pín fù chā jù kuò dà。 wéi bì miǎn yǔ zhí mín mǔ guó lì yì xiāng dǐ chù， nán měi zhōu gōng yè fā zhǎn shòu xiàn， jǐn néng shū chū lián jià de nóng、 mù、 kuàng děng yuán liào， qiě gāo jià de gōng yè chǎn pǐn yóu yú shòu dào zhí mín dì shì jīng jì yǐng xiǎng， nán měi zhōu réng yǐ chū kǒu dì yī jí chǎn pǐn wéi zhù， dān yī huà de chǎn pǐn， yì shòu guó jì jià gé bō dòng yǐng xiǎng， shǐ nán měi zhōu jīng jì bù wěn dìng， qiě wéi yīn yìng guó jì shì chǎng xū qiú， duō zhǒng zhí jīng jì zuò wù， xǔ duō guó jiā xū jìn kǒu liáng shí， dǎo zhì nóng yè fā zhǎn shī héng。 nán měi zhōu shí 'èr gè guó jiā jūn jiā rù nán měi zhōu guó jiā lián méng， lián méng zǒng bù jiāng shè yú 'è guā duō 'ěr shǒu dū jī duō、 yì huì shè yú bō lì wéi yà de kē qià bān bā， ér nán měi zhōu yín xíng jiāng shè yú wěi nèi ruì lā shǒu dū kǎ lā kǎ sī， yù dìng yú 2014 nián hé 2019 nián qián qǔ xiāo fēi mǐn gǎn shāng pǐn hé mǐn gǎn shāng pǐn de guān shuì。 nóng yè nán měi zhōu de nóng yè shǔ yú zhí mín dì shì nóng yè， pǐn zhǒng dān yī huà， dà guī mó zhòngzhí， qí shāng pǐn jià gé yì shòu shì chǎng bō dòng， zào chéng nán měi zhōu guó jiā wài zhài pǔ biàn piān gāo。 qí nóng yè yòu shù zhǒng zuò wù， jīng jì zuò wù yòu xiàng jiāo、 hú jiāo、 mián huā、 yān cǎo、 kě kě、 gān zhè、 kā fēi、 xiāng jiāo、 huáng dòu děng； liáng shí zuò wù yòu dào mǐ、 xiǎo mài、 yù mǐ、 fān shǔ děng。 xiàng jiāo chǎn dì wèi zài yà mǎ sūn hé zhōng duàn。 hú jiāo zé chǎn zài yà mǎ sūn hé de tuō kǎn tíng sī hé fēn zhī。 wěi nèi ruì lā chǎn kā fēi、 kě kě、 yù mǐ、 yān cǎo、 gān zhè。 gē lún bǐ yà chǎn kā fēi、 xiāng jiāo、 mián huā、 gān zhè、 yù mǐ、 dào mǐ、 huáng dòu、 xiǎo mài。 bā xī chǎn mián huā、 yān cǎo、 shù shǔ、 kě kě、 gān zhè、 kā fēi、 dào mǐ、 xiāng jiāo、 xiǎo mài、 huáng dòu。 bìlǔ chǎn mián huā、 dào mǐ、 gān zhè、 mǎ líng shǔ。 bō lì wéi yà chǎn gān zhè、 dào mǐ、 mián huā、 mǎ líng shǔ。 zhì lì zhòngzhí gān zhè、 mián huā、 xiǎo mài、 yù mǐ、 jí dì zhōng hǎi xíng qì hòu shū guǒ ( pú táo、 gān jú、 gǎn lǎn、 wú huā guǒ )。 xùmù yè xùmù yè suǒ xū de tǔ dì jiào dà， jǐn zài bā xī、 ā gēn tíng、 wěi nèi ruì lā， gē lún bǐ yà wú míng xiǎn de xùmù yè。 kuàng chǎn chú liǎo 'ān dì sī shān mài shǔ yú xīn xí qū shān mài， jiào wú kuàng chǎn， qí tā qū kuài zé duō yòu kuàng chǎn， zhǒng lèi kě dá shí duō zhǒng， qí zhōng bā xī de rè dài yǔ lín shǎo yòu kāi fā。 bā xī chǎn tiě、 měng、 niè、 yóu、 jīn kuàng hé bǎo shí jí lǚ fán tǔ； ā gēn tíng chǎn méi、 jīn、 yín、 tóng、 tiě、 pí、 wū、 měng、 yóu、 shí huī、 yún mǔ kuàng jí shí yóu hé tiān rán qì； bìlǔ chǎn jīn、 yín、 xīn、 tóng、 qiān、 tiě kuàng jí shí yóu； zhì lì chǎn jīn、 yín、 tóng、 tiě、 méi kuàng jí xiāo shí； wěi nèi ruì lā chǎn jīn、 tóng、 tiě、 niè、 měng kuàng jí lǚ fán tǔ hé shí yóu； bō lì wéi yà chǎn jīn、 yín ( xiàn yǐ kū jié )、 xī、 wū、 tiě、 qiān kuàng jí shí yóu hé tiān rán qì； gē lún bǐ yà chǎn jīn、 yín、 bó ( bái jīn )、 lǜ bǎo shí、 niè、 méi kuàng hé shí yóu jí tiān rán qì。 gōng yè xiàn zài de nán měi zhōu yóu yú shòu dào zǎo qī zhí mín zhě de yā pò， gōng yè qǐ bù de jiào màn， xiàn zài bìng wèi chū xiàn gāo kē jì chǎn yè。 bā xī zhù yào gōng yè yòu gāng tiě zhì zào yè、 huà xué gōng yè、 shí yóu huà xué gōng yè、 jī xiè gōng yè、 fǎng zhì yè、 shuǐ ní yè、 qì chē gōng yè； ā gēn tíng zhù yào gōng yè wéi shuǐ ní yè、 féi liào yè、 gāng tiě yè、 sù jiāo yè、 zào zhǐ yè、 fǎng zhì yè、 mó tuō chē gōng yè； bìlǔ zhù yào gōng yè wéi gāng tiě zhì zào yè、 qì chē zhì zào、 lún tāi yè、 shuǐ ní yè、 máo fǎng zhì yè； zhì lì zhù yào gōng yè wéi gāng tiě zhì zào yè、 zào zhǐ yè、 xiān wéi sù zhì zào yè； wěi nèi ruì lā zhù yào gōng yè shì shuǐ ní yè、 gāng tiě zhì zào yè、 huà xué gōng yè、 zào chuán jí zào chē yè； gē lún bǐ yà zhù yào gōng yè yòu fǎng zhì yè、 pí gé yè、 huà xué gōng yè。 wén huà yǔ yǔ yán nán měi zhōu de wén huà yuán yǐ yìn dì 'ān rén de wén huà wéi zhù， ōu zhōu zhí mín zhě yú yìn dì 'ān rén dà liàng sǐ wáng hòu yǐn jìn hēi nú yǐ bǔ chōng láo lì， shǐ běn qū xuè tǒng fù zá。 yīn xī bān yá jí pú táo yá dài lái de lā dīng wén huà cháng qī jū zhù dǎo dì wèi， gù nán měi zhōu cháng bèi chēng lā dīng měi zhōu， dàn yìn dì 'ān wén huà bìng wèi xiāo shī， qiě róng rù fēi zhōu hēi rén wén huà， wén huà jiān bǐ cǐ chōng tū yǔ róng hé， xíng chéng hé chéng wén huà， shǐ nán měi zhōu de wén huà gèng jiā fēng fù。 nán měi zhōu zhù yào yǔ yán : lǜ sè --- xī bān yá yǔ ; jú sè --- pú táo yá yǔ ; lán sè --- fǎ yǔ yóu yú cháng qī zhí mín dì， gè guó guān fāng yǔ yán duō shǔ zhí mín mǔ guó de yǔ yán， dàn shǎo shù rú kuí jiā yǔ、 guā lā ní yǔ ( bā lā guī ) réng rán cún zài。 nán měi zhōu dà duō shù guó jiā de guān fāng yǔ yán wéi xī bān yá yǔ， qí tā rú bā xī wéi pú táo yá yǔ， guī yà nà wéi yīng yǔ， sū lǐ nán wéi hé lán yǔ， fǎ shǔ guī yà nà zé wéi fǎ yǔ。 tiān rán zāi hài nán měi zhōu zhù yào shòu dào sān dà zāi hài de qīn xí， fēn bié shì dì zhèn、 huǒ shān bào fā hé 'è 'ěr ní nuò xiàn xiàng， zào chéng rén lèi shāng wáng、 cái wù sǔn shī děng shì jiàn， duì yī gè guó jiā de yǐng xiǎng bù róng xiǎo qù。 dì zhèn jí huǒ shān bào fā nán měi zhōu de zào shān yùn dòng shì yóu nán měi zhōu bǎn kuài hé nà cí kǎ hǎi bǎn kuài xiāng hù jǐ yā 'ér chéng， xíng chéng 'ān dì sī shān mài， shǔ xīn xí qū shān mài， qí shàng yòu fēn bù xǔ duō huó huǒ shān。 jìn yī bǎi wǔ shí nián lái fā shēng sì cì zhòng dà dì zhèn， dì yī cì wéi 1868 nián fā shēng zài 'è guā duō 'ěr jí gē lún bǐ yà de dà dì zhèn， sǐ shāng rén shù yuē 70000 rén； dì 'èr cì fā shēng zài wǎ 'ěr pà lāi suǒ（ zhì lì）， dì zhèn qiáng dù wéi ruì shì guī mó 8.6， sǐ shāng rén shù 20000 rén， fā shēng zài 1906 nián； dì sān cì fā shēng zài qí lián（ zhì lì）， dì zhèn qiáng dù wéi ruì shì guī mó 7.8， sǐ shāng 30000 rén， fā shēng zài 1939 nián； dì sì cì fā shēng zài qīn bó tè（ bìlǔ）， dì zhèn qiáng dù wéi ruì shì guī mó 7.7， sǐ shāng 66000 rén， fā shēng zài 1970 nián。 zhù yào huǒ shān réng cún yòu shù zuò。 nán měi zhōu zuì gāo de 'ā kōng jiā guā shān， wèi zài 'ā gēn tíng， hǎi bá 6960 mǐ， wéi sǐ huǒ shān。 lìng yòu yóu yé yà kē huǒ shān， wèi zài zhì lì、 ā gēn tíng biān jìng， hǎi bá 6723 mǐ， wéi sǐ huǒ shān。 yìn jiā wǎ xī fēng， wèi zài zhì lì、 ā gēn tíng biān jìng， hǎi bá 6709 mǐ。 qīng pō lā suǒ shān， wèi zài 'è guā duō 'ěr， hǎi bá 6310 mǐ， shǔ xiū huǒ shān。 gē duō bó xī fēng， wèi yú 'è guā duō 'ěr jìng nèi， hǎi bá 5896 mǐ， shǔ huó huǒ shān； lǔ yī sī huǒ shān， wèi zài gē lún bǐ yà jìng nèi， hǎi bá 5399 mǐ， wéi huó huǒ shān； sāng gài huǒ shān， wèi zài 'è guā duō 'ěr， hǎi bá 5230 mǐ， shǔ huó huǒ shān； tōng gǔ lā wǎ huǒ shān， zài 'è guā duō 'ěr jìng nèi， hǎi bá 5016 mǐ， shǔ xiū huǒ shān； pí qīn chá shān， zài 'è guā duō 'ěr， hǎi bá 4794 mǐ， shǔ huó huǒ shān。 1997 nián 12 yuè 'è 'ěr ní nuò xiàn xiàng guān cè dào de hǎi miàn wēn dù fēn bù tú， kě yǐ kàn chū dōng tài píng yáng chì dào fù jìn de hǎi shuǐ wēn dù bǐ píng cháng shàng shēng liǎo wǔ dù yǐ shàng。 è 'ěr ní nuò xiàn xiàng è 'ěr ní nuò xiàn xiàng fā shēng shí， yīn xìn fēng jiǎn ruò， ér jí qiáng fēng jiāng rè dài nuǎn liú jǐ xiàng nán měi yán 'àn， shuǐ wēn shēng gāo， nán měi xī 'àn yǒng shēng liú jiǎn ruò shèn zhì xiāo shī， tí yú xiàng nán mì shí， yú qún jiǎn shǎo， yú yú chǎng zhōng mì shí de hǎi niǎo jiǎn shǎo， zuò wéi lín féi zhòng yào yuán liào de niǎo fèn céng yì jiǎn shǎo， duì dāng dì jū mín zào chéng jīng jì sǔn shī。 nán měi zhōu xī 'àn yóu gān zào zhuǎn wéi cháo shī， bìlǔ jí zhì lì jiē céng yīn cǐ chū xiàn hǎn jiàn de dà hóng shuǐ， zào chéng xǔ duō rén shāng wáng， cái wù sǔn shī nán yǐ gū jì。 huán jìng gǎi biàn hòu， xǔ duō wén chóng、 lǎo shǔ děng bìng méi zēng jiā， sàn bù dēng gé rè、 shǔ yì、 nüè jí děng chuán rǎn bìng。 nán měi zhōu guó jiā hé dì qū yǐ xià liè chū nán měi zhōu suǒ yòu guó jiā hé dì qū。 guó jiā ↓ rén kǒu mì dù （ /sq.km）↓ miàn jī （ sq.km）↓ rén kǒu （ 2002-07-01est.）↓ guān fāng yǔ yán↓ è guā duō 'ěr 47 283,560 13,447,494 xī bān yá yǔ gē lún bǐ yà 36 1,138,910 41,008,227 xī bān yá yǔ wěi nèi ruì lā 27 912,050 24,287,670 xī bān yá yǔ bìlǔ 22 1,285,220 27,949,639 xī bān yá yǔ bā xī 21 8,511,965 176,029,560 pú táo yá yǔ zhì lì 20 756,950 15,498,930 xī bān yá yǔ wū lā guī 19 176,220 3,386,575 xī bān yá yǔ bā lā guī 14 406,750 5,884,491 xī bān yá yǔ、 guā lā ní yǔ ā gēn tíng 14 2,766,890 37,812,817 xī bān yá yǔ bō lì wéi yà 7.7 1,098,580 8,445,134 xī bān yá yǔ guī yà nà 3.2 214,970 698,209 yīng yǔ sū lǐ nán 2.7 163,270 436,494 hé lán yǔ fǎ shǔ guī yà nà（ fǎ guó） 2.0 91,000 182,333 fú kè lán qún dǎo（ yīng guó） yīng yǔ South America area of 17,840,000 square kilometers, accounting for 3.5% of the Earth's surface. Until 2005, the population of South America have been 371,000,000, world number four (the first in Asia and second in Africa, followed by North America.) Geography Terrain South America has a variety of terrain, there are lingering bend towering mountains, ancient crystalline highlands, alluvial plains and basins. Bending mountain plateau extends from Mexico to the Andes; ancient crystalline rocks are located in the highlands of Brazil, Guyana highlands, rich in metal ores, copper mines in Chile, also located in the ancient geology. Alluvial plains are the Orinoco basin, the Amazon Basin, La Plata plains, pampas. Andes 6,400 km north to south and the Andes, the highest mountain is Mount Aconcagua, 6962 meters high, integrated cross-Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina, the seven countries. The southern section of several parallel rows of the Andes Cordillera mountain range, with an average altitude of about 3350 ~ 3900 meters, its on the Atacama plateau. About the middle of the Andes in Bolivia's territory, with an average altitude of 3,000 to 3600 meters, is divided into East and West two, during a wave and the Lake Titicaca Lake. Divided into many branch in Peru has mountains, on which there are many active volcanoes, including Chimborazo volcano (6310 m), Cotonou Bussey volcano (5896 m) and so on. Colombia is divided into three, the last turn to the northeast of Venezuela, Merida formation of mountains. Guyana Highlands Guyana highlands in southeast Venezuela, low platform, but also for the crystallization of the ancient terrain, to the southeast extends to Guyana, Suriname and northern Brazil. Meanwhile there are many cliff waterfalls, Angel Falls, the world's highest throne here. Amazon Basin Amazon Amazon basin from the alluvial, a tropical rain forest climate, is not living, the world's largest tropical rainforest, the lungs of the earth the title has an area of approximately 650 million square kilometers. Brazil Plateau Is a crystallization of the ancient rock formations, producing several kinds of minerals located in eastern Brazil, the main city of southeast Brazil. La Plata plains By the La Plata River alluvial, extending from Argentina to Paraguay and Uruguay. West of the Andes, Brazil, the northeast plateau. Patagonia The southernmost tip of South America's mountain base, belong to high ground climate, the number of rivers east of the origin, originally covered large tracts of forest to pasture is now more developed. Rivers and lakes There are several rivers in South America, the more famous are the Amazon, Orinoco and La Plata River; major lakes are some of the Titicaca Lake and Lake Maracaibo (lagoon). Amazon The world's traffic, the largest and second longest river basin, the birthplace of the Andes about 150 kilometers east of the river bend continuously, there are many branches, and finally to the horse if the island together. River length, there are two algorithms, one from the Lao Like Charles Lake (Madeira headwater) the date, about 6280 km long. The other is counting from the Bila Fu Lo, about 6449 km long. The Lake Titicaca The world's highest lake, elevation 3812 meters, an area of 8290 square kilometers, about 177 km and a width of 56 km, maximum depth 475 m, by Qiu Kuituo Lake and Slovenia Maca Lake, southeast coast of the Inca Empire palace. Lake Maracaibo In Venezuela, and Venezuela by the Taff cable connected Bay, about 210 kilometers, an area of about 13,210 kilometers square. Climate The most extensive areas of South America near the equator, in temperate small land area, resulting in a small range of temperate, tropical range. Amazon basin and eastern highlands of Guyana is a tropical rain forest climate. Orinoco basin, the western highlands of Guyana and Brazil is a savannah climate with high principles. All are high Andes climate. Peru, northern Chile due to southeast trade winds and high pressure back flow of Peru's cool to form a tropical desert climate. Summer was dry winter rain in central Chile's Mediterranean climate. Temperate maritime climate is temperate southern Chile. The eastern plains of La Plata for the Summer-type humid climate. Pampas climate is temperate grassland. Patagonia westerly back because the formation of high-desert climate temperate. Economy Twelve South American countries have joined the South American countries, Union, Union, will be headquartered in Quito, the Parliament based in Cochabamba, Bolivia, and South America, the capital of banks will be located in Caracas Venezuela, scheduled for 2014 2019 years and removal of non-sensitive goods and tariffs on sensitive commodities. Agriculture Livestock Land required for larger livestock, only in Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela, Colombia no livestock. Mineral Industry Culture and Language The culture of the original South American Indian culture to the main mass mortality of European _set_tlers on the Indians to supplement the labor force after the introduction of slaves, so that the area origin complex. Brought by Spain and Portugal long-dominant Latino culture, it is often said that Latin America, South America, but the Indian culture has not disappeared, and the integration of black African culture, cultural conflict and integration among each other to form a synthesis of culture, the South American culture more rich. Major languages of South America: Green --- Spanish; orange --- Portuguese; blue --- French Due to the long colonial, national official language is mostly the language of the colonial mother country, but a few, such as adding Kui language, Guaraní (Paraguay) still exist. Most countries in South America's official language is Spanish, others such as Brazil Portuguese, English Guyana, Suriname is Dutch, French Guiana was French. Natural disasters South America, mainly influenced by three disasters, namely earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and the El Niño phenomenon, causing human casualties and property losses and other incidents, the impact of a country should not be underestimated. Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions Orogeny of South America is South American plate and the plate that Zika Hai each extrusion, the formation of the Andes, is a new fold mountain, but also its distribution on the number of active volcanoes. Four recent major earthquake occurred over the past century, the first time in 1868 in Ecuador and Colombia, earthquake, about 70,000 casualties; the second took place in Valparaiso (Chile), as the Richter earthquake magnitude scale of 8.6, 20,000 casualties occurred in 1906; the third time in Chillan (Chile), 7.8 Richter scale earthquake intensity, 30,000 casualties occurred in 1939; the fourth time in Chimbote (Peru ), 7.7 Richter scale earthquake intensity, 66,000 casualties occurred in 1970. When there is still the main volcano. South America's Aconcagua the highest mountain, located in Argentina, 6960 m above sea level, is extinct. Another Youye subfamily volcano, located in Chile, Argentina border, 6723 meters above sea level, is extinct. India Bhargava Xifeng, located in Chile, Argentina border, 6709 meters above sea level. Singapore Cable Green Mountain, located in Ecuador, altitude 6310 meters, is a dormant volcano. Ge Duobo Xifeng, in Ecuador, 5896 meters above sea level, is an active volcano; Ruiz volcano, located in Colombia, altitude 5399 meters, is an active volcano; Sangay volcano, located in Ecuador, altitude 5230 meters, is an active volcano ; Tungurahua volcano in Ecuador, altitude 5016 meters, is a dormant volcano; Mount Pichincha in Ecuador, altitude 4794 meters, is an active volcano. December 1997 observed El Niño sea surface temperature distribution, we can see that the eastern Pacific near the equator than usual ocean temperatures increased more than five degrees. El Nino El Nino, because of the trade winds weaken and warm pressed against a strong wind of tropical South American coast, water temperature, South America and the West Bank upwelling weakened or even disappear, south anchovy forage fish decreased in the fishery in the foraging reduction of seabirds, as a layer of guano fertilizer raw materials is also important to reduce economic losses caused to local residents. South America into the West Bank by the dry and wet, both Peru and Chile, there have been so rare floods, caused many casualties, property losses. Environmental changes, many mosquitoes, rats and other vectors to increase and spread of dengue fever, plague, malaria and other infectious diseases. South American countries and regions Following is a list of all countries and regions in South America. State population density ↓ (/ Sq.km) ↓ Area (Sq.km) ↓ Population (2002-07-01 est.) ↓ ↓ official language Spanish in Ecuador 47 283,560 13,447,494 1,138,910 41,008,227 36 Colombia Spanish 27 912,050 24,287,670 Spanish Venezuela 22 1,285,220 27,949,639 Peru Spanish Portuguese Brazil 21 8,511,965 176,029,560 Chile 20 756,950 15,498,930 Spanish Spanish Uruguay 19 176,220 3,386,575 Paraguay 14 406,750 5,884,491 Spanish, Guaraní Spanish in Argentina 14 2,766,890 37,812,817 Bolivia Spanish 7.7 1,098,580 8,445,134 Guyana English 3.2 214,970 698,209 Dutch Suriname 2.7 163,270 436,494 French Guiana (France) 91,000 182,333 2.0 Falkland Islands (British) English |
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