| 姓： | 郑 | ||||||||
| 名： | 锦 | ||||||||
| 字： | 贤之 | ||||||||
| 网笔号： | 延平郡王 | ||||||||
阅读郑经 Zheng Jing在诗海的作品!!! | |||||||||
郑经，又名郑锦，字元之，南安人，郑成功长子，明崇祯十六年(1643年)生。清顺治十八年(1661年)，成功率师取台湾，命郑经镇守思明(厦门)，调度沿海各岛。当时郑经19岁，已娶尚书唐显悦之女为妻，但两不相得，与四弟之乳母陈氏私通，生下一子。康熙元年(1662年)，唐显悦致书郑成功，责其“治家不严，安能治国”?郑成功怒，命兄郑泰到思明斩其妻董氏并子郑经及孙。郑泰与洪旭等人议曰：主母、小主其可杀乎?仅斩陈氏及其子复命。郑成功不允，于是发生诸将联合抗命。加上当时郑芝龙在北京被杀，又闻永历帝朱由榔在缅甸遇害，郑成功数痛攻心，遂于五月初一日病逝。
郑成功逝世后，在台诸将举郑经弟郑袭护理国事，而黄昭、萧拱宸等人又以郑经“乱伦”，“不堪为人上”，拥郑袭为东都主，并分兵准备抗拒郑经。消息传来，郑经即在思明继位发丧，以陈永华为谘议参军、周全斌为五军都督、冯锡范为侍卫，整师准备渡台。会清靖南王耿继茂、总督李率泰遣人前来议抚，郑经执“按朝鲜事例，不削发，称臣纳贡”，议未成。同年十月，郑经率师东渡，迅速平定黄昭、萧拱宸之叛。翌年正月，返回思明。六月，以其伯父郑泰支持黄昭拥郑袭拒己，假意置酒邀郑泰议事，伏甲兵而杀之。郑泰死后，其弟郑鸣骏、子郑缵绪即率所部入泉州降清。十月，清廷调集大军，会合投诚诸军及荷兰舰队进攻金、厦，郑经不敌，退守铜山(今东山县)。这时，耿继茂、李率泰又遣人议抚，郑经仍执前议，声言：“若欲削发、登岸，虽死不允。”康熙三年(1664年)三月，在许多将领叛去的情况下，郑经与洪旭等率师东渡，于初十日抵达台湾。
到达台湾后，郑经继承郑成功的政策，分配诸镇垦荒，寓兵于农。在承天府起盖房屋，安插诸宗室及乡绅。八月，改东都为东宁，升天兴、万年二县为州。把政事委于陈永华。陈永华善治国，督诸镇垦田，栽种五谷，插蔗煮糖，修埕晒盐，广事兴贩，国用日足。又采纳陈永华“建圣庙，立学校”的建议，并以陈永华为学院，“自此台人始知学”。还接纳洪旭“文事、武备，两者不可缺一”的建议，令各镇于农隙时教习武艺，“春、秋操练阵法”；并檄各镇，入深山采办桅舵，修葺、兴造船舰。平时装载货物，兴贩各国。从此，“台湾日盛，田畴市肆，不让内地”。
当时，英国和西班牙先后遣人来访，郑经许其通商，但拒绝西班牙在台设教的要求，并面告西班牙使者：华人到吕宋(菲律宾)经商，“不许生端勒掯”，“苟背约，立遣师问罪”。康熙六至八年(1667～1669年)，清廷又两次派人到台湾议抚，郑经均坚持“照朝鲜事例”，议未成。
康熙十三年(1674年)三月，清驻闽靖南王耿精忠响应平西王吴三桂，举兵反清。耿精忠遣使到台湾，约郑经会师，许以“全闽沿海战舰”。郑经命陈永华留守东宁，自率侍卫冯锡范、兵官陈绳武、吏官洪磊等西渡，进驻厦门。耿精忠接报：郑军“兵不满二千，船不过百只”，又下令照前禁海，断绝与郑经往来。郑经怒，立遣冯锡范率师攻同安，接着又连续攻取泉州、漳州和广东的潮州。康熙十四年(1675年)正月，耿精忠见郑经已据有三府之地，“兵马强盛”，又遣使修好。双方约定，以枫亭为界，“有事相援，无得侵伐”。康熙十五年(1676年)二月，平南王尚之信降于吴三桂，吴三桂檄之信，让惠州以与郑经修好。郑军遂进据广东惠州。五月，耿精忠将领马应麟密通郑经，表示愿献汀州。郑经曾以“业与耿藩修好”而犹豫，终于听信冯锡范等意见，令吴淑督兵取汀州。此事激起耿精忠大怒，耿、郑复交恶。耿精忠部将徐光武见郑师日逼，遂遣人持书到浙江衢州，向康亲王纳款，促其从速进兵。九月，清师入闽，耿精忠剃发待罪，复降于清。其驻兴化、邵武的部将不愿降，献城归郑经。郑经得二府后，误听洪磊、陈绳武、冯锡范之言，以许耀为总督，督师进屯乌龙江西岸，结果在耿军所导清军进攻下，迅即溃不成军。继而邵武、兴化、泉州、漳州相继失守。郑经只好于康熙十六年(1677年)二月遁回厦门。康亲王遣人前来议和，郑经仍持“照朝鲜例”，议不成。六月，刘进忠在潮州降清，刘国轩弃惠州回厦门。七月，康亲王又遣人议和，郑经与冯锡范、刘国轩会议，冯锡范以索四府之地裕饷为议和条件，议又决裂。康熙十七年(1678年)二月，郑经授刘国轩为中提督，刘国轩有将才，郑师复振于漳州，遂取长泰、同安，乘胜进围泉州。不久，清军大举来援，刘国轩部自泉州退回漳州，与清军大战于龙虎山，败绩，退保海澄。康熙十九年(1680年)正月，清福建水师提督万正色率舟师进攻金、厦。郑经以右武卫林陛督师抵御，刘国轩部亦自海澄来援，战皆不利，郑经率诸将回台湾。其母董夫人见而责之曰：“七府连败，二岛亦丧，皆由汝无权略果断，不能任人，致左右窃权，各树其党。”郑经无言以对。秋八月，清贝子赖塔复致书郑经，准照朝鲜事例，“不剃发，不登岸，称臣入贡，俾沿海生灵永息涂炭”。郑经复书，请如约，请要求留海澄为互市地。福建总督姚启圣不许，议又搁。
郑经自败回台湾后，心情郁抑，不理政事，日近醇酒、妇人。康熙二十年(1681年)正月十八日病卒。
郑克，郑经长子，生于康熙二年(1663年)，系郑经之妾昭娘所生。康熙十八年(1679年)，郑经率师西征时，奉命监国，由其岳父陈永华辅政。郑克年少，但明敏果断，有乃祖郑成功之风。在陈永华辅助下，郑克内戢兵民，外给粮糈，治理井井有条，凡事坚持原则，“虽诸父昆弟不少假”。郑经从大陆败归台湾后，仍委政于陈永华，由郑克监国。翌年(1681年)正月，郑经欲庆元宵，命居民张灯结彩，郑克闻讯，立即上启：“偏僻海外，地窄民穷，屡年征战，民不聊生。际兹清人整军备舰，准备东征，人心汹涌，何必以数夕之欢，而费民间一月之食?伏乞崇俭，以培元气，以永国祚。”郑克方正有为，使诸叔及奸邪之人深为畏惧，害怕由其继位，于己不利。因此，郑经一死，侍卫冯锡范便带头以传闻“监国非藩主(郑经)真血脉(系昭娘抱养之子)”为辞，与郑经之弟郑聪等人共谋，收回郑克监国之印，并杀之。当时郑克只有18岁。
郑克塽，郑经次子，生于康熙九年(1670年)，系郑经之妻和娘所出。康熙二十年(1681年)，郑经死后，郑克塽继承延平王位。因年幼，由其叔郑聪辅政。郑聪贪鄙懦弱，诸事皆决于冯锡范和刘国轩。康熙二十二年(1683年)六月，清水师提督施琅督师攻克澎湖后，郑克塽从刘国轩之议，修表交印归清。降清后，移住北京，受封为正黄旗汉军公，后卒于京。
After the death of Zheng Chenggong, held in Taiwan, Zhu Qiang Zheng Zheng Jingdi attack care of national affairs, while Huang Chao, Xiao Gongchen You Yi Zheng and others by "incest," "man on the unbearable," Cheng owned all the main passage to the East, and divide our forces ready to resist Zheng by. News, Zheng Siming to the throne by the hair in mourning, with Chan Wing-wah for the consultation meeting to join the army, the military governor Zhou Quanbin five forces, Feng Xifan for the guards, the whole is prepared to ferry station. Wang Geng Jimao will clear jingnan Governor Lee came to the proposed rate-tai Qian Ren Fu, Zheng Jing enforcement "by the Korean example, not shaved his head, vassal tribute," proposed immature. In October, Zheng Going by the rate of division, quickly put down, Huang Chao, Xiao Gongchen the rebels. The following year the first month, returned to Siming. In June, with its own uncle, Huang Chao-Cheng Cheng-tai support to resist the passage of himself, pretending Zhijiu invited Cheng-tai procedure, V hoplite to kill. Cheng-tai's death, his brother Zheng Mingjun, sub-Cheng Xu Zuan that rate his troops into surrendering in Quanzhou. October, Qing mobilization of army, joined the Dutch fleet surrendered armies and attack gold, Xiamen, Zheng Jing loss, retreated Copper Mountain (now Dongshan County). At this time, Gengji Mao, it Qian Ren Lee proposed the rate-tai Fu, Zheng Jing is still before the Executive meeting, declared: "If the shaved his head, landing, lived and refused." Kangxi three years (1664) in March, in many general revolt to circumstances, Zheng Hong Xu, with the rate of division such as Going, arrived in Taiwan on the tenth day.
Kangxi 10 years (1674) March, Min Qing Jing-nan Wang Geng Jingzhong in response Pingxi Wang Wu Sangui, Ju-Bing anti. Geng Jingzhong Sending Envoys to Taiwan, joined forces about Zheng Jing, Xu to "all ships along the coast of Fujian." Left by life Zheng Dong Ning Chan Wing-wah, since the rate bodyguard Fengxi Fan, Bing Chen Shengwu officials, clerks and other Western officials crossing Hong Lei, stationed in Xiamen. Geng Jingzhong reported: ZHENG "soldiers dissatisfied with 2000, the ship, but 100," according to pre-ordered ban on the sea, cut off by the contact with Zheng. Zheng Jing anger, Li Ping Xifan removal rate of division Tongan attack, followed by continuous capture Quanzhou, Zhangzhou and Chaozhou in Guangdong. Kangxi 14 years (1675) the first month, Geng Jingzhong see Zheng has been, according to three government land, "Horses strong", but also sent envoys repaired. The two sides agreed to Maple Pavilion for the community, "emergency phase assistance, do not get any invasion of cutting." Kangxi 15 years (in 1676) in February, the credit level Nanwang still down in the Wu Sangui, Wu Sangui Xi credit, so of Huizhou to and Zheng Jing repaired. ZHENG then into the Guangdong Huizhou. May, Geng Jingzhong general Ma Ying-lin Cheng close pass by, that would like to offer Tingzhou. Zheng Jing once said that "industry and Geng fan fix" and hesitated, and finally listen to the views of Fengxi Fan, etc., so WU Shu Du Bing take Tingzhou. Geng Jingzhong this stirred furious, Geng, Zheng Fu odds. Ministry Xuguang Wu Zheng Geng Jingzhong from Japan and forced to see, Suiqian people who book to Quzhou, Zhejiang, to be paid on Sport Wales, to promote its troops as soon as possible into. September, clear division into Fujian, Geng Jingzhong Dressed Guilt, complex down in the clear. Its in Xinghua, Shaowu Department would not want falling, Zheng Jing Xian City Returns. After the House passed the Second Zheng, mistook Hong Lei, Chen Shengwu, Feng Xifan words, Hsu Yao as the Governor, Governor of Jiangxi Normal into Tuen Oolong shore, guided by the results of Geng Qing army under attack, quickly routed. Then Shaowu, Xinghua, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou fall one after another. Zheng Jing had in Kangxi 16 years (in 1677) in February escape back to Xiamen. Prince to come to peace negotiations Hong Qian Ren, Zheng Jing still hold, "according to the Korean case of" not a meeting. Jun, Liu Jinzhong in Chaozhou surrendering, Liu Guoxuan abandoned Huizhou to Amoy. In July, it Qian Ren Hong Negotiation Prince, with the Fengxi Fan Zheng, Liu Guoxuan meeting, Feng Xifan to claim the land margin rates four House terms for the peace negotiations, proposed another break. Kangxi 17 years (1678) in February, Zheng Jing Liu Guoxuan granted to the Admiral, Liu Guoxuan have the talent, Zheng Shi-revival in Zhangzhou, Suiqu Changtai, Tongan, Cheng-sheng Jin Wai Quanzhou. Soon, massive to aid Qing, Liu Guoxuan Department returned from Quanzhou Zhangzhou, and Qing war in the designation of, defeat, surrender Siena. Kangxi 19 years (1680) the first month, the Qing Fujian Admiral million orthophoto rate s Strategy offensive Kim, Ha. Zheng Wu Weilin through to the right against Pi-shek, Liu Guoxuan Siena are also grouped to the Department of Aid, war are negative, Zheng Jing rate Zhujiang back to Taiwan. Mother see the responsibility of Ms. Dong said: "Seven House straight, two islands are also mourning, no power rests with thee a little determination, not favoritism, resulting in about the right to steal, the tree of their party." Zheng Jing speechless . Autumn in August, Pui Ching Lai tower complex sub-Cheng by his letter, according to the Korean standard case, "no tonsure, no landing, vassal to pay tribute, never means to serve the coastal lives trampled on." Cheng Ching Fu book, please say about, ask to stay in Siena for the frontier. Allowed the Governor of Fujian Sheng Yao Kai, put another meeting.
Zheng Jing, self-destruction after returning to Taiwan, mood depression, inhibition, ignore political affairs, Japan near wine, woman. Kangxi two decades (1681) the first month on the 18th Death disease.
Ke-Cheng by his eldest son, born two years Kangxi (1663), by the concubine Zhao Zheng Department of Mother born. Kangxi 18 years (1679), Zheng Jing rate when teachers expedition, was ordered to supervise the country, by their father Chan Wing-wah Colonial. Ke-young, but the subtlety and decisive, with Naizu Zheng Chenggong wind. Assisted in Chan Wing-wah, Ke-Ji Bing people inside and outside to the food official pay, governance orderly, always adhere to the principle, "although many fathers, Kundi false." Zheng defeated by the return to Taiwan from the mainland, still the State Affairs in Chan Wing-wah, Ke-monitoring by the State. The next year (1681) the first month, Zheng Jing To celebrate the Lantern Festival, ordered the residents decorated, Ke-heard the news, immediately to resource: "remote overseas, to narrow the people are poor, repeated Year campaign, times of hardship. The international arms ship throughout the Qing Dynasty is hereby to prepare the Eastern Campaign, people raging, why in a few evening of Huan, the cost of private in January to eat? V begging frugality to strength training to Yongguo Jo. "Ke-Founder and promising, and ensure that tertiary and treacherous person Deeply afraid, afraid by the throne to its own detriment. Therefore, Zheng Jing death, guards Fengxi Fan will lead to rumor, "supervise the country, non-lords (Zheng Jing) True Blood (Department of Zhao Niang adopt a child of the child)" for the speech, and Zheng Jing's younger brother, Cheng Tsung and others conspired to recover Ke-monitoring country India and kill. Ke-time only 18 years old.
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