| 姓： | 鄭 | ||||||||
| 名： | 錦 | ||||||||
| 字： | 賢之 | ||||||||
| 網筆號： | 延平郡王 | ||||||||
閱讀鄭經 Zheng Jing在诗海的作品!!! | |||||||||
鄭經，又名鄭錦，字元之，南安人，鄭成功長子，明崇禎十六年(1643年)生。清順治十八年(1661年)，成功率師取臺灣，命鄭經鎮守思明(廈門)，調度沿海各島。當時鄭經19歲，已娶尚書唐顯悅之女為妻，但兩不相得，與四弟之乳母陳氏私通，生下一子。康熙元年(1662年)，唐顯悅致書鄭成功，責其“治傢不嚴，安能治國”?鄭成功怒，命兄鄭泰到思明斬其妻董氏並子鄭經及孫。鄭泰與洪旭等人議曰：主母、小主其可殺乎?僅斬陳氏及其子復命。鄭成功不允，於是發生諸將聯合抗命。加上當時鄭芝竜在北京被殺，又聞永歷帝朱由榔在緬甸遇害，鄭成功數痛攻心，遂於五月初一日病逝。
鄭成功逝世後，在臺諸將舉鄭經弟鄭襲護理國事，而黃昭、蕭拱宸等人又以鄭經“亂倫”，“不堪為人上”，擁鄭襲為東都主，並分兵準備抗拒鄭經。消息傳來，鄭經即在思明繼位發喪，以陳永華為諮議參軍、周全斌為五軍都督、馮錫範為侍衛，整師準備渡臺。會清靖南王耿繼茂、總督李率泰遣人前來議撫，鄭經執“按朝鮮事例，不削發，稱臣納貢”，議未成。同年十月，鄭經率師東渡，迅速平定黃昭、蕭拱宸之叛。翌年正月，返回思明。六月，以其伯父鄭泰支持黃昭擁鄭襲拒己，假意置酒邀鄭泰議事，伏甲兵而殺之。鄭泰死後，其弟鄭鳴駿、子鄭纘緒即率所部入泉州降清。十月，清廷調集大軍，會合投誠諸軍及荷蘭艦隊進攻金、廈，鄭經不敵，退守銅山(今東山縣)。這時，耿繼茂、李率泰又遣人議撫，鄭經仍執前議，聲言：“若欲削發、登岸，雖死不允。”康熙三年(1664年)三月，在許多將領叛去的情況下，鄭經與洪旭等率師東渡，於初十日抵達臺灣。
到達臺灣後，鄭經繼承鄭成功的政策，分配諸鎮墾荒，寓兵於農。在承天府起蓋房屋，安插諸宗室及鄉紳。八月，改東都為東寧，升天興、萬年二縣為州。把政事委於陳永華。陳永華善治國，督諸鎮墾田，栽種五穀，插蔗煮糖，修埕曬????，廣事興販，國用日足。又采納陳永華“建聖廟，立學校”的建議，並以陳永華為學院，“自此臺人始知學”。還接納洪旭“文事、武備，兩者不可缺一”的建議，令各鎮於農隙時教習武藝，“春、秋操練陣法”；並檄各鎮，入深山采辦桅舵，修葺、興造船艦。平時裝載貨物，興販各國。從此，“臺灣日盛，田疇市肆，不讓內地”。
當時，英國和西班牙先後遣人來訪，鄭經許其通商，但拒絶西班牙在臺設教的要求，並面告西班牙使者：華人到呂宋(菲律賓)經商，“不許生端勒掯”，“苟背約，立遣師問罪”。康熙六至八年(1667～1669年)，清廷又兩次派人到臺灣議撫，鄭經均堅持“照朝鮮事例”，議未成。
康熙十三年(1674年)三月，清駐閩靖南王耿精忠響應平西王吳三桂，舉兵反清。耿精忠遣使到臺灣，約鄭經會師，許以“全閩沿海戰艦”。鄭經命陳永華留守東寧，自率侍衛馮錫範、兵官陳繩武、吏官洪磊等西渡，進駐廈門。耿精忠接報：鄭軍“兵不滿二千，船不過百衹”，又下令照前禁海，斷絶與鄭經往來。鄭經怒，立遣馮錫範率師攻同安，接着又連續攻取泉州、漳州和廣東的潮州。康熙十四年(1675年)正月，耿精忠見鄭經已據有三府之地，“兵馬強盛”，又遣使修好。雙方約定，以楓亭為界，“有事相援，無得侵伐”。康熙十五年(1676年)二月，平南王尚之信降於吳三桂，吳三桂檄之信，讓惠州以與鄭經修好。鄭軍遂進據廣東惠州。五月，耿精忠將領馬應麟密通鄭經，表示願獻汀州。鄭經曾以“業與耿藩修好”而猶豫，終於聽信馮錫範等意見，令吳淑督兵取汀州。此事激起耿精忠大怒，耿、鄭復交惡。耿精忠部將徐光武見鄭師日逼，遂遣人持書到浙江衢州，嚮康親王納款，促其從速進兵。九月，清師入閩，耿精忠剃發待罪，復降於清。其駐興化、邵武的部將不願降，獻城歸鄭經。鄭經得二府後，誤聽洪磊、陳繩武、馮錫範之言，以許耀為總督，督師進屯烏竜江西岸，結果在耿軍所導清軍進攻下，迅即潰不成軍。繼而邵武、興化、泉州、漳州相繼失守。鄭經衹好於康熙十六年(1677年)二月遁回廈門。康親王遣人前來議和，鄭經仍持“照朝鮮例”，議不成。六月，劉進忠在潮州降清，劉國軒棄惠州回廈門。七月，康親王又遣人議和，鄭經與馮錫範、劉國軒會議，馮錫範以索四府之地裕餉為議和條件，議又决裂。康熙十七年(1678年)二月，鄭經授劉國軒為中提督，劉國軒有將纔，鄭師復振於漳州，遂取長泰、同安，乘勝進圍泉州。不久，清軍大舉來援，劉國軒部自泉州退回漳州，與清軍大戰於竜虎山，敗績，退保海澄。康熙十九年(1680年)正月，清福建水師提督萬正色率舟師進攻金、廈。鄭經以右武衛林陛督師抵禦，劉國軒部亦自海澄來援，戰皆不利，鄭經率諸將回臺灣。其母董夫人見而責之曰：“七府連敗，二島亦喪，皆由汝無權略果斷，不能任人，緻左右竊權，各樹其黨。”鄭經無言以對。秋八月，清貝子賴塔復致書鄭經，準照朝鮮事例，“不剃發，不登岸，稱臣入貢，俾沿海生靈永息塗炭”。鄭經復書，請如約，請要求留海澄為互市地。福建總督姚啓聖不許，議又擱。
鄭經自敗回臺灣後，心情鬱抑，不理政事，日近醇酒、婦人。康熙二十年(1681年)正月十八日病卒。
鄭剋，鄭經長子，生於康熙二年(1663年)，係鄭經之妾昭娘所生。康熙十八年(1679年)，鄭經率師西徵時，奉命監國，由其嶽父陳永華輔政。鄭剋年少，但明敏果斷，有乃祖鄭成功之風。在陳永華輔助下，鄭剋內戢兵民，外給糧糈，治理井井有條，凡事堅持原則，“雖諸父昆弟不少假”。鄭經從大陸敗歸臺灣後，仍委政於陳永華，由鄭剋監國。翌年(1681年)正月，鄭經欲慶元宵，命居民張燈結彩，鄭剋聞訊，立即上啓：“偏僻海外，地窄民窮，屢年徵戰，民不聊生。際茲清人整軍備艦，準備東徵，人心洶涌，何必以數夕之歡，而費民間一月之食?伏乞崇儉，以培元氣，以永國祚。”鄭剋方正有為，使諸叔及姦邪之人深為畏懼，害怕由其繼位，於己不利。因此，鄭經一死，侍衛馮錫範便帶頭以傳聞“監國非藩主(鄭經)真血脈(係昭娘抱養之子)”為辭，與鄭經之弟鄭聰等人共謀，收回鄭剋監國之印，並殺之。當時鄭剋衹有18歲。
鄭剋塽，鄭經次子，生於康熙九年(1670年)，係鄭經之妻和娘所出。康熙二十年(1681年)，鄭經死後，鄭剋塽繼承延平王位。因年幼，由其叔鄭聰輔政。鄭聰貪鄙懦弱，諸事皆决於馮錫範和劉國軒。康熙二十二年(1683年)六月，清水師提督施琅督師攻剋澎湖後，鄭剋塽從劉國軒之議，修表交印歸清。降清後，移住北京，受封為正黃旗漢軍公，後卒於京。
After the death of Zheng Chenggong, held in Taiwan, Zhu Qiang Zheng Zheng Jingdi attack care of national affairs, while Huang Chao, Xiao Gongchen You Yi Zheng and others by "incest," "man on the unbearable," Cheng owned all the main passage to the East, and divide our forces ready to resist Zheng by. News, Zheng Siming to the throne by the hair in mourning, with Chan Wing-wah for the consultation meeting to join the army, the military governor Zhou Quanbin five forces, Feng Xifan for the guards, the whole is prepared to ferry station. Wang Geng Jimao will clear jingnan Governor Lee came to the proposed rate-tai Qian Ren Fu, Zheng Jing enforcement "by the Korean example, not shaved his head, vassal tribute," proposed immature. In October, Zheng Going by the rate of division, quickly put down, Huang Chao, Xiao Gongchen the rebels. The following year the first month, returned to Siming. In June, with its own uncle, Huang Chao-Cheng Cheng-tai support to resist the passage of himself, pretending Zhijiu invited Cheng-tai procedure, V hoplite to kill. Cheng-tai's death, his brother Zheng Mingjun, sub-Cheng Xu Zuan that rate his troops into surrendering in Quanzhou. October, Qing mobilization of army, joined the Dutch fleet surrendered armies and attack gold, Xiamen, Zheng Jing loss, retreated Copper Mountain (now Dongshan County). At this time, Gengji Mao, it Qian Ren Lee proposed the rate-tai Fu, Zheng Jing is still before the Executive meeting, declared: "If the shaved his head, landing, lived and refused." Kangxi three years (1664) in March, in many general revolt to circumstances, Zheng Hong Xu, with the rate of division such as Going, arrived in Taiwan on the tenth day.
Kangxi 10 years (1674) March, Min Qing Jing-nan Wang Geng Jingzhong in response Pingxi Wang Wu Sangui, Ju-Bing anti. Geng Jingzhong Sending Envoys to Taiwan, joined forces about Zheng Jing, Xu to "all ships along the coast of Fujian." Left by life Zheng Dong Ning Chan Wing-wah, since the rate bodyguard Fengxi Fan, Bing Chen Shengwu officials, clerks and other Western officials crossing Hong Lei, stationed in Xiamen. Geng Jingzhong reported: ZHENG "soldiers dissatisfied with 2000, the ship, but 100," according to pre-ordered ban on the sea, cut off by the contact with Zheng. Zheng Jing anger, Li Ping Xifan removal rate of division Tongan attack, followed by continuous capture Quanzhou, Zhangzhou and Chaozhou in Guangdong. Kangxi 14 years (1675) the first month, Geng Jingzhong see Zheng has been, according to three government land, "Horses strong", but also sent envoys repaired. The two sides agreed to Maple Pavilion for the community, "emergency phase assistance, do not get any invasion of cutting." Kangxi 15 years (in 1676) in February, the credit level Nanwang still down in the Wu Sangui, Wu Sangui Xi credit, so of Huizhou to and Zheng Jing repaired. ZHENG then into the Guangdong Huizhou. May, Geng Jingzhong general Ma Ying-lin Cheng close pass by, that would like to offer Tingzhou. Zheng Jing once said that "industry and Geng fan fix" and hesitated, and finally listen to the views of Fengxi Fan, etc., so WU Shu Du Bing take Tingzhou. Geng Jingzhong this stirred furious, Geng, Zheng Fu odds. Ministry Xuguang Wu Zheng Geng Jingzhong from Japan and forced to see, Suiqian people who book to Quzhou, Zhejiang, to be paid on Sport Wales, to promote its troops as soon as possible into. September, clear division into Fujian, Geng Jingzhong Dressed Guilt, complex down in the clear. Its in Xinghua, Shaowu Department would not want falling, Zheng Jing Xian City Returns. After the House passed the Second Zheng, mistook Hong Lei, Chen Shengwu, Feng Xifan words, Hsu Yao as the Governor, Governor of Jiangxi Normal into Tuen Oolong shore, guided by the results of Geng Qing army under attack, quickly routed. Then Shaowu, Xinghua, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou fall one after another. Zheng Jing had in Kangxi 16 years (in 1677) in February escape back to Xiamen. Prince to come to peace negotiations Hong Qian Ren, Zheng Jing still hold, "according to the Korean case of" not a meeting. Jun, Liu Jinzhong in Chaozhou surrendering, Liu Guoxuan abandoned Huizhou to Amoy. In July, it Qian Ren Hong Negotiation Prince, with the Fengxi Fan Zheng, Liu Guoxuan meeting, Feng Xifan to claim the land margin rates four House terms for the peace negotiations, proposed another break. Kangxi 17 years (1678) in February, Zheng Jing Liu Guoxuan granted to the Admiral, Liu Guoxuan have the talent, Zheng Shi-revival in Zhangzhou, Suiqu Changtai, Tongan, Cheng-sheng Jin Wai Quanzhou. Soon, massive to aid Qing, Liu Guoxuan Department returned from Quanzhou Zhangzhou, and Qing war in the designation of, defeat, surrender Siena. Kangxi 19 years (1680) the first month, the Qing Fujian Admiral million orthophoto rate s Strategy offensive Kim, Ha. Zheng Wu Weilin through to the right against Pi-shek, Liu Guoxuan Siena are also grouped to the Department of Aid, war are negative, Zheng Jing rate Zhujiang back to Taiwan. Mother see the responsibility of Ms. Dong said: "Seven House straight, two islands are also mourning, no power rests with thee a little determination, not favoritism, resulting in about the right to steal, the tree of their party." Zheng Jing speechless . Autumn in August, Pui Ching Lai tower complex sub-Cheng by his letter, according to the Korean standard case, "no tonsure, no landing, vassal to pay tribute, never means to serve the coastal lives trampled on." Cheng Ching Fu book, please say about, ask to stay in Siena for the frontier. Allowed the Governor of Fujian Sheng Yao Kai, put another meeting.
Zheng Jing, self-destruction after returning to Taiwan, mood depression, inhibition, ignore political affairs, Japan near wine, woman. Kangxi two decades (1681) the first month on the 18th Death disease.
Ke-Cheng by his eldest son, born two years Kangxi (1663), by the concubine Zhao Zheng Department of Mother born. Kangxi 18 years (1679), Zheng Jing rate when teachers expedition, was ordered to supervise the country, by their father Chan Wing-wah Colonial. Ke-young, but the subtlety and decisive, with Naizu Zheng Chenggong wind. Assisted in Chan Wing-wah, Ke-Ji Bing people inside and outside to the food official pay, governance orderly, always adhere to the principle, "although many fathers, Kundi false." Zheng defeated by the return to Taiwan from the mainland, still the State Affairs in Chan Wing-wah, Ke-monitoring by the State. The next year (1681) the first month, Zheng Jing To celebrate the Lantern Festival, ordered the residents decorated, Ke-heard the news, immediately to resource: "remote overseas, to narrow the people are poor, repeated Year campaign, times of hardship. The international arms ship throughout the Qing Dynasty is hereby to prepare the Eastern Campaign, people raging, why in a few evening of Huan, the cost of private in January to eat? V begging frugality to strength training to Yongguo Jo. "Ke-Founder and promising, and ensure that tertiary and treacherous person Deeply afraid, afraid by the throne to its own detriment. Therefore, Zheng Jing death, guards Fengxi Fan will lead to rumor, "supervise the country, non-lords (Zheng Jing) True Blood (Department of Zhao Niang adopt a child of the child)" for the speech, and Zheng Jing's younger brother, Cheng Tsung and others conspired to recover Ke-monitoring country India and kill. Ke-time only 18 years old.
| << 前一君主: 南明延平郡王招討大將軍 鄭成功 | 明鄭鄭經 Zheng Jing (1662年～1681年) | 後一君主 >>: 延平郡王 鄭剋塽 |