| 字： | 明俨 | ||||||
| 网笔号： | 南明延平郡王招讨大将军 | ||||||
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效忠君国 抗击满清
1644年，满清入关，占据北京城后，又于顺治二年（1645年）消灭了明朝遗臣拥立的福王朱由崧在南京建立的弘光政权，于是有明室血统的明唐王朱聿键在福州称帝，年号为“隆武”。隆武帝封郑芝龙为建安伯，后加封平国公。郑芝龙带着当时21岁的郑森去拜见皇帝谢恩，在会面中皇帝问起该如何救国，郑森用南宋岳飞的话说：“文臣不爱钱，武臣不惜死，天下太平矣。”隆武帝很赞赏郑森的对答，赐姓为明朝的国姓朱，改名为成功，并封忠孝伯，这也就是他俗称国姓爷的由来。郑成功22岁任南明隆武帝御营中军都督。清顺治三年（南明隆武二年，1646年），清军攻克福建，唐王隆武皇帝遇害，在清大学士洪承畴的招抚下，郑成功的父亲认为明朝气数已尽，不顾郑成功的反对，只身北上向清朝朝廷投降。清军在这时掠劫郑家，郑成功的母亲田川氏为免受辱于清兵，切腹自尽。“国仇家恨”之下，隆武二年十二月（1647年1月）郑成功在烈屿（小金门）起兵，旗帜上的称号是“忠孝伯招讨大将军罪臣朱成功”。永历三年（1649年）改奉南明永历年号，永历帝封他为延平郡王，故亦有称其为郑延平者。1651年到1652年在闽南小盈岭、海澄（今龙海）等地取得3次重大胜利，歼灭驻闽清军主力。后挥师北取浙江舟山，南破广东揭阳。顺治十二年（1655年），清定远大将军济度率兵约3万入闽，会同驻闽清军，进攻郑军。郑成功利用清军不善水战的弱点，诱其出海作战，次年四月将其水师歼灭于厦门围头海域。在起义后的16年间，郑成功据地在现今小金门和厦门（当时为一小岛，并没有和大陆连在一起）一带的小岛，完全控制了海权，以和外国人做生意收集资金，筹备军力，并且深入内陆广设商业据点，收集许多有关清军与朝廷的情报，曾经几次起兵，也和清朝廷议和以争取时间恢复兵力。期间，降清的郑芝龙在清庭的要求下多次写信给郑成功招降，清帝亦曾下诏册封郑成功为靖海将军海澄公，郑成功坚辞不受；顺治十四年（1657年），郑芝龙与郑成功私信被清廷截获，以通敌罪流徙郑芝龙于宁古塔。
顺治十六年（1659年），清军攻陷云南省城，永历帝危急。郑成功与鲁王的大将张煌言在闽浙牵制清兵，统率水陆军17万北伐，次年入长江，克瓜洲、镇江，围南京，并收复南京附近及安徽部分地区。郑成功派张煌言去芜湖，守住这个南京以西的沿江重镇，郑成功自己则带兵进攻南京城。清朝镇守南京的是两江总督郎廷佐，此人非常狡猾，为拖延时间，等待援兵，便使了一个缓兵之计，假意要向郑成功投降，使郑成功放松了警惕，而暗中派人出城求援。七月二十三日拂晓，郑成功的军队遭到清军的袭击，伤亡惨重。郑成功率领余部退回厦门根据地。郑成功撤退后，张煌言在安徽独木难支，也被清军杀得大败，化装逃回浙江，安徽及南京附近的地方又被清军占领。虽然在这次进攻中，郑成功因轻敌而功败垂成，但它动摇了清朝在东南的统治，也震动了北京清朝中央政府。
顺治十七年（1660年），郑成功在福建海门港（今龙海东）歼灭清朝福建总督李率泰和清将达素所率水师4万余人，军威复振。
郑成功最重要的盟友——晋王李定国
若说郑成功一生最大的遗憾，，莫过于与西南抗清领袖李定国的关系。
郑成功的名字可谓家喻户晓，当世知名度远在李定国之上。但是可能很少有人知道，李定国是他生平最敬重之人，是他最亲密的战略盟友，还是他的至亲“老亲翁”，一个是南明的西宁王（后封晋王），一个是南明的延平王（后封潮王），地位和影响力尚在定国之下。（成功的侄女嫁给了定国长子，后来清兵大举进攻云贵，南明兵败与丈夫一起被杀）
郑成功生平最光辉的业绩，不是收复台湾而是抗击清兵，与李定国一个在云南广西，一个在东南沿海，频频给与清兵致命打击，支撑南明政权长达二十年之久，堪称擎天双柱；逼迫清廷不得不做出让步，为后来的“康熙之治”打下基础。
他是不折不扣的民族英雄，但不只是因为他收服台湾，更是因为他顽强抗击清兵侵略，为南洋海外华人提供保护，创立“天地会”留下抗清火种，一直延续到数百年后的“同盟会”。
史学界论述李定国与郑成功关系的文章不少，大多是从他俩都坚持抗清，战绩远非其他抗清武装所能比拟，而且又书信往返，缔结为姻，故赞扬之词充塞史著，仿佛二人都是忠贞于复明事业、共赴国难的佼佼者。
但是，就历史事实而言，会师广东的计划是李定国制定的，在1653、1654年（顺治十年、十一年）他梦寐以求的就是同郑成功东西夹攻，迈出收复广东、重整山河的第一步。然而，这只是定国一厢情愿，郑成功并不想这样做。原因不是他看不到会师广东是南明中兴的关键一着，而是郑成功把以他为首的郑氏集团利益放在最重要的地位。研究郑成功起兵以后的整个经历，可以看出他是一位很有大志的人，在明、清对峙，国土分裂的情形下，他鉴于自身力量不够强大，在政治影响上也无法同明、清两个并存的政权争夺民心（包括官绅），因此，他的策略是明、清两方谁能让他独断专行，或者说割地自雄，他就奉谁“正朔”。用他自己的话来说，他的理想是做一个“纵横而所之”的“凤凰”，不愿成为“槛阱之中”的“虎豹”。所以他会说出这样的话：“清朝若能信儿，则为清人；果不信儿言，则为明臣而已。”总之，只能“遥奉”，不能“受制于人”。这就是他和后来的郑经一贯提出的“比于高丽”的思想根源。
清廷多次招抚（郑方称为“和议”）之所以失败，正是因为只给他高爵厚禄，决不答应给他以相对的独立性。在这种条件下，郑成功只能做一个“明臣”。同样的道理，他的“始终为明”并不意味着他愿意毫无保留地服从明朝廷的调遣，恪守臣节。在东南沿海，隆武帝遇难后，他“始终为唐”（张煌言语），对近在咫尺的鲁监国以客礼相待，而且极力设法使原属鲁监国的兵将听命于己。对永历朝廷，他的内心是矛盾的，一方面他希望奉永历正朔的原大西、大顺军和其他抗清势力能支撑下去，拖住清朝的大部分兵员，借以减轻自己的压力。另一方面，他是很有政治头脑的，预见到如果应定国之约出动主力东西合击，必胜无疑，随之而来的是闽粤兵连一体、地成一片，遥相呼应的局面就要改观。
郑成功不会不考虑到自己的相对独立性将受到很大限制，军政大事要禀承于朝廷，否则就难逃僭越之议。更重要的是，自己在兵力、爵位和声望上都略逊于李定国，加以李定国同永历朝廷的关系比他更密切，这些因素必然在郑成功的深谋远虑之中。所以，无论李定国制定的战略如何正确，也不管定国为了实现南明中兴对他怎样苦心相劝，郑成功总像一根插在闽海地区的弹性钢条一样，外力的大小只能造成他左右摇晃的程度，最后还是我自岿然不动的南天一柱。明清之际最优秀的军事家李定国的悲剧在于：出滇抗清前期遭到孙可望的嫉恨，无法在湖广（今湖南、湖北）、江西战场上施展雄才大略；中期寄厚望于郑成功连兵粤、闽，会师北上，得到的回报是虚应故事，新会战败，丧师失地，南明中兴从此无望，他所能做的只是效法诸葛亮“鞠躬尽瘁，死而后已”。
郑成功对广东潮州地区一直非常重视，这是郑氏家族军粮的主要来源地。郑鸿逵和郑成功多次进兵潮州原因就在于此。但他的意图却是希望把潮、惠地区据为自己的粮饷、兵员补给地，而在郑军和永历朝廷之间最好是留下一片清方管辖区，打掉这座隔火墙对郑氏集团不利。于是，他在李定国心急如焚的情况下，一味采取拖延推宕的策略。上面已经说过，李定国部署二次入广战役在半年前就已经把预定的会师日期通知了广东义师，决不可能不通知指望在全局战略中发挥关键作用的郑成功。
四月间定国在高州派遣的使者到达厦门后，郑成功正同清方“和谈”，将使者软禁。八月才派李景为使者来到定国军中，定国的回信中说“兹不谷已驻兴邑”（广东新兴县），据为定国治病的陈舜系记载，他在八月十六日随定国大营往广、肇（新兴属肇庆府），可以证明这封信写于八月十六日以后，信中所说“五月至今，所待贵爵相应耳”，是说他四月派出使者预料五月可得回音，不料等到八月，成功使者才姗姗来迟，带来的消息又不明确。定国的回信除了明显地流露出不满情绪，仍抱有会师的极大希望，“慎勿然诺浮沉，致贻耽阁。要知十月望后，恐无济于机宜矣”，真可谓语重心长。
从《先王实录》中得知，李景和定国使者携带复信返抵厦门不迟于九月初三日，“藩得会师二书，即欲调兵南下勤王。以虏使在泉，令差暂住金门”。然而，他偏要拖过定国信中指定的十月望前（十五日以前）师期，到十月十九日才“遣师南下，与晋王（是时李定国尚未封晋王）等会师勤王。委左军辅明侯林察为水陆总督，提调军中一切机宜；委右军闽安侯周瑞为水师统领”，率兵数万、战舰百只，“克日南征”，同时派官员林云琼赍勤王师表诣行在，并持书会晋王等（定国时为安西王），书云：“季秋幸接尊使，读翰教谅谅，修矛戟而奏肤功，大符夙愿。……兹叠承大教，宁忍濡滞以自失事机？奈尊使到敝营时，值南风盛发，利于北伐而未利于南征。……即欲遣师南下，与贵部共取五羊，缘风信非时，未便发师。……兹届孟冬，北风飙起，即令辅明侯林察、闽安侯周瑞等统领，扬帆东（？）指，虽愧非顺昌旗帜，然勉效一臂之力。水师攻其三面，陆师尽其一网，则粤酋可不战而擒矣。”
郑成功这次出军有几点很值得注意。第一，郑成功自起兵以来凡遇重大战役都亲临指挥，这次入粤之战对南明和清方都关系重大，西线是安西王李定国任主帅，给他的信中又反复强调了会师广东的战略意义，如说“粤事谐而闽、浙、直争传一檄”，那么，他为什么不肯亲自统军西上呢？惟一的解释是他已有卸责于下的准备。第二，郑成功在众多将领中选择林察出任水陆师正提督可谓独具慧眼，永历朝廷初立之时正是这位林察拥立绍武政权，大打内战，这时让他统军接应永历朝廷的主力在某种意义上确实是“最佳人选”。第三，郑成功是一位久历戎行的统帅，在给其弟世忠信中也说自己“用兵老矣”，何况郑军同清军作战时几次因救援不及时而失城丧师，他当然明白“胜负之际，间不容发”的道理，那么，他在九月初收到定国谆谆嘱咐的十月十五日为郑军到达指定位置的信后，为什么要拖到十九日才调集官兵“克日南征”呢？第四，郑成功自上年就已知道李定国东西夹攻，一举恢粤的计划，其间定国还再三遣使催促他领兵接应。
在帆船时代里，海上航行受季候风影响较大，无疑是事实。但在这样长的时间里郑成功没有出兵决不能用“风信非时”来解释，否则，郑、李使者又怎么能往来海上？何况，上年（1653年）六月至八月郑成功曾经率领舟师南下潮州、揭阳；下年（1655年）八月郑成功又曾派舟师南下广东，九月占领揭阳、普宁、澄海三县，证明秋季并不是不可能南征。退一步说，顺治十年（1653）李定国计划次年东西合攻广东之时，具有丰富海上经验的郑成功如有会师诚意，也应当把海上用兵的最佳时间通知李定国，以便定国确定东西会师打响的月日。明眼人不难看出郑成功的态度暧昧。第五，最引人注意的是，郑成功派出的援师行动极其缓慢，有大造声势之形，无实际作战之心。
从清方档案来看，十月初一日郑成功发牌调集兵将，部署南征事宜；初四日他亲临铜山（今东山县）视察兵丁、船工，“授辅明侯林察为正提督，闽安侯（周瑞）为副提督，管辖一百艘大船，派往广东与西部贼兵会合”。十月二十二日，清广东水师副将许龙报告，“上游有数百只船集结，闽安侯周瑞、辅明侯林察有率兵南下之势。盖于二十三、二十四日起程，有言去碣石，有言去广东”。十一月十九日，林察部泊于南澳扎营，“商议军务”。铜山距南澳不过百里，郑成功信中说“兹届孟冬，北风飙起”，正值顺风，一天可到。郑成功十月初四日在铜山阅兵命将，一个半月之后才停泊南澳扎营商议什么军务。又过了一个星期即十一月二十五日至二十七日，林察等率领的舟师三百余艘进至广东海丰磡寨村（当即瞰下寨，在海丰县南海滨）。十二月初五日，林察领船只四百余号、士卒三万余众进抵平海所（今惠东县平海）。同月十四日林察派出一队白艚船驶抵大鹏所（与平海隔大亚湾）征输村寨粮米，在这里遇着了广东沿海义师李万荣、陈奇策的队伍，据清方侦察，李万荣曾以猪、酒犒劳郑军。十五日，林察等部乘船三百余艘驶至佛堂门外（在虎门南面二百余里处，距广州四百余里）。
上文已说过李定国在新会战败的日期是十二月十四日，也就是林察所遣部分船只到大鹏所同李万荣、陈奇策义师相遇的那一天。当时李万荣等只知新会正在激战，不可能知道定国败退，几乎可以肯定是由于他们的极力劝说，林察才在一天内即从平海进至佛门堂。大约几天之后，他们必定从广东义师处得到定国大军战败急速西撤的消息，在海面观望了很长时间（其中必有派人向郑成功请示之事），于顺治十二年（1655年）五月返回厦门。
明、清双方留下的档案和记载都表明，郑成功虽然派出了军队，却没有参战意图。清闽、粤两省高级官员非常注意郑军动向，向朝廷报告林察等南下的日期和活动颇为详细，却没有任何交战之事内容，也就是说林察、周瑞部决不是遭到清军阻击不能早日到达定国指定位置；从十月初四日到十二月十四日磨蹭了两个月零十天才驶抵平海，派出部分兵船去大鹏所村寨征收粮食，而杨英记载林察、周瑞出兵时，他以户科身分同忠振伯洪旭“照议”计发行粮十个月，可见也不是由于粮饷不足。剩下的惟一解释就是郑成功在命将时即已亲授机宜：不可假戏真做。这一判断不仅可以从上述郑军处处拖延时日上看出，从清方档案和郑方纪载中也找不到任何作战痕迹，给人印象似乎是郑成功组织了一次大规模南海旅游，对组织这次改变明、清战局的战役的李定国采取了虚与委蛇的手段，后果是十分严重的。
《台湾外纪》卷四记林察、周瑞返回厦门后报告“舟师次虎头门（即虎门），侦知李定国战败，梧州失守，不敢进兵，还师”。郑成功玩弄权术，责备林察、周瑞等“勤王入援，君命原无俟驾，逗遛观望而回，朝典何在？尔等合心畏避，当尽正罪”。随即下令将周瑞“削职夺爵，解其兵柄，永不叙用”；林察等人降级有差。在给李定国的信里写道：“客岁蘧使遥来，同仇同袍之订，甚符夙心。用是敿干敹胄，大集楼船，方刻程期，而敝员李景复以台命至，展读再四，知殿下内急君父之忧，外切仇雠之痛；不佞恨不能征帆悠忽，直扫珠江，同挈故土以迎乘舆。讵意船师未到，而大师已先班回数日。有贵部官兵自粤来投者，细讯其故，盖以骄兵致挫。胜负兵家之常，不足深忧。但敝船逗遛，既不能先期会师，又不能奋图后援，实与有罪焉。已将水陆各将，审定功罪，乃知依违不前者，闽安侯周瑞，已重行捆责，革职闲住，乃念其有功，不然已正法矣。……”
郑成功对南征诸将的处理和复李定国书是大有讲究的。1654年能否实现东西合击，奏捷广东，直接关系着永历朝廷的前途，是非同小可的一次重大战略行动。郑成功作为一位杰出的政治家和军事统帅决不至于看不到这一点。他的信中轻描淡写地说“胜负兵家之常，不足深忧”，把关键性战略意图未能实现等同于一般战役的胜负，可说是官样文章。信中首先批评了李定国“骄兵致挫”，然后才谈到自己的舟师“逗遛”、“依违不前”，意在把战役失败的主要责任归咎于对方。我们不能说李定国没有犯过骄傲轻敌的错误，但是新会战役的失败却决不能说成是定国“骄兵致挫”。
在人员处理上，郑成功治军之严，在历史上很著名，惟独对这次对南明有决定命运意义的战役中逗留不进的将领却轻轻发落了事。林察是南征主将，郑成功却把“依违不前”的罪责加在副提督闽安侯周瑞头上，原因是林察为郑氏嫡系将领，周瑞原是鲁监国将领，亲疏之分显而易见。顺便说一下，郑成功的跋扈自雄在致定国信中也有充分的表现。按明、清制度大将专征时皇帝授予的最大权力仅限于副将以下违反节制可以不经请旨以上方剑处斩。周瑞位居侯爵，成功信中说“念其有功，不然已正法矣”，完全是一国之主的口气。总之，南征之役无功而返是按照郑成功自己的意志行事殆无疑义。
综上所述，1653—1654年李定国策划的广东之役，是南明中兴的最后一次机会。定国计划的重点是联络郑成功东西合击，配合广东各地义师首先全歼广东清军，再展宏图。在这三股抗清力量中，李定国军和广东义师都是全力以赴的，只是由于郑成功志不在此，终于功亏一篑。广东义师为了实现定国的战略意图表现的积极性颇足称赞。在定国新会战役失败之后负责联络广东义师的明两广总督连城璧仍然为这一东西合击战略奔走呼号。他在1655年六月给永历朝廷的奏疏中呼吁：“所望西师迅发，闽帆再扬，而臣与辅臣郭之奇一鼓再鼓，乘敌之疲，用我之壮，粤东不足平也。”次年（1656，顺治十三年，永历十年）七月，连城璧又在疏中说他联络的粤中义师“坚处海滨，……枕戈以待王师重来，与闽师期会，收前此未济之功”。由于李定国在新会战役中兵员器械损失较大，又急于赶赴安龙迎接永历帝入滇，顾不上粤东战场了。大好良机付之东流。
收复台湾，驱逐荷虏
1661年康熙皇帝初即位，之前的郑氏降将黄梧陈灭贼五策，包括长达20年的迁界令，自山东至广东沿海廿里，断绝郑成功的经济支援；毁沿海船只，寸板不许下水；同时杀成功之父郑芝龙于宁古塔流徙处，（一说斩于北京柴市口，即今府学胡同西口，元代刑场）；挖郑氏祖坟；移驻投诚官兵，分垦荒地。由于清政府的新策略，郑成功和他的军队断绝了经济来源，面临着严重的财政危机，不得不放弃以近岸离岛为基地，骚扰东南沿海的军事策略，转而进攻已久为大航海时代以来远渡重洋来到亚洲的葡萄牙人、西班牙人、英国人、荷兰人所分别殖民割据的台湾，作为新的基地，这一年三月二十三，郑成功亲率将士2.5万、战船数百艘，自金门料罗湾出发，经澎湖，出敌不意地在鹿耳门及禾寮港登陆。先以优势兵力夺取荷军防守薄弱的赤嵌城（今台南市内），继又对防御坚固的首府台湾城（今台南市安平区）长期围困。经过九个月的苦战，在早年由其父协助渡海的汉人移民的支持下于1662年打败荷兰人，迫使殖民总督揆一于同年十二月十三日（1662年2月1日）在投降书上签字。荷兰军队交出了所有武器和物资，残存的包括伤病员在内的约900余名荷兰军民，乘船撤离了台湾岛。此次战役，结束了荷兰侵略者在台湾38年的殖民统治，宝岛台湾又回到了祖国的怀抱，也使郑成功成为中国人民心目中的民族英雄。收复台湾后，郑成功祭告山川，颁屯垦令，开东宁王国，立郑家天下，拥有现在台湾南部以及一部份东部的土地，设“承天府”，改台南为“东都”，以示候明永历帝东来之意，争取明朝遗臣效忠。另辟海外乾坤、抗清朝于海外。同年4月间传来桂王朱由榔死于缅甸的消息。虽然仍有其他明朝宗室在台，但成功已决定不再拥立新帝，自为台湾之主。郑成功在台湾成立第一个汉人政权，然而，因为当时热带地方卫生条件不好，郑成功感染时疫，终于病倒，同年6月（农历五月）病逝，享年38岁。原葬台南洲仔尾，1699年迁葬南安祖墓。传说被郑经害死。康熙皇帝题撰挽联：“四镇多贰心，两岛屯师，敢向东南争半壁；诸王无寸土，一隅抗志，方知海外有孤忠。”
1662年打败侵占台湾38年之久的荷兰殖民主义者，收复了我国神圣领土，写下这首《复台》诗：“开辟荆榛逐荷夷，十年始克复先基；田横尚有三千客，茹苦间关不忍离。”
郑成功的儿子郑经继续经营台湾，改东都为东宁。依陈永华之议，移植明朝中央官制，对内虽仍奉已死的明永历帝之正朔，与中国内陆清王朝之顺治、康熙各朝互不统属，对外则自称“东宁王国”，始有开国长治之想，经营成效斐然。后因降将施琅师法郑成功当年进攻荷兰人故技，攻克澎湖岛，因此孙子郑克塽于1683年降清，为免台湾民众起反抗之心，郑氏在台诸坟悉数遭清王朝掘起迁葬中国内陆。1684年4月，台湾（时为台湾府）正式纳入大清帝国版图，隶属福建省，下设台湾县，凤山县与诸罗县，总计郑氏政权在台湾只有短短二十几年的时间而已，但是因为其特殊背景，因此不只是台湾的历史学家重视，还广受中国以及日本的史界注目，提出各种不同的有趣观点。
小学课文 <<郑成功>>
《郑成功》是苏教版小学教材六年级上册的课文，主要讲述郑成功如何收复台湾，建设台湾只是略写。
对海外华人的保护
1647年1月，郑成功在烈屿起兵抗清后，于转战中国大陆东南部期间，多次帮助明室宗族与民众渡海定居台湾及东南亚各地。抗清期间，郑成功为了筹备粮饷而大力发展海外贸易，当时荷兰人常劫夺郑氏和海外华人商船，郑成功多次派出水军打击荷兰舰队，并于1656年到1660年期间两次警告荷兰人，郑氏将不会与荷兰贸易，除非荷兰人停止劫夺华人的商船。另外，郑成功让华商领取郑府令牌和“国姓爷”旗号，以帮助保护华人在海外经商时的安全。当时确有很多海外华商采取此法，而得以安全出海经商。郑成功纪念馆《发现台湾》上册；天下杂志编辑；天下杂志，第8页至第45页；
《郑成功的台湾时代》；陈锦昌；远足出版社；ISBN 957-29670-2-9
《郑芝龙大传》；陈文德；远流出版社；ISBN 957-32-3482-3
郑成功·收复台湾
郭影秋《李定国纪年》
顾诚《南明史》
多次欲攻取菲律宾
1565年，西班牙殖民统治菲律宾，菲律宾这个名字，就是来自西班牙国王菲利普二世的名字。1603年和1639年，西班牙殖民者二次屠杀在菲律宾的华侨华商，死亡人数达五万余众。
在得知菲律宾华侨的处境后，1657年，郑成功曾经致函给爪哇岛巴达维亚的一位华侨甲必丹，要求他停止与菲律宾的西班牙殖民者进行贸易往来。郑成功曾多次对菲律宾华侨表示关切，并提出要率兵攻取菲律宾，以惩罚西班牙人。
1662年，郑成功攻下台湾后，遣使到菲律宾向西班牙总督递交国书，谴责其杀戮掠夺华侨的罪行，严令其改邪归正，俯首纳贡，但西班牙人反而因此在马尼拉进行了第三次对华侨的屠杀。
郑成功闻讯大怒，决定挥师征讨，为华侨报仇。他一面抚恤安置从菲律宾逃到台湾的华侨，一方面组织筹备军队，派人暗中与在菲律宾的华侨联络，以到时可里应外合，但还没出兵，他得知儿子郑经在厦门跟奶妈陈氏通奸，郑成功勃然大怒，命部将郑泰杀郑经，郑泰因不忍而抗命，又患疟疾，不久病危，1662年6月23日病逝。
后来，其郑经也于1670年和1671年两次准备派舰队征讨马尼拉，但最终还是没有出兵。
评价
郑成功接收父亲的兵力，成员多是盗贼出身，于是郑成功一直是“强人统治”，“严刑峻法”，极少接受属下的意见。然而他的文人背景却也能让他以德服众，同时也有助于他对商业方面的经营，创造出胜过他父亲的局面。
中国把郑成功看作从荷兰人手上收复台湾的民族英雄，而台独分子则把郑成功看成汉人脱离中国统治，移民台湾，建立新天地的典范。
地名
台北市剑潭
相传1660年代，郑成功及其所属军队行经此河河段时，遇见神怪与神怪造成的大风浪，为伏怪，郑成功抛一身边宝剑，始降服神怪。後人为纪念此事件，故将该河段与所涵盖流域皆以剑潭命名。但经後人考证，此一民间传说并不确实。
台中县大甲镇铁砧山的剑井 寻三宝复明
有天，郑成功（下简称郑）到泉州的仙公庙去，问仙公明朝有无中兴的可能。仙公说：“你是明朝忠臣，若想中兴明朝必先到台取三宝：一个玉印、一件乌山柴、以及出米岩。”
玉印 版本一：
郑在台找寻玉石时途经打狗山，向一位仙翁打听，但仙翁却先请郑在洞穴里过一晚。隔天仙翁询问：“昨夜睡的床为何？”郑答：“石床”，仙翁叹道：“一切都是天意，不然您如此聪明，何将玉床误认为石床？”语毕送郑一条玉带。
版本二：
郑带少数将领前往玉山找寻玉石，但一行人整天下来，只见遍地石子，却无玉石。当一行人打算打道回府时玉山的土地公现身了，说未经许可，任谁都找不到玉石。
郑表明来意后，土地公却叹道：“当作佩玉尚可，但玉印恕难奉送，只因天意如此。”郑惊讶道：“只是要刻印章，有什么天意呢？”。见郑坚持，土地公勉为其难地随手捡起一块石头给郑，说也奇妙，当郑接过来时，瞬间石子变为玉石。然而等郑将玉石刻成印章后，每次盖在纸上却都是“南无观世音菩萨”。
乌杉柴 郑在阿里山时，找到三棵乌杉，其中两颗需约三十余人才能围住，另外一颗小一点，但也要二十七八人。第一天砍了树身的三分之一，但隔日见被砍的地方竟然自动愈合，像是没砍过一般。接连试了好几天皆如此，郑便祈神请求帮忙，当晚他梦见一老人对他说：“这三棵乌杉是神树，正果快修成了，谁砍，谁就会受伤。然而你之所以安然无恙，正是因为你是明朝忠臣，上天都在保护你。若你一定要取乌杉柴，请筑檀祭杉，若该你得则会自动倒下…”隔日郑照其指点而做，正祭祀时忽然一声巨响，较小的乌杉倒下了。
出米岩 郑途经大岗山时令士兵扎营，自己则去庙里拜祭，祈求早日得三宝以便复明。当晚郑就梦见佛祖带他四处游玩，并指点藏宝处，说道：“谷仓位于庙后面的岩穴中，左有千人斧，右有万人火。”，接着授与火斧的用法，嘱咐道：“产出的米只能在此食用，并照人数取之，不可多取。”
隔日，郑率兵去找寻，果然有米从岩穴流出，他便照佛祖授与的方法煮饭，全师粮食便足够。
只是郑无法全得三宝，注定无法反清复明。
预兆
逝世
《台湾县志》记载：“当国姓公卧病的当初，五月初二早，忽天昏地暗，黄蜂大作，初三更风雨交加，台江及安平外海波浪冲天，继而雷震电闪，如山崩地裂，……初五日，天平雨晴了，初八日，国姓爷归天。”
南投县草屯镇
据传为明末郑成功率军征番，驻军於此，兵士丢弃旧草鞋弃草鞋成墩，所以旧名「草鞋墩」
台北县莺歌镇的鹦哥石
基隆市的仙洞
台湾郑成功庙宇佳联集锦
郡地剪牛皮御敌驱荷受降赤嵌，五船登鹿耳安民垦土建立台湾。——台南三老爷宫
镇守台海庙建王师登陆地，门固鹿耳史留英雄驱荷图。——鹿耳门镇门宫
南台留圣迹功高明末，灵赫振军威壮志清初。——基隆南灵宫
国土无双一代雄风扬赤嵌，圣恩有感千秋惠泽著礁溪。——宜兰礁溪国圣庙
开台德业一生忠气山河壮，天下勋名千载精神日月光。——彰化竹塘天开宫
歌曲《郑成功》
基本信息
歌曲：郑成功
歌手：后弦
作曲：后弦
作词：后弦
专辑：东方不败
歌曲介绍
一首充满历史英雄元素的人物传一首充满历史英雄元素的人物传记流行曲。浓浓的励志情怀流畅其中，副歌部分“妈妈的手中线，缝合了几百年”的凄美加激昂，让每个人都不禁动容。
故事概要：
厦门毕业的大学生分配到郑成功纪念馆进行书籍管理工作，之前的踌躇满志变成了一个小小的史料管理员，以前想书写历史，如今却守着历史，心理的落差曾让他心灰意冷，
一夜，郑成功托梦而来，告诉他，历史的纸和笔，都等着每个人自己去书写……
记流行曲。浓浓的励志情怀流畅其中，副歌部分“妈妈的手中线，缝合了几百年”的凄美加激昂，让每个人都不禁动容。故事概要：厦门毕业的大学生分配到郑成功纪念馆进行书籍管理工作，之前的踌躇满志变成了一个小小的史料管理员，以前想书写历史，如今却守着历史，心理的落差曾让他的。
歌词
历史的城外 瘦楷绣青苔
字里刀枪行间我四海
可泪从不记载
昨页留的白 谁蘸墨来主宰
泛泛后生可曾挤在碑前徘徊
曾结拜 八仙血脉
吞吐过海澎湃
独站在 日光岩外
竖起你的年代
尽抛开 史书沧海
历史看君现在
郑成功当年勇
托梦滚滚而来
夜半掩 人假眠
勿想念 月的圆缺
妈妈的手中线
反复地缝合了几百年
空白页 我书写
就算梦 在花甲圆
光阴寂寞的凛冽
在岸边
Rap:
倒背如流 你的历史考卷
高谈阔论里面 模糊了视线
民族精神 回答接近精确
印刷机的见解 满分的危险
逆风赶走身上的妥协
英雄重生在深夜
历史的城外 瘦楷绣青苔
字里刀枪行间我四海
可泪从不记载
昨页留的白 谁蘸墨来主宰
泛泛后生可曾挤在碑前徘徊
曾结拜 八仙血脉
吞吐过海澎湃
独站在 日光岩外
竖起你的年代
尽抛开 史书沧海
历史看君现在
郑成功当年勇
托梦滚滚而来
夜半掩 人假眠
勿想念 月的圆缺
妈妈的手中线
反复地缝合了几百年
空白页 我书写
就算梦 在花甲圆
光阴寂寞的凛冽
在岸边
Rap:
倒背如流 你的历史考卷
高谈阔论里面 模糊了视线
民族精神 回答接近精确
印刷机的见解 满分的危险
逆风赶走身上的妥协
英雄重生在深夜
郑成功墓
郑成功墓在南安市沿着福厦公路的水头镇附近的康店村复船山，为全国重点文物保护单位。郑成功是我国伟大的民族英雄，名森、字明俨、号大木，郑成功墓福建省南安石井人，出身于官商家庭。 1624年农历七月十四日，诞生于日本长崎县平户市千里浜。在日本渡过七个春秋，1630年间随从其叔芝燕等回国，住安平（晋江市安海镇）郑府。郑成功自幼聪明敏捷，八岁能通读四书五经，十岁能写入股文，文章过人，词藻华丽典雅，十一、二岁，兼习春秋左传，孙吴兵法，并能舞剑学射。十五岁的禀生，二十一岁攻入南京国子监太学，气宇轩昂，才华横溢，获得师长称赞：“此人英雄，非人所得比。”
明隆武帝见成功年少英俊，文武双全，问之日“江山危矣，你何从我乎？”对日：“文不贪财，武不怕死，江山可保矣。”隆武帝非常赞许他，即赐他与同姓，易名“成功”，封御营中军都督，授尚方宝剑，仪同附马，自是咸称“国姓爷”。
郑成功一生最伟大的功绩是收复台湾，驱逐荷兰侵略者和大规模开发台湾。永历十五年（公元1662年）十二月甘三日，率军三万余人，大部份是泉州人，把荷兰侵略者从中国宝岛台湾赶走。郑成功实现了他收复台湾和开发台湾的远大抱负。当时曾赋诗一首“开辟荆榛逐荷夷，十年始克服先基。田横尚有三千客，菇苦间关不忍离。“收复台湾以后，他走访四社，了解民情及社会情况，在那荒凉的台湾岛上，实行“寓兵于农”之法，屯垦开荒，“农隙则训以武事，有警则荷戈以战，无警则负来以耕”。那时，台湾新辟土地环境十分恶劣，瘴疬流行，“病者十之七八，死者基多”，甚至有数十丈巨蟒为患，开荒任务非常艰巨，郑成功都新率官兵，积极开发，同时采取各种措施加紧巩固台湾海防，坚守阵地，免于荷兰侵略者“复仇”，重占台湾。郑成功率军披荆斩棘，流血流汗，艰苦创举。由于十年征战，驰骋沙场，积劳成疾，于永历十六年（公元1662年）农历五月初八病逝台湾，享年三十有九，墓葬于台湾的台南州仔尾。历经三十多年，其孙郑克塽降清后，于康熙三十八年（公元1699年）5月22日卯时迁柩归葬于南安县，拊葬于康店村的郑氏祖莹，随同迁葬的还有其子郑经的灵柩。当时康熙帝除下敕遣官兵护柩外，还赐挽联一对，日：“四镇多二心两岛屯师敢向东南争半壁；诸王无守土一隅抗志方知海外有孤忠。“尔后还派御林军护陵守墓。同时迁葬于祖莹乐斋公内还有其父郑芝龙，其母和其妻墓氏，迁墓后重立墓碑。
1929年，郑陵被盗，即时抢救石质墓志铭两块，一为郑经1674年回乡修祖坟时所立的（橄榄山墓志）。另一是迁葬时郑克塽之《郑氏归墓祖文墓志》。郑成功灵柩用棺廓两层，里面一层油漆朱红鲜先泽，棺内布满水银，骨骼完好，取出将盔一项，龙袍一件，腰围玉带镶玉十七块，靴鞋各一双，还有头发等珍贵一级文物，由南安石井郑成功纪念馆收藏。
郑成功墓采用水灰三合土构筑土堆墓，墓碑墓道皆用花岗石雕砌成，墓碑高75厘米，长15．8厘米，呈“山”字形，整座墓域占地997平方米，墓前石质华表一对，相距15米，高14米，呈八角形，径52厘米，顶端雕一座狮，保存完好。墓前两侧还有石板旗杆夹九对，左五右四，其中一板刻有“戍子年解元”五个字。目前，扩大保护范围，建筑陵园大围墙建立文物保管所，修筑墓道和专线公道，绿化林木花草，建置碑亭，环境宽敞，风景优美，为海内外游览和祭拜“国姓爷”的好地方。
郑成功家族介绍
郑成功家族据郑氏家谱记载
郑士表生五子
郑芝龙，郑芝虎，郑芝麟，郑芝凤，郑芝豹
郑芝龙生五子
郑成功，郑流，郑恩，郑荫，郑袭
郑成功生十子
郑经，郑聪，郑明，郑睿，郑智，郑宽，郑裕，郑温，郑柔，郑发
郑经生七子
郑克塽，郑克土兴，郑克均，郑克土友，郑克，郑克圻，郑克塙
郑克塽生三子
郑安福，郑安禄，郑安康
1644, Manchus, occupied Beijing, the then two years of Manchu (1645) eliminated the leftover Ming Zhu backers of Fukuo established by the Song Mountain in Nanjing Hongguang Zheng right, so there is room descent Ming Tang Ming Wang Zhu Yu key in Fuzhou emperor, reign as the "Long arms." Long Feng Zheng Zhi for the construction of Emperor Amber, after the company sealed the country level. Zheng Zhi with a 21-year-old Sen-time audience with the emperor to Shane, in the meeting, the Emperor asked how salvation, with the Southern Song Yuefei Sen as saying: "Wenchen do not love money, Takeomi at death, peace and harmony carry on." Lung Emperor applaud Sen's verbal exchanges, surname as the surname Zhu Ming States, changed its name to succeed, and Chung Hau Po-seal, which is commonly known as Koxinga his origin. 22-year-old Emperor Wu of Zheng Chenggong Yu Ren Nan Minglong military camp military governor. Qing Shunzhi three years (two years Nanming Long Wu, 1646), the Qing forces captured Fujian, Tang Wanglong killed the Emperor Wu, National Tsing Hua University degree in Hong Chengchou the protection offered under the Ming Dynasty, Zheng Chenggong's father that the days are numbered, regardless of Zheng Chenggong's opposition surrender to the Qing court north alone. In this time looting Qing Cheng, Cheng's mother, Tian Chuanshi to avoid humiliation in the bowls, ritual suicide. "CIA hate country" under the Wu-two in December (January 1647) in Lieyu Zheng Chenggong (Little Kinmen) dispatched troops, flags on the title of "General Zui Chen Chung Hau Po Zhao Tao Zhu big success." Yongli three years (1649) conversion to reign Ming Yong Li, Yongli Emperor him as Koxinga, so those who have called Zheng Yanping. 1651 to 1652 in the Taiwanese small surplus Ling, Siena (now Hai) and other access to 3 major victory, wiped out in Minqing main army. Zhejiang Zhoushan commanded the troops after taking the North, South, Guangdong Jieyang broken. Junji year (1655), the Qing general economic degrees shuaibing set ambitious about 30,000 to Fujian, together with troops stationed in Minqing, offensive ZHENG. Qing Zheng Chenggong poor use of the weakness of the water war, induced the sea battle, in April the following year its navy destroy the Xiamen sea area around head. In the 16 years after the uprising, Zheng Chenggong, according to the present Little Kinmen and Xiamen (then a small island and the mainland are not linked) in the vicinity of the island, complete control of the sea power to collect and foreigners doing business capital, military preparations, and inland to establish more commercial base to collect a number of the Qing and the court's intelligence, has several times raised his army, and also to gain time for the Qing court to resume peace negotiations troops. During the Qing Zheng Zhi down the request of the Qing court several times to write to Zheng Chenggong summon somebody to surrender, the Qing emperor has issued an edict for the canonization of Jinghai Zheng Chenggong Siena general public, Cheng Jian, not speech; Junji 14 years ( 1657), Zheng Zhi and Zheng Chenggong of private letters was intercepted by the Qing court to collaborators in the offense of migration in Zheng Zhi Ning Guta.
Junji 16 years (1659), the Qing army captured the city in Yunnan Province, Yongli Emperor critical. The general Zheng Chenggong Zhang and Lu Wang in Fujian and Zhejiang Huangyan contain bowls, water command the army 170 000 Northern Expedition, the following year into the Yangtze River, grams guazhou, Zhenjiang, Nanjing, around and near Nanjing and Anhui recover parts. Zheng Chenggong Zhang Huangyan sent to Wuhu, maintains the city along the Yangtze River in Nanjing to the west of kung himself leading troops attacked the city of Nanjing. Qing Dynasty in Nanjing are two guarding the Governor Lang Ting Zuo Jiang, who is very cunning, for time, waiting for reinforcements, they make a delaying action, kung pretend to surrender, so that Zheng Chenggong off guard, and secretly sent out of town for help. Dawn on July 23, Qing Zheng Chenggong's troops were attacked, suffered heavy casualties. Xiamen Zheng Chenggong led back the remnants of base. After the withdrawal of Zheng Chenggong, Zhang Huangyan Anhui themselves they also defeated the Qing Kocide, makeup fled Zhejiang, Anhui and Nanjing, where they were near the Qing occupation. Although this attack, due to underestimate the enemy and Zheng Chenggong fail, but it shook the rule of the Qing dynasty in the southeast, but also shocked the Qing central government in Beijing.
Zheng Chenggong's most important ally - the king was John Reading
Zheng Chenggong's most brilliant performance of his life, not the recovery of Taiwan but against the Ching soldiers, and John Reading, one in Yunnan and Guangxi, one in the southeast coast, and frequently give bowls a fatal blow to support the Southern Ming regime, as long as two decades, called Qingtian double columns; forced the Qing court had to make concessions, as was the "Emperor Kangxi of the government" basis.
However, the historical facts, John Reading realignment plan is the development of Guangdong, in 1653,1654 years (Junji years, 10 year) his dream is something with the attack from Zheng Chenggong, made recovery of Guangdong, re Landscape of the the first step. However, this is only wishful thinking given country, Zheng Chenggong not want to do. Not because he could not see ZTE join forces in Guangdong is a key with Ming, but Zheng Chenggong Zheng led the group in his place the interests of the most important position. Of Zheng Chenggong raised his army after the whole experience, you can see he is a great people with great ambitions, in the Ming and Qing confrontation, land division cases, he not strong enough in view of its own strength, political influence can not be the same on the next, the coexistence of two competing power clean people (including the gentry), so his strategy was the Ming and Qing two parties who can give him arbitrary, or cede territory from the male, he would the Holy Spirit, "Zhengshuo." In his own words, his ideal is to do a "vertical and horizontal and by the" in "Phoenix", do not want to become a "trap threshold into" and "Butch." So he would say so: "If the letter Qing children, compared with the Qing Dynasty; If you do not believe children made, it was clear Morrison." In short, the only "remote Feng", not "invaders." This is Zheng He, and later raised by the usual "than in Korea," the ideological roots.
Zheng Chenggong will not take into account their relative independence will be very limited military and political affairs should be always given in the court otherwise escape the encroachment of the meeting. More importantly, own strength, nobility and prestige, both slightly behind John Reading, to John Reading, the relationship with Yongli court more closely than he, these factors must Zheng Chenggong's foresight in being. Therefore, no matter how Reading is to develop the right strategy, and regardless of the country in order to achieve Ming Chung Hsing set on how he painstakingly persuaded, Zheng Chenggong, as a total sea area in Fujian inserted flexible steel bars as the size of external force can cause shaking around him degree, finally I own immovable Southern pillar. Ming and Qing Dynasties of the best military strategist John Reading, the tragedy is that: Sun has been out front against the Qing Dynasty in Yunnan is expected to hate, can not Huguang (now Hunan, Hubei), Jiangxi battlefield displaying such thing; medium high hopes with Bing Yue Zheng Chenggong , Min, join forces north, get in return went through the motions, Xinhui defeat, bereavement division lost, Ming ZTE from hopeless, he can do is follow the example of Zhuge Liang "A dedicated, die."
Zheng Chenggong on Chaozhou, Guangdong Province has attached great importance, it is Zheng major source of family rations. Zheng Hongkui and made many soldiers Chaozhou Zheng Chenggong reason why. But his intention was, hope to surge, according to their own benefit areas to forage, to supply troops, and ZHENG Yong Li court in between is best left a clear party jurisdiction, destroyed by fire resisting walls on this Cheng Group adversely. So, he and Mr John Reading anxious situation, blindly put off delaying strategy. As noted above, John Reading, the second into the broad deployment of six months before the battle has already scheduled rendezvous date of notification of the Guangdong Yi division, may not notice not expect to play a key role in the global strategy of Zheng Chenggong.
From the "kings Record" in the know, Li Jing and will bring the country messenger response is returned to Xiamen three days of no later than September, the "fan must join forces two books, Justice Being the Desire troop movements, loyalist south. To prisoner to the spring, so that temporary difference Golden Gate. " However, he was chosen to drag the country had set October as specified in the letter expected before (on the 15th ago) division of, to October 19 was "laid off teachers south, and the king was (is when John Reading, the king was not yet closed), etc. loyalist rendezvous . Committee left the military auxiliary Ming Hou Linta Governor for the land and water, put all the machines should adjust the military; Committee Youjun Min An Hou Zhourui guide for the Navy, "shuaibing tens of thousands of ships 100," Krzysztof Nanzheng ", also sent officials loyalist Biao Yi Lin Yunqiong turn to line, and the book will be the king was so held (scheduled for plotting when the country), the book goes: "JI Qiu Xing respect to access, read John taught Ponder, skin repair spears and playing power, big break long-cherished wish. ... ... hereby stack bearing large teaching, those things since the accident aircraft How to delay? Chennai respect so spacious camp, the value of Nam Fung Shing Fat, without benefit Nanzheng help the Northern Expedition. ... ... that Yuqian division south, and Five Rams were to take your department, a letter of non-edge style, the find smth hairdressers. ... ... hereby session MENG Dong, north wind can push to make The auxiliary Ming Hou Linta, Min Hou Zhourui other security command, sailing east (?) that, although ashamed of non-VSC banner, however Mian effective hand. Navy focusing on three sides by land division to do its a web, the Guangdong Emirates capture carry on from time to fight. "
Zheng Chenggong this out a few points are worth noting military. First, Cheng has since raised his army command in person whenever there are major battles, the battle into the Guangdong side of the Ming and Qing significant, Reading is plotting a western route is any coach, to his letter has repeatedly stressed the realignment Guangdong's strategic significance, such as saying "something harmonic and Guangdong, Fujian, Zhejiang, direct transfer of a Xi war," then why did he refuse to hand the West on what the military system? The only explanation is that he has been shirking its responsibility in the following preparation. Second, many general Zheng Chenggong, select Linta in land and water division is Admiral can be described as discerning, Li Yongli, when the court is the first backers Shaowu Zheng Linta right, big civil war, then let him reunification Jun Yong Li Cohesion in a sense, the main court is indeed "the best candidate." Third, Jiu Li Rong Zheng Chenggong is a line of command, in faithfulness to his brother in the world, also said he "use of troops are old men", let alone fighting the Qing ZHENG several times with no time for rescue and funeral division lost city He certainly understand that "winning the occasion, hair's breadth" of the truth, then he set the country in early September before the October 15th earnestly urged to arrive at the designated location ZHENG letter, why drag it on the 19th the mobilization of soldiers, "Krzysztof Nanzheng" do? Fourth, Zheng Chenggong Reading is something I already knew from the attack from the previous year, in one fell swoop Guangdong plans to restore, during which the country is also set to urge him to lead the troops repeatedly sent envoys collusion.
Clear view from the archives, who started on October kung licensing soldiers will mobilize, deploy, Nanzheng matters; fourth day on his person at Copper Mountain (now Dongshan County) by the soldiers, boatmen, "Professor Fu Ming Hou Linta positive Admiral , Min-An Hou (Ralph CHOW) as Vice Admiral, 100 under the jurisdiction of the ship, sent to Guangdong Province and the Western Zeibing join. " October 22, Qing Xu Long report Guangdong navy lieutenant, "there are hundreds of boats upstream assembly, security Houzhou Rui Min, Fu Ming Hou Linta have shuaibing south trend. Covered in 23, on the 24th trip have made to Tateishi, have made a visit to Guangdong. " November 19, Linta park in the South Australian Department of camp, "discuss military affairs." Copper Mountain from South Australia, but Barry, Cheng said the letter, "is hereby session MENG Dong, north wind stirring up" a time when the wind one day can be. Zheng Chenggong military parade on October fourth day life at Copper Mountain will be a half months after the camp parking discuss what military affairs in South Australia. Then, after a week that November 25 to 27, Linta s Strategy, led by three hundred such ships to Haifeng, Guangdong Hom Zhai Jin (Kan xiazhai immediately, in Haifeng County South Beach) . Early in December the 5th, Linta Over a hundred leading four boats, his soldiers to the sea level 30 000 Yuzhong into the arrival (the sea level this Huidong County). Linta the same month on the 14th sent a team of white wooden cargo boat boat arrived Dapeng (across the sea with the level of Daya Bay) levy lose fact that rice village, where you hear of Guangdong coastal justice division Wanrong, Chen Qi-making team, it was clear party reconnaissance, Wanrong Zeng Yi pig, wine rewarded ZHENG. On the 15th, Linta boat three hundred ships and other units near the temple door (in Humen two hundred miles south, away from Guangzhou, four hundred miles).
Above have already said John Reading, the defeat in the new session date is December 14, that is, the removal Linta part of the vessel to the same Wanrong Dapeng Chen Yi Qi Policy Division encounter that day. At that time only knew Wanrong so new session is fighting, it is impossible to know given the country retreat, almost certainly because of their strong persuasion, Linta was only one day into the sea from the flat to the Buddhist Church. Some few days later, they will get from the Department of Guangdong righteous army rapidly defeated army of the West will withdraw the country's news, watching the sea for a very long time (which must have sent referrals to the matter of Zheng Chenggong), in Shunzhi years (1655 year) in May returned to Xiamen.
Ming and Qing archives and records left by the two sides show that Zheng Chenggong although sent troops, war is not the intention. Qing Fujian and Guangdong provinces ZHENG senior officials pay close attention to trends, reports to the court date Linta and activities such as the south is quite detailed, but not the contents of any matter of war, that Linta, Rui Zhou was by no means the Department of can not be reached early Qing check the country specific location; fourth day from October to December 14 on a dawdling two months and 10 days reached the level sea, sent some warships to the collected food Dapeng the village, and Yang records Linta, Rui-troops, his status with the loyal subjects to account Bohong Xu Zhen, "according to the proposed" ten months of total food distribution, lack of visible or because forage. The only remaining explanation is in order will be entered into when Zheng Chenggong Qinshou machine should: not Jiaxizhenzuo. The judge can not only delay the time from everywhere on the ZHENG see, from the Qing Fang Fang Zheng records from archives and also could not find any trace of operations, gives the impression that the South China Sea Koxinga organized a large-scale tourism, the organization The change in the Ming and Qing war situation in the battle of John Reading, the means taken to courteously but without sincerity, the consequences are very serious.
"Chi of Taiwan," volume IV in mind Linta, Rui-returns Xiamen report "s Strategy plays Steller's door (that is, Humen), detect defeat John Reading, Wuzhou fall, not into the military, but also teachers." Zheng Chenggong play politics, blame Linta, Rui Zhou and other "loyalist into the aid, Jun Ming of the original free ride once, lingering wait while back, Chao Dian not? Haier Six Prevention recoil, when do is sin." Then ordered Ralph CHOW "wins Jazz cut level, solution of its soldiers handle, never the Public Service"; Linta, who have poor downgrade. In to Reading is the letter wrote: "off-year-old Qu so remote to the same hatred of fellow soldiers of the set, and even break Su heart. With a tie up dry Earnings stomach, large set of floor boat, side carved-way stage, while the spacious member Li Jing Fu Taiwanese life to, to read and then four, to know His Highness the worry within the emergency Jun Fu, Chou Chou circumscribed pain; not eloquent wished he could Yukiho You Hu, straight sweep the Pearl River, focused on the vital homeland to meet with Cheng Yu. nothing was intended to ship division yet to come, while the master has been first class back to several days. have your officers and men from the Department of Guangdong to vote who, hearing it so thin, covered with arrogance caused soldiers fell. the outcome of military strategists of the ordinary, less anxiety. but spacious vessels lingering, can not join forces in advance, but also can not be excited map backup, real and guilt Yan. has land and water all will, validation functions sin, I realized that by complying or not the former, Min An Houzhou Rui, has re-bundle responsibilities, dismissal busy lives, is a study of its active, or have Fa carry on. ... ... "
In summary ,1653-1654 John Reading, the Battle of Guangdong Planning is the last chance Ming ZTE. State plan will focus on what contact Koxinga attack, with the first wipe out the divisions in Guangdong Guangdong Qing Yi, exhibition. These three forces against the Qing Dynasty in China, John Reading, the military justice division of Guangdong are all-out, just as Zheng Chenggong his intention, and finally lost by the wayside. Guangdong justice division in order to achieve the performance given the country's strategic intentions quite enough enthusiasm and praise. States battle new session scheduled after the failure of justice responsible for liaison with the Guangdong Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi Normal Liancheng Bi Ming still campaigned for this thing a joint attack strategy. He Yong Li in June 1655 to the memorial to the throne in the appeal court: "The Swansea division fast hair re-Min Fan Yang, and Qi Chen and Fu-chen GUO drum of a drum and then, by the enemy's weakness, the strong with me, Yuedong inadequate level also. "the following year (1656, Junji 10 years, Yongli years) in July, Liancheng Bi Shu said again to contact him justice division in Guangdong," Caine Department Beach, ... ... pillow to be the king of teachers Ge years, and Fujian division of Council previously received the power is not economic. " Reading is the new session as troops battle equipment to greater losses, but also eager to rush into Enron to meet the Emperor Yongli of Yunnan, attend to the battlefield of eastern Guangdong. Excellent opportunity to naught.
Recovering Taiwan, the expulsion from Dutch
Kangxi Huang Di Chu came to the throne in 1661, before falling to Huang Cheng-Wu Chen off thieves five policies, including a 20-year Evacuation orders from Shandong to Guangdong coast twenty years, cut off financial support Zheng Chenggong; destruction of coastal vessels, inch board allowed the water; also killed the father of Zheng Zhi on Ning Guta successful migration in office, (a city that I cut firewood in Beijing, the government school term of the present West Side alley, Yuan place of execution); dug graves Zheng; moved to the officers and men surrendered, sub-reclamation land.由于 Qing Government's new strategy, Zheng Chenggong and his army cut off the source of income, is facing a serious financial crisis, had to abandon the coastal islands Wei base, southeast coast of the military strategy of harassment, has been a long time to turn Voyage Shi Dai Jin Gong Since the duties and went to Asia, the Portuguese, Spanish, British, Dutch colonial separatism of Taiwan respectively, as a new base year on March 23, Cheng personally led 25,000 soldiers, warships Hundreds of ships, starting from Kinmen Liaoluo Wan, after Penghu, the enemy unexpectedly in Luerhmen and Wo Laos and Hong Kong landing. First to superior force to win the Dutch defense topic begins with a weak city (now in Tainan City), following the strong defense again the capital of Taiwan Town (now Tainan) long siege. After nine months of hard work, by the parent to assist in the early years of Han Chinese immigrants crossing the support to defeat the Dutch in 1662, forced the Premier of a colonial Governor in the same year on December 13 (February 1, 1662) in surrender book signing. Dutch troops to hand over all arms and materiel, including the sick and wounded, including the remnants of about 900 Dutch soldiers and civilians, evacuated the island by boat. The campaign to end the Dutch invaders in the 38-year colonial rule of Taiwan, Taiwan and Taiwan back to the motherland, but also to Zheng Chenggong become a national hero in the eyes of the Chinese people. After recovering Taiwan, Cheng Ji Gao mountains, awarded Settlement Act, to open the East Ningwang Guo, Li Cheng world, has now in southern Taiwan and eastern part of the land, set up a "commitment Tianfu" Tainan change to "Eastern Capital" to show clearly designate the meaning of the East Timor Yongli, Chen left for Ming allegiance. Open up overseas events, anti-Qing overseas. In the same year in April passed between Gui Wang Zhu died in Myanmar from the nut the news. Although there are other Ming imperial clan in Taiwan, but has decided not to own a successful Lixin Emperor, from the Lord of Taiwan. Zheng Chenggong was established in Taiwan, the first Han Chinese regime, however, because the sanitary conditions were poor tropical areas, Zheng Chenggong infection epidemic, finally sick of the same year in June (lunar) died at the age of 38 years. The original burial Tainan wei, 1699 exhumations Nan Anzu tomb. Zheng Jing legend was killed. Emperor Kangxi title essays elegiac couplet: "Four more II Town Center, two islands Tuen division, dare dispute banbishan Southeast; kings free inch of land, corner of anti-Zhi, Fang Zhong knowledge alone overseas."
The protection of overseas Chinese
"Zheng Zhi mass communications"; Chen Wende; Yuan-Liou Publishing; ISBN 957-32-3482-3
Gu Cheng, "Ming Shi"
That the situation of overseas Chinese in the Philippines after 1657, Cheng sent a letter to the island of Java, Batavia had a Chinese Kapitan asked him to stop and the Philippines, the Spanish colonizers to trade. Chinese Zheng Chenggong has repeatedly expressed concern about the Philippines, and proposed to shuaibing capture the Philippines, to punish the Spaniards.
Later, the Zheng Jing also in 1670 and 1671 campaign against the two prepared to send fleet in Manila, but eventually did not send troops.
China has the hands of Zheng Chenggong recovered Taiwan from the Dutch as a national hero Zheng Chenggong and Taiwan independence elements classifies as Han Chinese from Chinese rule, migrants in Taiwan, the establishment of new world model.
According to legend, 1660s, Cheng and their armed forces when passing through the river reach, meet with the supernatural fantasy resulting from large waves, the V strange, Zheng Chenggong throw a sword around before surrender supernatural. Commemorate this event after the man-made, it covered the river and lake basin tailor named sword. However, research by the later generations, this folklore is not true.
A printed version of Jade:
Zheng Yushan with a few generals to find jade, but a pedestrian that day, and saw over and over stones, There is none jade. When a pedestrian intends to go home when the god appeared Yushan, and that without permission, and anyone can find jade.
Yan Zheng passing out rice season Dagangshan soldiers camped, and went temple to worship, pray to see again soon have three treasures. Zheng night around the dream of the Buddha with his play, and pointing hidden treasures Office said: "barn located at the back of the rock, left a thousand axes, there are people the right fire." And then grant the use of fire ax, asked: "The output of rice only in the food, and according to the number taken from, not to take on more."
Omen
Tsaotun Township, Nantou County
Keelung City and Seas
Jian Wang Shi temple guarding the Taiwan Strait landing, the door to remain solid history of heroic drive deer ear load graph. - Town Gate Palace Luerhmen
Founding German gas industry life Zhong Shan Zhuang, Xun name Thousand Years the world the spirit of ASE. - Changhua chutang day open house
Song: Zheng Chenggong
Lyrics: after the string
A history full of heroic elements of a full history of the Biographies of heroic biography of pop elements. Deep inspirational sentiment smooth one, the chorus part of the "Mother of the hands of the line, sewing a few hundred years," the poignant and add excitement, so that everyone can not help moving.
Night, from tomb by Zheng Chenggong, told him the history of pen and paper, all waiting for everyone to write their own ... ...
Kai Embroidery thin outside of history moss
Who left the white page yesterday dipped to dominate Mexico
Throughput over the surging sea
Do aside historical sea
Tomb by rolling
Line of mother's hands
Even if the dream in his sixtieth round
Rap:
Close to the exact answer to the national spirit
Heroes reborn in the middle of the night
Tears never be documented
Eight Immortals had sworn blood
Put up your age
Zheng Chenggong as in the past
Do not miss the moon and new moon on
I am writing a blank page
The shore
Rhetoric which obscures vision
Wind off the body of a compromise
Zheng Chenggong life's greatest achievement is the recovery of Taiwan, and large-scale expulsion of Dutch invaders development of Taiwan. Yongli 15 years (AD 1662) Gan three days in December, led his army three thousand people, most of Quanzhou, the Dutch invaders away from China, Taiwan and Taiwan. Zheng Chenggong realized he recovered Taiwan and the development of Taiwan's ambitions. At that time poem "open Jingzhen by He Yi, ten years before the first base to overcome. Tian Heng There are 3000 visitors, mushrooms bitter relations between the bear to leave." Recover Taiwan, he visited four community to understand their needs and social circumstances, On that bleak island of Taiwan, the implementation of "combine Military agriculture" in law, settlement wasteland, "training in order to force farmers gap is something that the police are Hege to war, no police came to farming is negative." At that time, Taiwan's new land environment is very poor, malaria Li epidemic, "seven or eight of ten patients, the deceased Quito," and even a few of feet python infestation, land clearing tasks are very arduous, the new rate of Zheng Chenggong all officers and soldiers, and actively develop , while taking various measures to step up consolidation of Taiwan's coastal defense, holding the fort from the Dutch invaders "Revenge", weight accounted for Taiwan. Zheng Chenggong led his army through the clutter and blood and sweat, difficult undertaking. As the decade campaign, galloping battle, overwork, in Yongli 16 years (AD 1662) died on eighth day of the lunar month in Taiwan, at the age of 30, nine, burial in Taiwan, Tainan, wei. After 30 years, the Sun Ke-Shuang surrendering after eight years in Kangxi 30 (AD 1699) on May 22 Mao Shi Nan moved coffin burial site in the county, pat buried in ancestral Ying Zheng Kang chomchon's, along with transfer Also buried in the coffin of his son Zheng Jing. In addition to severance under Emperor Kangxi was imperial soldiers pallbearer, but also give a pair of elegiac couplets, Japan: "Four more Janus-faced two-island town of Tuen Southeast Division dare dispute banbishan; kings defend the corner without known anti-Zhi Fang Zhong overseas alone." Later also sent care Misasakimori Tomb Guards. At the same time re-interment in the ancestral Ying Yue Zheng Zhi Vegetarian There is also his father, his mother and his wife's tomb, moved to re-establish after the tomb tombstone.
In 1929, Zheng Ling stolen, immediately save the stone epitaph of two, one for Zheng Jing in 1674 when they returned home repair graves established (the Mount of Olives Epitaph). Ke-Shuang when the other is the re-interment of the "ancestral tomb of Zheng Wen return Epitaph." Zheng Chenggong coffin coffin outline with two inside the first layer of fresh red paint Ze, coffin filled with mercury, bones intact, remove the helmet 1, a robe, waist circumference, jade Xiang Yu 17, each pair of footwear , there is a hair and other precious relics, from Nan Zheng Chenggong Memorial Collection Ishii.
Family genealogy records, according to Zheng Zheng Chenggong
Zheng Zhi five child health
Zheng Jing, Zheng Cong, Paul, Zheng Rui, Zheng Zhi, Zheng W, Cheng Yu, Cheng Wen-Cheng soft, Cheng Fat
Ke-Shuang Health and three sons