阿契美尼德帝國
(
前599年～
前529年)
居魯士二世（大帝）, 岡比西斯一世之子，約前550年–前530年在位 (ruler of Anshan 約前559年 –前550年 徵服米底王國)
居魯士大帝（現代波斯文：کوروشکبیر，傳統譯名為希臘語Κύρος 的拉丁文形式Cyrus的譯音；中文聖經譯為“古列”；前599年－前529年）即居魯士二世。波斯帝國的創建者，阿契美尼德王朝的第一位國王（前549年—前529年在位）。波斯部落領袖岡比西斯一世之子。公元前558年領導波斯部落聯盟，當時波斯還衹是米底的一個附庸。公元前550年，居魯士徵服米底，開始使用“米底諸國國王”的稱號。繼而徵服帕提亞。前546年徵服呂底亞和小亞細亞的各希臘城邦。公元前545年至539年，相繼徵服德蘭吉亞那、馬爾吉安那、花剌子模、粟特、巴剋特利亞、阿裏亞、格多路西亞、薩塔吉底亞、阿拉科西亞、犍陀羅等地；斯基泰人亦告臣服。公元前539年，居魯士率波斯大軍攻占巴比倫。此時居魯士的擴張達到了頂峰；巴比倫以西直至埃及邊界的許多國傢紛紛自願歸順波斯人。居魯士下令修復巴比倫、亞述、埃蘭以及猶太的神廟，准許被歷代巴比倫國王強行遷至美索不達米亞的人民重返各自的國傢。“釋放巴比倫囚虜”一事為猶太人銘記於《聖經》中。居魯士已建成艮古未有的大帝國，巴比倫也成為他的行宮之一，他接受尊號為“巴比倫之王，衆國之王”(萬王之王)。公元前529年，居魯士出徵中亞的遊牧部落馬薩革泰人，戰敗被殺。
居魯士大帝的形象在古代東西方的文學和歷史著作中留下了不可磨滅的痕跡；色諾芬為他寫有一部《居魯士傳》。
Cyrus the Great (Modern Persian: کوروشکبیر, the traditional translation of the Latin form of Greek Κύρος Cyrus the transliteration; Chinese Bible translated as "Cyrus"; before 599 years - 529 years before) that Cyrus II. Founder of the Persian Empire, Achaemenid dynasty's first king (before 549 years - 529 years before the reign). Cambyses I of Persia, son of tribal leaders. 558 BC Persian tribal alliance leadership was the end of the Persian rice is only one client. In 550 BC, Cyrus conquered meters underground, began to use "the end of Asian countries rice king" of the title. Then conquer Parthia. 546 years before the conquest of Lydia and Asia Minor in the Greek city-states. 545 to 539 BC, have conquered Delanjiya that, Margiana, Hualazimo, Sogdian, 巴克特利亚, Arria, 格多路西亚, Sartaj Lydia, 阿拉科西亚, Gandhara, etc.; Scythians were also reported surrender. 539 BC, Cyrus the Persian army captured Babylon rate. At this point Cyrus expansion reached its peak; Babylon, Egypt, west of the border until the voluntary submission of many countries are Persians. Cyrus ordered the restoration of Babylon, Assyria, and Alan and the Jewish temple, to allow the king of Babylon was ancient Mesopotamia, forced relocation of people to return to their respective countries. "Release Babylonian captivity" of the Jews in mind the "Holy Bible". Gen Cyrus has been built not of great empires of ancient Babylon became one of his palaces, he accepted the honorific title of "king of Babylon, king of the United States of" (King of Kings). In 529 BC, Cyrus set off the nomadic tribes of Central Asia Thai Massa leather, defeated killed. Cyrus the Great, the image of the East and West in ancient literary and historical writings left an indelible mark; Xenophon written one of his "Biography of Cyrus."