西周
(?～
前782年)
中国周朝第十一位王。姬姓，名静（一作靖），周厉王之子,死后被追谥为世宗。厉王时国人暴动，大臣召穆公虎将太子静隐藏在自己家中，被国人包围 。 召公以己子代替太子， 使太子得以脱身。共和十四年（前828），厉王死于流放地彘( 今山西霍县 )，大臣拥立静为王。宣王即位后，整顿朝政，使已衰落的周朝一时复兴。宣王的主要功业是讨伐侵扰周朝的戎、狄和淮夷。宣王四年（前824），秦仲为大夫，攻西戎，被杀 。宣王又命其子秦庄公兄弟5人伐西戎，得胜 。五年 ，宣王与尹吉甫一起伐猃狁（即西戎）于彭衙（今陕西澄城西北）。尹吉甫在征狁战争中率师直攻至太原（今甘肃镇原一带），迫使狁向西北退走。对于侵犯江汉地区的淮夷，
周宣王命召穆公及卿士南仲、大师皇父、大司马程伯休父等率军讨伐，沿淮水东行，使当地大小方国中最强大的徐国服从 ，向周朝见 。十八年 ，南仲派驹父、高父前往淮夷，各方国都迎接王命，并进献贡物。其时，宣王还命方叔率师征伐荆蛮（即楚国）。为了巩固对南土的统治，宣王将其舅申伯徙封于谢（今河南南阳）。宣王二十二年，继续西周早年的分封，封其弟友于郑（今陕西华县东）。
周宣王五年至三十九年(公元前823——前789年)，宣王命周军于西北(今陕西、山西、甘肃一带)、东南(今江苏、安徽、湖北一带)进攻戎狄和蛮夷的战争。
宣王中兴，为时短暂。宣王晚年，周王朝重新出现了衰象。宣王干涉鲁国的君位继承，用武力强立鲁孝公，引起诸侯不睦 。三十一年，伐太原戎，三十六年，伐条戎、奔戎 ，都归失败。3 年后 ， 伐申戎 ，虽取得胜利，同年却在千亩之战中败于姜氏之戎，丧失了调遣的南国之师。宣王死后子幽王继位，社会矛盾进一步发展，终于导致西周的覆亡。
晚年的宣王渐渐固执己见，听不进去不同政见。为了显示自己的威风，在鲁国选立继承人的时候，他根据自己的喜好，硬逼着废长立幼。鲁人不服，他就兴兵讨伐，使鲁国陷于混乱，这不仅破坏了周朝的嫡长子继承制度，也引起了同姓诸侯间的不睦，使得诸侯们对宣王更加不满。对诸侯尚且如此，对在朝为官的臣下就更加放肆，更加蛮横无理了。一次，为了一件小事，大夫杜伯触怒了宣王，被判处死刑。他的老朋友左儒急忙上前劝阻，宣王愤怒地斥责说：“在你眼中，只有朋友，没有国君，是何道理？”左儒回答道：“国君有理，臣就顺从国君；朋友有理，臣就支持朋友。现在杜伯并没有罪，不该问斩，所以，臣劝谏大王，不要杀杜伯，否则就会枉杀好人。”“我偏要杀他，你能怎样？”宣王恼怒地说。左儒接道：“臣愿陪杜伯同死。”“我偏偏不让你死，看你能怎么办？”宣王说罢，下令左右斩了杜伯。左儒又羞又气，回到府宅后就自刎而死，此事在大臣间引起一片惊恐。
事后，宣王冷静下来，感到自己确实过分了些，暗暗悔恨，又不好意思明说，以致寝食难安，得了一种怔忡症。一次，他带着臣下外出游猎，借以散心。游猎中，他忽然在车上大叫一声，昏迷了过去，医治无效，几天后死去。后来，就流传开一种说法，说宣王打猎时，忽然看见杜伯从路的左边钻出来，身穿红衣，头戴红冠，手持一张红弓，搭上一支红箭，射中了宣王的要害，夺去了他的性命，这自然是迷信之言，但其死因确实成为千古之谜了。
China's Zhou Dynasty eleventh king. Surnamed, were static (a for Jing), Zhou Li prince, died and was chasing posthumous Outstanding. Li Wang Shiguo Intifada, minister, Prince Jing Zhao Mu Gonghu to hide in their own homes, surrounded by people. Call the public to have children instead of Prince, so Prince escape. Republican 14 years (before 828), Li Wang died in exile in pig (now Mountain West Joan County), Minister crowned king of static. Xuan Wang came to the throne, consolidation affairs of state, bringing the decline of the Zhou Dynasty temporary revival. King Xuan of the Zhou dynasty major exploits is a crusade against intrusion of Rong, Di and Huaiyi. Xuan Wang four years (before 824), Qin Zhong for the doctor, tapping Xi Rong, was killed. Xuan Wang then ordered his son, his brothers 5 Qin Zhuang cutting Xi Rong, victorious. Five years, Xuan Wang and Yin Jifu with cutting Xian Yun (the Xi Rong) at Peng Ya (now Shaanxi Chengcheng Northwest). Yinji Fu Yun war in the rate of levy direct attack to Taiyuan Teachers (now the town of the original area of Gansu), forcing Yun managed to get away to the northwest. For violations of Jianghan region Huaiyi, King Xuan of Zhou and Qing life called duke Ferdinand Chung, Master Wong father, father and other major Division Ma Chengbo off his troops crusade, eastbound along the Huaihe River water to the local size of the party's most powerful country in the Xu obedience See the Zhou Dynasty. 18 years, South Chung Ju sent the father of the father to Huaiyi high, all countries have to meet Wang Ming, and thus offer tribute. The time the royal party also ordered division conquest Jing Man tert-rate (ie the State of Chu). In order to consolidate the rule of the Southern soil, Xuan Wang Xifeng his uncle Shen Po-Yu Xie (Nanyang, Henan Province today). Xuan Wang 2 years and continue to early Western Zhou feudal, Friends of the Cheng Feng brother (now Shaanxi Hua County).
Later years of King Xuan gradually opinionated, not listen to dissent. In order to show their power and prestige, the election legislation in the state of Lu heir, he according to their preferences, and forced the abolition of long-established child. Lu aggrieved, he sending troops crusade to Lu chaos, not only undermines the system of primogeniture Chou's entropy, also caused discord between princes same surname, making princes were more dissatisfied on Xuan Wang. Of the nobility like this, on the DPRK official of the subjects as even more presumptuous, more outrageous the. Once, for a minor matter, big Fudu Bo offended Xuan Wang was sentenced to death. Confucianism hastily left his old friend came forward to dissuade the royal angrily reprimanded, said: "In your eyes, and only friends, no monarch, is what reason?" Left Confucianism replied: "monarch justified, the minister will obey the monarch; friends rational, Robinson on the support of their friends. Now Dubo no guilt, should not Wenzhan, so Chen remonstrate King, do not kill Du Bo, otherwise good people slew. "" I chosen to kill him, how can you? "Xuan Wang said angrily. Confucianism and then left: "The minister Yuanpeidubo with death." "Why do I let you die and see how you can do?" Xuan Wang saying this, ordered the cut around the Du Bo. Left Confucianism You Xiuyou gas, back to the government house died after committing suicide, this caused a panic among the ministers.