西周
(?～
前782年)
中國周朝第十一位王。姬姓，名靜（一作靖），周厲王之子,死後被追謚為世宗。厲王時國人暴動，大臣召穆公虎將太子靜隱藏在自己傢中，被國人包圍 。 召公以己子代替太子， 使太子得以脫身。共和十四年（前828），厲王死於流放地彘( 今山西霍縣 )，大臣擁立靜為王。宣王即位後，整頓朝政，使已衰落的周朝一時復興。宣王的主要功業是討伐侵擾周朝的戎、狄和淮夷。宣王四年（前824），秦仲為大夫，攻西戎，被殺 。宣王又命其子秦莊公兄弟5人伐西戎，得勝 。五年 ，宣王與尹吉甫一起伐獫狁（即西戎）於彭衙（今陝西澄城西北）。尹吉甫在徵狁戰爭中率師直攻至太原（今甘肅鎮原一帶），迫使狁嚮西北退走。對於侵犯江漢地區的淮夷，
周宣王命召穆公及卿士南仲、大師皇父、大司馬程伯休父等率軍討伐，沿淮水東行，使當地大小方國中最強大的徐國服從 ，嚮周朝見 。十八年 ，南仲派駒父、高父前往淮夷，各方國都迎接王命，並進獻貢物。其時，宣王還命方叔率師徵伐荊蠻（即楚國）。為了鞏固對南土的統治，宣王將其舅申伯徙封於謝（今河南南陽）。宣王二十二年，繼續西周早年的分封，封其弟友於鄭（今陝西華縣東）。
周宣王五年至三十九年(公元前823——前789年)，宣王命周軍於西北(今陝西、山西、甘肅一帶)、東南(今江蘇、安徽、湖北一帶)進攻戎狄和蠻夷的戰爭。
宣王中興，為時短暫。宣王晚年，周王朝重新出現了衰象。宣王干涉魯國的君位繼承，用武力強立魯孝公，引起諸侯不睦 。三十一年，伐太原戎，三十六年，伐條戎、奔戎 ，都歸失敗。3 年後 ， 伐申戎 ，雖取得勝利，同年卻在千畝之戰中敗於姜氏之戎，喪失了調遣的南國之師。宣王死後子幽王繼位，社會矛盾進一步發展，終於導致西周的覆亡。
晚年的宣王漸漸固執己見，聽不進去不同政見。為了顯示自己的威風，在魯國選立繼承人的時候，他根據自己的喜好，硬逼着廢長立幼。魯人不服，他就興兵討伐，使魯國陷於混亂，這不僅破壞了周朝的嫡長子繼承制度，也引起了同姓諸侯間的不睦，使得諸侯們對宣王更加不滿。對諸侯尚且如此，對在朝為官的臣下就更加放肆，更加蠻橫無理了。一次，為了一件小事，大夫杜伯觸怒了宣王，被判處死刑。他的老朋友左儒急忙上前勸阻，宣王憤怒地斥責說：“在你眼中，衹有朋友，沒有國君，是何道理？”左儒回答道：“國君有理，臣就順從國君；朋友有理，臣就支持朋友。現在杜伯並沒有罪，不該問斬，所以，臣勸諫大王，不要殺杜伯，否則就會枉殺好人。”“我偏要殺他，你能怎樣？”宣王惱怒地說。左儒接道：“臣願陪杜伯同死。”“我偏偏不讓你死，看你能怎麽辦？”宣王說罷，下令左右斬了杜伯。左儒又羞又氣，回到府宅後就自刎而死，此事在大臣間引起一片驚恐。
事後，宣王冷靜下來，感到自己確實過分了些，暗暗悔恨，又不好意思明說，以致寢食難安，得了一種怔忡癥。一次，他帶着臣下外出遊獵，藉以散心。遊獵中，他忽然在車上大叫一聲，昏迷了過去，醫治無效，幾天後死去。後來，就流傳開一種說法，說宣王打獵時，忽然看見杜伯從路的左邊鑽出來，身穿紅衣，頭戴紅冠，手持一張紅弓，搭上一支紅箭，射中了宣王的要害，奪去了他的性命，這自然是迷信之言，但其死因確實成為千古之謎了。
China's Zhou Dynasty eleventh king. Surnamed, were static (a for Jing), Zhou Li prince, died and was chasing posthumous Outstanding. Li Wang Shiguo Intifada, minister, Prince Jing Zhao Mu Gonghu to hide in their own homes, surrounded by people. Call the public to have children instead of Prince, so Prince escape. Republican 14 years (before 828), Li Wang died in exile in pig (now Mountain West Joan County), Minister crowned king of static. Xuan Wang came to the throne, consolidation affairs of state, bringing the decline of the Zhou Dynasty temporary revival. King Xuan of the Zhou dynasty major exploits is a crusade against intrusion of Rong, Di and Huaiyi. Xuan Wang four years (before 824), Qin Zhong for the doctor, tapping Xi Rong, was killed. Xuan Wang then ordered his son, his brothers 5 Qin Zhuang cutting Xi Rong, victorious. Five years, Xuan Wang and Yin Jifu with cutting Xian Yun (the Xi Rong) at Peng Ya (now Shaanxi Chengcheng Northwest). Yinji Fu Yun war in the rate of levy direct attack to Taiyuan Teachers (now the town of the original area of Gansu), forcing Yun managed to get away to the northwest. For violations of Jianghan region Huaiyi, King Xuan of Zhou and Qing life called duke Ferdinand Chung, Master Wong father, father and other major Division Ma Chengbo off his troops crusade, eastbound along the Huaihe River water to the local size of the party's most powerful country in the Xu obedience See the Zhou Dynasty. 18 years, South Chung Ju sent the father of the father to Huaiyi high, all countries have to meet Wang Ming, and thus offer tribute. The time the royal party also ordered division conquest Jing Man tert-rate (ie the State of Chu). In order to consolidate the rule of the Southern soil, Xuan Wang Xifeng his uncle Shen Po-Yu Xie (Nanyang, Henan Province today). Xuan Wang 2 years and continue to early Western Zhou feudal, Friends of the Cheng Feng brother (now Shaanxi Hua County).
Later years of King Xuan gradually opinionated, not listen to dissent. In order to show their power and prestige, the election legislation in the state of Lu heir, he according to their preferences, and forced the abolition of long-established child. Lu aggrieved, he sending troops crusade to Lu chaos, not only undermines the system of primogeniture Chou's entropy, also caused discord between princes same surname, making princes were more dissatisfied on Xuan Wang. Of the nobility like this, on the DPRK official of the subjects as even more presumptuous, more outrageous the. Once, for a minor matter, big Fudu Bo offended Xuan Wang was sentenced to death. Confucianism hastily left his old friend came forward to dissuade the royal angrily reprimanded, said: "In your eyes, and only friends, no monarch, is what reason?" Left Confucianism replied: "monarch justified, the minister will obey the monarch; friends rational, Robinson on the support of their friends. Now Dubo no guilt, should not Wenzhan, so Chen remonstrate King, do not kill Du Bo, otherwise good people slew. "" I chosen to kill him, how can you? "Xuan Wang said angrily. Confucianism and then left: "The minister Yuanpeidubo with death." "Why do I let you die and see how you can do?" Xuan Wang saying this, ordered the cut around the Du Bo. Left Confucianism You Xiuyou gas, back to the government house died after committing suicide, this caused a panic among the ministers.