| xìng： | jī | |||||||||
| míng： | dàn | |||||||||
| wǎngbǐhào： | wén gōng | |||||||||
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2、 fǔ zhù wǔ wáng jiǎn miè yīn shāng
zhōu rén běn shì huó dòng yú jīn shǎn gān yī dài yǐ nóng yè jiàn cháng de bù zú。 tài wáng、 wáng jì shí kāi shǐ xīng shèng。 wén wáng duàn yú、 ruì zhī sòng， zhēng fá quǎn róng、 mì xū， gǒng gù liǎo hòu fāng， yòu yuè guò dà hé， gōng kè lí guó ( jīn shān xī cháng zhì xī nán )， jìn gōng shāng wáng jīng cháng dǎ liè de hán ( jīn hé nán qìn yáng xī běi )。 miè diào shāng de tóng xìng guó chóng zhī hòu， zài fēng shuǐ xī 'àn jiàn lì liǎo fēng yì ( jīn shǎn xī cháng 'ān xī běi )， yǐ biàn dōng jìn。 wǔ wáng hé zhōu gōng bāng zhù tā men de fù qīn héng héng wén wáng chéng liǎo xī fāng de gòng zhù， diàn dìng liǎo miè diào shāng cháo de jī chǔ。
yīn zhòu wáng bìng méi yòu shēn kè rèn shí dào xī fāng jī xìng shì lì fā zhǎn de yán zhòng xìng， tā duì wài zhēng dōng yí， duì nèi jù jiàn shì fēi， chún jiǔ fù rén， jiǔ chí ròu lín， bǎ guó nèi zhèng zhì gǎo dé yī piàn hùn luàn。 wén wáng sǐ hòu， wǔ wáng jí wèi， yǐ zhōu gōng wéi zuì zhù yào de dé lì zhù shǒu， zài zhào gōng、 bì gōng děng bāng zhù xià， zài méng ( mèng ) jīn guān bīng， dà huì tiān xià zhū hóu。 zhè shì yī zhǒng jìn gōng qián de zǒng yǎn xí， yě shì yī zhǒng shì tàn。 guān bīng hòu de dì 'èr nián shí 'èr yuè， wǔ wáng zài zhōu gōng děng rén de bāng zhù xià， tǒng shuài zhàn chē sān bǎi liàng， hǔ bēn sān qiān rén， jiá shì sì wàn wǔ qiān rén， dù guò méng jīn。 èr yuè jiá zǐ ( yuē qián 1027 nián ) líng chén， wǔ wáng zài shāng jiāo mù yě jí zhòng shì shī， shì cí jiù shì《 shàng shū》 zhōng de《 mù shì》。
《 mù shì》 shì zhōu gōng suǒ zuò。 quán wén fēn zuò liǎng duàn。 dì yī duàn tòng chì shāng zhòu wáng zhǐ tīng fù rén ( dá jǐ ) de huà， bù jì sì zǔ xiān tiān dì zhī shén； lián zì jǐ tóng zǔ xiōng dì dōubù jìn yòng， fǎn 'ér zhòng yòng sì fāng táo wáng de zuì rén， ràng tā men bào nüè bǎi xìng， dǎo zhì tiān nù rén yuàn， zhāo zhì yīn zhòu wáng miè wáng； dì 'èr duàn shēn míng zì jǐ shì gōng xíng tiān fá， xuān bù zuò zhàn jì lǜ， gǔ lì zhàn shì yǒng měng shā dí。
zhòu wáng fā bīng dǐ dǎng， jiēguǒ zhòu jūn diào zhuǎn máo tóu， wǎng huí chōng shā， zhòu jūn kuì bài。 zhòu wáng dēng shàng lù tái， zì fén 'ér sǐ。 dì 'èr tiān， zhōu gōng bǎ dà yuè， zhào gōng bǎ xiǎo yuè， zài wǔ wáng zuǒ yòu， xiàng shàng tiān hé yīn mín xuān bù zhòu wáng zuì zhuàng， zhèng shì xuān bù yīn cháo miè wáng， zhōu cháo qǔ 'ér dài zhī， wǔ wáng wéi tiān zǐ。 qí tā rén bù guò fù zé yí zhàng、 bǎo wèi、 bù zhì jì tiān dì de yòng jù。 liǎng xiāng bǐ jiào， wǒ men kě yǐ kàn chū zhōu gōng de dì wèi jǐn cì yú wǔ wáng， zhōu gōng bǎ de dà yuè shì yī zhǒng quán lì de xiàng zhēng。
zhòu wáng shì sǐ diào liǎo， kě shì duì rú hé chǔzhì yīn shāng yí mín hé shàng céng guì zú de wèn tí， wǔ wáng yī shí ná bù dìng zhù yì。 tā shǒu xiān wèn tài gōng wàng héng héng jiāng shàng。 tài gōng shuō：“ wǒ tīng shuō guò， ài wū jí wū。 rú guǒ xiāng fǎn， rén bù zhí yī 'ài， nà me cūn luò lǐ de lí bā、 wéi qiáng yě bù bì bǎo liú。” yì sī shì bù guāng shā diào yīn zhòu， lián dí duì de yīn rén yě bù néng bǎo liú， ér yào tǒng tǒng shā diào。 zhōu wǔ wáng bù tóng yì。 yòu zhǎo lái zhào gōng shāng liàng。 zhào gōng shuō：“ yòu zuì de shā， méi zuì de liú xià。” wǔ wáng shuō：“ bù xíng。” yú shì yòu zhǎo lái zhōu gōng。 zhōu gōng shuō：“ ràng yīn rén zài tā men yuán lái de zhù chù 'ān jū， gēngzhòng yuán lái de tǔ dì。 zhēng qǔ yīn rén dāng zhōng yòu yǐng xiǎng yòu rén dé de rén。” zhōu gōng zhè zhǒng gěi yǐ shēng lù， jiù dì 'ān zhì， fēn huà wǎ jiě de zhèng cè， shēn dé wǔ wáng de zàn xǔ。 wǔ wáng mìng lìng zhào gōng shì fàng bèi qiú jìn de jī zǐ hé bèi guān yā de guì zú； xiū zhěng shāng róng gù jū， bìng qiě shè lì liǎo biāo zhì； ràng hóng yāo péi gāo wáng zǐ bǐ gān de fén mù； mìng lìng nán gōng kuò sàn fā liǎo lù tái de qián cái， dǎ kāi jù qiáo de liáng cāng， zhèn jì jī 'è de yīn mín。 zhè yī qiē cuò shī dū biǎo míng yào fǎn yīn zhòu zhī dào 'ér xíng zhī， gěi shòu yīn zhòu cán hài de rén píng fǎn zhāo xuě， dà lì zhēng qǔ yīn rén。
wǔ wáng wèile“ píng fān zhōu shì”， gǒng wèi zhōu wáng cháo， jìn xíng liǎo fēng jiàn。 bèi fēng de xiōng dì zhī guó yòu shí wǔ rén， jī xìng zhī guó yòu sì shí rén； yòu xiàng cān jiā mù yě zhī zhàn de zhū hóu fēn fā liǎo shāng cháo zōng miào yí qì hé bǎo wù。
3、 dōng zhēng pàn guó píng dìng sān jiān
yuán lái shāng wáng cháo zhí jiē tǒng zhì de dì fāng， wǔ wáng bǎ tā fēn chéng sān bù fēn， bèi yóu zhòu wáng zhī zǐ wǔ gēng lù fù zhǎng guǎn， wèi yóu cài shū dù zhǎng guǎn， yōng S yóu guǎn shū xiān zhǎng guǎn， shǐ chēng“ sān jiān”。 ( yě yòu de shuō guǎn shū、 cài shū、 huò shū chēng wéi“ sān jiān”。 dàn shuō huò shū wéi“ sān jiān” zhī yī，《 shǐ jì》、《 hàn shū》 děngdōu bù zài。 ) guǎn shū de fēng dì zài guǎn ( jīn hé nán zhèng zhōu yī dài )， cài shū de fēng dì zài cài ( jīn hé nán shàng cài yī dài )。 fēng shū dàn yú lǔ ( jīn shān dōng qū fù )， wéi zhōu gōng。 fēng tài gōng wàng yú yíng qiū ( jīn shān dōng lín zī běi )。 fēng zhào gōng shuǎng yú yàn。 ( jīn běi jīng xī nán， yī shuō zài běi jīng。 )
miè shāng guī lái， zài gǎo jīng wǔ wáng tóng zhōu gōng tán qǐ zài luò shuǐ hé yī shuǐ zhī jiān de píng yuán dì dài jiàn lì xīn dū， yǐ biàn kòng zhì dōng fāng。 yóu yú rì yè cāo láo， wǔ wáng shēn rǎn zhòng bìng， zhōu gōng qián chéng dì xiàng zǔ xiān tài wáng、 wáng jì、 wén wáng qí dǎo。 tā shuō： nǐ men de yuán sūn mǒu dé liǎo wēi bào zhòng bìng， rú guǒ nǐ men qiàn liǎo shàng tiān yī gè hái zǐ， nà jiù ràng wǒ qù dài tì tā。 wǒ yòu rén dé， yòu duō cái duō yì。 nǐ men de yuán sūn mǒu bù rú wǒ duō cái duō yì， bù néng shì fèng guǐ shén。 jīn tiān wǒ men kàn lái， jué dé zhè zhǒng qí dǎo shì hǎo xiào de， kě shì duì sān qiān duō nián qián xiāng xìn tiān mìng guǐ shén de zhōu rén lái shuō， nà shì shí fēn zhēn chéng wú sī de。 qí dǎo yǐ hòu， wǔ wáng de bìng suī rán yòu suǒ hǎo zhuǎn， dàn bù jiǔ hái shì bìng gù liǎo。 wǔ wáng zài lín zhōng qián yuàn yì bǎ wáng wèi chuán gěi yòu dé yòu cái de shū dàn héng héng zhōu gōng， bìng qiě shuō zhè shì bù xū zhàn bǔ， kě yǐ dāng miàn jué dìng。 zhōu gōng tì qì bù zhǐ， bù kěn jiē shòu。 wǔ wáng sǐ hòu， tài zǐ sòng jì wèi， shì wéi chéng wáng。 chéng wáng bù guò shì gè shí duō suì de hái zǐ。 miàn duì guó jiā chū lì， shàng wèi wěn gù， nèi yōu wài huàn jiē zhǒng 'ér lái de fù zá xíng shì， chéng wáng shì jué duì yìng fù bù liǎo de。《 shàng shū · dà gào》 shuō：“ yòu dà jiān yú xī tǔ， xī tǔ rén yì bù jìng。”《 shǐ jì · zhōu běn jì》 yě shuō：“ qún gōng jù， mù bǔ。” wǔ wáng zhī sǐ shǐ zhěng gè guó jiā shī qù liǎo zhòng xīn， xíng shì pò qiē xū yào yī wèi jì yòu cáigàn yòu yòu wēi wàng de néng jí shí chǔlǐ wèn tí de rén lái shōu shí zhè zhǒng jú miàn， zhè gè zé rèn biàn luò dào liǎo zhōu gōng jiān shàng。 zhōu gōng zhí zhèng chēng wáng， fā huī liǎo wáng de zuò yòng。 zhè zài dāng shí shì zì rán de shì qíng。 gǔ shū zhōng yòu bù shǎo zhōu gōng chēng wáng de jìzǎi， zhǐ shì dào liǎo hàn dài， dà yī tǒng hé jūn quán zhì shàng jú miàn xíng chéng zhī hòu， zhōu gōng chēng wáng biàn chéng bù kě sī yì， yú shì cái yòu zhōu gōng shì“ shè zhèng”、“ jiǎ wáng” děng děng shuō fǎ。
wén wáng de fù qīn jì lì bìng fēi zhǎngzǐ， tā shàng biān yòu liǎng wèi gē gē héng héng tài bó、 zhòng yōng； wǔ wáng shàng miàn yòu wén wáng de zhǎngzǐ bó yì（ bó yì kǎo shì zhuī jì zhī míng，“ kǎo” shì zhǐ sǐ qù de fù qīn）。 zhōu gōng yǐ zhǒng zǎi de shēn fèn shè xíng wáng shì， wèi céng chēng wáng， guǎn shū yòu yì zhēng quán， yú shì sàn bù liú yán：“ zhōu gōng jiāng bù lì yú rú zǐ ( chéng wáng )”。 miè yīn hòu de dì sān nián， ( qián 1024 nián )， guǎn shū、 cài shū gǔ dòng qǐ wǔ gēng lù fù yī qǐ pàn zhōu。 qǐ lái xiǎng yìng de yòu dōng fāng de xú、 yǎn、 huái yí děng jǐ shí gè yuán lái tóng yīn shāng guān xì mìqiè de dà xiǎo fāng guó。 zhè duì gāng gāng jiàn lì sān nián duō de zhōu cháo lái shuō， shì gè yì cháng chén zhòng de dǎ jī。 rú guǒ pàn luàn bù jiā yǐ kè fú， zhōu wáng cháo jiù huì miàn lín jí dà kùn nán， zhōu wén wáng cǎn dàn jīng yíng jǐ shí nián jiàn lì qǐ lái de gōng yè jiù huì huǐ diào。 zhōu wáng shì chù zài fēng yǔ piāo yáo zhī zhōng。 zài wáng shì nèi bù yě yòu rén duì zhōu gōng chēng wáng chí huái yí tài dù。 zhè zhǒng nèi wài jiā gōng de jú miàn， shǐ zhōu gōng chǔjìng shí fēn kùn nán。 tā shǒu xiān wěn dìng nèi bù， bǎo chí tuán jié， shuō fú tài gōng wàng hé zhào gōng shuǎng。 tā shuō：“ wǒ zhī suǒ yǐ bù huí bì kùn nán xíng shì 'ér chēng wáng， shì dān xīn tiān xià bèi pàn zhōu cháo。 fǒu zé wǒ wú yán huí bào tài wáng、 wáng jì、 wén wáng。 sān wáng yōu láo tiān xià yǐ jīng hěn jiǔ liǎo， ér jīn cái yòu suǒ chéng jiù。 wǔ wáng guò zǎo dì lí kāi liǎo wǒ men， chéng wáng yòu rú cǐ nián yòu， wǒ shì wèile chéng jiù zhōu wáng cháo， cái zhè me zuò。” zhōu gōng tǒng yī liǎo nèi bù yì jiàn zhī hòu， dì 'èr nián ( qián 1023 nián ) jǔ xíng dōng zhēng， tǎo fá guǎn、 cài、 wǔ gēng。 shì qián jìn xíng liǎo zhàn bǔ， fā bù liǎo《 dà gào》。
gōng yuán qián 1022 nián shùn lì dì tǎo píng liǎo sān jiān de pàn luàn， shā diào liǎo shǒu 'è guǎn shū xiān， qín huí bìng shā diào liǎo běi táo de wǔ gēng， liú fàng liǎo zuì guò jiào qīng de cài shū dù。 cài shū sǐ liǎo yǐ hòu， tā de 'ér zǐ hú“ shuài dé xùn shàn”， hé tā de fù qīn dà bù yī yàng。 zhōu gōng tīng dào zhī hòu， biàn tí bá tā zuò lǔ guó qīng shì， hú bǎ lǔ guó zhì lǐ dé hěn hǎo， zhōu gōng yòu bǎ hú fēng dào xīn cài。
zhōu gōng tǎo píng guǎn cài zhī hòu， chéng shèng xiàng dōng fāng jìn jūn， miè diào liǎo yǎn ( jīn shān dōng qū fù ) děng wǔ shí duō gè guó jiā， bǎ fēi lián gǎn dào hǎi biān shā diào。 cóng cǐ zhōu de shì lì yán shēn dào hǎi biān。
4、 dà xíng fēng jiàn yǐ píng zhōu shì
rú hé tǒng zhì bèi zhēng fú de dì qū， shì zhàn zhēng shèng lì zhī hòu de dà wèn tí， wǔ gēng hé yǎn guó、 huái yí de pàn luàn， biǎo míng zhòng yào dì qū bù néng zài yòng jiù de shì zú shǒu lǐng， bì xū fēn fēng zhōu zú zhōng zuì kě xìn lài de chéng yuán， zhè hé wǔ wáng fēn fēng yǐ jīng yòu suǒ bù tóng。 zhōu gōng bǎ dì dì kāng shū fēng dào yuán lái shāng wáng tǒng zhì de zhōng xīn dì qū， yǐ zhāogē wéi dū ( jīn hé nán qí xiàn )， fēn gěi tā yīn mín qī zú： táo shì； shī shì、 fán shì、 qiāng shì、 fán shì、 jī shì、 zhōng kuí shì， duō shì xiē yòu mǒu zhǒng shǒu gōng yì zhuān cháng de shì zú。 kāng shū fēng dì bù jǐn miàn jī dà， ér qiě tǒng yòu bā shī bīng lì， yǐ fáng zhǐ yīn mín de zài dù fǎn kàng。
wèile shǐ kāng shū shùn lì dì jìn xíng tǒng zhì， zhōu gōng xiān hòu gěi kāng shū《 kāng gào》、《 jiǔ gào》、《 zǐ cái》 sān piān wén gào。 zhè zài zhòng duō shòu fēng rén zhōng jiān shì jué wú jǐn yòu de。 tuī cè qí yuán yīn， yī zé shì kāng shū tǒng zhì de wéi yīn rén fù xīn dì dài， wèn tí zuì jiān ruì zuì fù zá； èr zé shì zhōu gōng shǒu xiān zhēng fú de， yě shì sān jiān fǎn zhōu suǒ jù de yīn rén jí zhōng de dì fāng， ér zhàn zhēng shèng lì zhī hòu， kāng shū shòu fēng yě bǐ jiào zǎo。《 kāng gào》、《 jiǔ gào》、《 zǐ cái》 kě yǐ kàn zuò shì zhōu gōng duì xīn zhēng fú dì qū de shī zhèng gāng lǐng。 sān piān de zhù zhǐ shì“ jìng tiān bǎo mín”、“ míng dé shèn fá”， wéi de shì shǐ yīn mín zài lián xù liǎng cì dà dòng dàng zhī hòu 'ān dìng xià lái， shǐ yīn mín cóng shì zhèng cháng de nóng yè shēng chǎn hé shāng yè huó dòng。 dàn yòu bù shì yī wèi qiān jiù， duì yǐn jiǔ chéng fēng， bù xiào bù yǒu shì háo bù kè qì de。
yǎn shì dōng fāng jiào dà de fāng guó， guǎn、 cài sàn bù liú yán yǐ hòu， yǎn jūn céng duì wǔ gēng lù fù shuō：“ wǔ wáng yǐ jīng sǐ liǎo， chéng wáng nián yòu， zhōu gōng bèi huái yí， zhè yàng tiān xià yào luàn liǎo， qǐng jǔ shì ( pàn zhōu )。” zhōu gōng bèi fēng dào yǎn， zhǎngzǐ bó qín jiù fēng， jiàn lì lǔ guó ( jīn shān dōng qū fù )。 fēn gěi bó qín yīn mín liù zú： xú shì、 tiáo shì、 xiāo shì、 suǒ shì、 cháng sháo shì、 wěi sháo shì。 zhè xiē yědōu shì jù yòu mǒu zhǒng zhuān cháng de shǒu gōng yì shì zú， zuò wéi lǔ gōng de nú lì。
bó gū děng guó yě céng cānyù fǎn zhōu， shī shàng fù héng héng jiāng tài gōng yuán bèi fēng wéi qí hóu， dū yíng qiū ( jīn shān dōng lín liù běi )。 tài gōng shì wèi zhì yǒng shuāng quán de jiànglǐng。 wǔ wáng fá zhòu shí tā shuài xiān chōng rù dí zhèn， zhè cì zhōu gōng dōng zhēng， tā yòu lì xià dà gōng， fēng dì xiāng dāng dà。 zhōu gōng ràng zhào gōng fēng gěi tài gōng de tǔ dì shì“ dōng zhì hǎi， xī zhì hé， nán zhì mù líng， běi zhì wú dì。” tóng shí hái jù yòu zhuān zhēng zhuān fá de tè quán，“ wǔ hóu jiǔ bó， shí dé zhēng zhī。” yíng qiū fù jìn hái yòu xǔ duō xiǎo guó， tài gōng jiù fēng shí dōng yí zú lāi rén jiù hé tā zhēng dì。 qí guó xiān hòu miè diào zhè xiē xiǎo guó， ér chéng wéi dōng fāng dà guó。
zhōu de tóng xìng zhào gōng shì bèi fēng dào yàn， zhào gōng zhǎngzǐ zài píng pàn zhī hòu cái jiù fēng， jiàn dū yú jì ( jīn běi jīng yī dài )。 yàn shì zhōu wáng cháo dōng běi fāng de píng zhàng。 tā de shè lì kě yǐ qiē duàn yīn shāng jiù zú hé tā de běi fāng tóng xìng gū zhú guó de lián xì， yòu kě yǐ hé sōng huā jiāng、 hēi lóng jiāng、 liáo hé yī dài de sù shèn zú kào jìn。 sù shèn yuán shì zhōu de yuǎn fāng shǔ guó。 jìn nián běi jīng hé liáo nán dū fā xiàn bù shǎo shāng、 zhōu tóng qì。 zhèng shí zhōu chū de yàn què shí tǒng zhì běi fāng guǎng dà lǐng tǔ。
zhōu wǔ wáng fá zhòu， wēi zǐ shǒu chí jì qì lái dào jūn mén， tuō qù shàng yī， lù chū bì bǎng， fǎn fù zhe shuāng shǒu， guì zhe qián xíng， xiàng wǔ wáng tóu jiàng。 wǔ wáng qīn zì gěi tā jiě liǎo bǎng， réng rán ràng tā guǎn lǐ dāng chū de fēng guó。 sān jiān zhī luàn， wēi zǐ méi yòu cān jiā。 zhōu gōng píng pàn zhī hòu mìng tā dài biǎo yīn rén hòu dài， fèng sì yīn de xiān gōng xiān wáng， lì guó yú sòng ( jīn hé nán shāng qiū )。 hòu lái sòng chéng wèiyòu míng de dà guó。 sòng de xī miàn yòu sì xìng qǐ guó ( jīn hé nán qǐ xiàn )， xī nán yòu guī xìng de chén ( jīn hé nán huái yáng )， běi miàn hái yòu yī xiē xiǎo guó。 sòng chù zài zhū guó bāo wéi zhī zhōng。
chú qù shàng shù guó jiā zhī wài， zhōu gōng hái fēn fēng liǎo dà liàng de tóng xìng guó hé yì xìng guó。 jù《 gǒu zǐ · zhǎo xiào》 jìzǎi， zhōu gōng“ lì qī shí yī guó， jī xìng dú jū wǔ shí sān rén。《 zuǒzhuàn》 xī gōng 'èr shí sì nián， fù liáng shuō：“ zhōu gōng dì 'èr shū zhī bù xián， gù fēng jiàn qīn qī yǐ fān píng zhōu。 guǎn、 cài、 chéng、 huò、 lǔ、 wèi、 máo、 dān、 gào、 yōng、 cáo、 téng、 bì、 yuán、 fēng、 huán， wén zhī zhāo yě。 hán、 jìn、 yìng、 hán， wǔ zhī mù yě。 fán、 jiǎng、 xíng、 máo、 zuò、 jì， zhōu gōng zhī yìn yě。” kě jiàn zhōu gōng fēng de dà dà xiǎo xiǎo de guó jiā， shǔbù zài shǎo。
wǔ wáng kè shāng zhǐ shì dǎ jī liǎo shāng wáng cháo de hé xīn bù fēn， zhí dào zhōu gōng dōng zhēng cái sǎo qīng liǎo tā de wài wéi shì lì。 sān nián de dōng zhēng miè guó jìn guǎn yòu wǔ shí gè zuǒ yòu， ér zhàn lǐng dì de gǒng gù hé kuò dà hái shì zài fēn fēng tóng xìng zhī hòu。 dōng zhēng yǐ hòu， zhōu rén zài yě bù shì xī fāng de“ xiǎo bāng zhōu”， ér chéng wéi dōng zhì hǎi， nán zhì huái hé liú yù， běi zhì liáo dōng de yāng yāng dà guó liǎo。
zhōu gōng dōng zhēng xiàng jí fēng zhòu yǔ xíjuǎn liǎo dà hé xià yóu， jiǎo dòng liǎo yuán yòu mín zú bù luò de gé jú。 xú guó yī bù fēn táo dào jiāng nán ( jīn jiāng xī )； yī bù fēn dōng yí bèi gǎn dào huái hé liú yù； yíng xìng xī qiān； chǔ guó táo dào dān shuǐ liú yù。 zhè zào chéng liǎo mín zú dà qiān xǐ dà róng hé。
dōng zhēng de zhàn dǒu shì cán kù 'ér jī liè de，《 shī jīng · bīn fēng · pò fǔ》：“ jì pò wǒ fǔ， yòu quē wǒ sī。 zhōu gōng dōng zhēng， sì guó shì huáng。 āi wǒ rén sī， yì kǒng zhī jiāng。” zhàn shì men gēn zhe zhōu gōng dōng zhēng， fǔ zǐ kǎn chū liǎo quē kǒu， zòng shǐ bǎo jīng zhàn dǒu de kǔ chǔ， néng gòu shēng hái shì hěn xìng yùn de liǎo。 dōng zhēng de zhàn shì sī niàn jiā xiāng， yī dàn jiě jiá guī tián， xīn zhōng chōng mǎn liǎo zhǒng zhǒng xiá xiǎng，《 shī jīng · bīn fēng · dōng shān》， jiù shì zhè zhǒng xīn lǐ de shēng dòng xiě zhào。 zài yě bù shì nèi wài jiāo kùn， zhàn dǒu zhī qián de nà zhǒng“ fēng yǔ suǒ piāo yáo， yú wéi yīn jiào jiào” de jú miàn liǎo。
5、 yíng jiàn luò yì zhì lǐ zuò lè
dōng fāng liáo kuò jiāng yù de kāi tuò， yào qiú tǒng zhì zhòng xīn de dōng yí。 zhōu gōng dōng zhēng bān shī zhī hòu， biàn zhuóshǒu yíng jiàn dōng dū luò yì。 jiàn chéng de zhù yào láo lì shì“ yīn wán mín”， jí yīn rén dāng zhōng de shàng céng fènzǐ。“ wán mín” xī qiān， yī zé shǐ tā men tuō lí liǎo yuán lái zhù dì， shī qù liǎo shè huì yǐng xiǎng； èr zé jí zhōng qǐ lái， biàn yú kānguǎn。 wèile kānguǎn yīn wán mín， zhōu gōng céng jīng pài liǎo bā shī bīng lì zhù shǒu。
dōng dū luò yì wèi yú yī shuǐ hé luò shuǐ liú jīng de yī luò pén dì zhōng xīn， dì shì píng tǎn， tǔ rǎng féi wò， nán wàng lóng mén shān， běi yǐ māng shān， qún shān huán bào， dì shì xiǎn yào。 yī、 luò、 zhàn、 jiàn sì xiǎo huì liú qí jiān。 dōng yòu hǔ láo guān， xī yòu hán gǔ guān， jù dōng xī jiāo tōng de yān hóu yào dào。 shùn dà hé 'ér xià， kě dá yīn rén gù dì。 shùn luò shuǐ， kě dá qí、 lǔ。 nán yòu rǔ、 yǐng 'èr shuǐ， kě dá xú yí、 huái yí。 yī、 luò pén dì què shí shì dìng dū de hǎo dì fāng。
zhōu gōng chēng wáng de dì wǔ nián ( qián 1020 nián )， zhèng shì yíng jiàn luò yì。 sān yuè chū wǔ， zhào gōng xiān lái dào luò yì， jīng guò zhàn bǔ， bǎ chéng zhǐ què dìng zài jiàn shuǐ hé luò shuǐ de jiāo huì chù， bìng jìn 'ér guī huá chéng kuò、 zōng miào、 cháo、 shì de jù tǐ wèi zhì， wǔ yuè shí yī rì guī huá chéng gōng。 dì 'èr tiān， zhōu gōng lái dào luò yì， quán miàn shì chá liǎo xīn yì guī huá， chóngxīn zhàn bǔ。 bǔ zhào biǎo míng zhàn shuǐ xī hé zhàn shuǐ dōng， luò shuǐ zhī bīn yíng jiàn xīn dōudà jí。 jīng guò yī nián zuǒ yòu de shí jiān jiàn chéng。 chéng fāng yī qiān qī bǎi 'èr shí zhàng， wài chéng fāng qī shí lǐ。 chéng nèi gōng diàn fù lì táng huáng， xīn dū jiào“ xīn yì ’’ huò“ xīn luò yì”； yīn cǐ dì yuán yòu 'è yì， běi yòu jiá shān， gù yòu chēng“ jiá pí”。 xīn dū wéi zhōu wáng suǒ jū， yòu jiào“ wáng chéng”。 xīn yì dōng jiāo， zhàn shuǐ yǐ dōng yīn mín zhù dì jiào“ chéng zhōu”， yì sī shì chéng jiù zhōu dào。 yuán lái de gǎo jīng jiù chēng zuò“ zōng zhōu” liǎo。
dōng dū luò yì jiàn chéng zhī hòu， zhōu gōng zhào jí tiān xià zhū hóu jǔ xíng shèng dà qìng diǎn。 zài zhè lǐ zhèng shì cè fēng tiān xià zhū hóu， bìng qiě xuān bù gè zhǒng diǎn zhāng zhì dù。 yě jiù shì suǒ wèi“ zhì lǐ zuò lè”。
wèile gǒng gù zhōu de tǒng zhì， zhōu gōng xiān hòu fā bù liǎo gè zhǒng wén gào， cóng zhè lǐ kě yǐ kuī jiàn zhōu gōng zǒng jié xià yīn de tǒng zhì jīng yàn， zhì dìng xià lái de gè zhǒng zhèng cè。 zhōu gōng céng xiān hòu gěi wèi kāng shū《 kāng gào》、《 jiǔ gào》、《 zǐ cái》 sān piān wén gào。
《 kāng gào》 de mùdì shì 'ān dìng yīn mín， quán piān nèi róng bù wài shì“ míng dé shèn fá”。 zhōu wén wáng yīn wéi“ míng dé shèn fá， bù gǎn wǔ guān guǎ” cái yòu tiān xià。 yīn dài“ xiān zhé wáng” yě shì 'ān mín， bǎo mín。“ míng dé” de jù tǐ nèi róng zhī yī jiù shì“ bǎo yīn mín”。“ shèn fá”， shì yǐ fǎ xíng shì， qí zhōng bāo kuò yīn fǎ de hé lǐ chéngfèn。 xíng fá bù kě làn yòng， yòu de 'àn qíng yào kǎo lǜ wǔ、 liù tiān， shí lái tiān， cái néng pàn dìng。 zhì yú shā rén yuè huò，“ bù xiào bù yǒu” de， yào“ xíng cí wú shè”。 wén gào zhōng fǎn fù qiáng diào“ kāng mín”、“ bǎo mín”、“ yù mín”、“ shù mín”。 gào jiè kāng shū yào qín miǎn cóng shì， bù kě tān tú 'ān yì。“ tiān mìng” bù shì gù dìng bù biàn de， néng“ míng dé shèn fá” cái yòu tiān mìng。“ míng dé shèn fá’’ yě bù shì yī qièzhào jiù， ér shì cān zhuó yīn fǎ， tuī xíng zhōu fǎ， shǐ yīn rén“ zuò xīn mín”。
《 jiǔ gào》 shì zhēn duì yīn mín yǐn jiǔ chéng fēng 'ér fā de。 niàng jiǔ yào yòng qù dà liàng liáng shí， zhè zhǒng yǐn jiǔ fēng xí zài yǐ nóng yè qǐ jiā de zhōu rén kàn lái， jiǎn zhí wú fǎ róng rěn。 zhōu gōng bìng fēi wán quán jìn jiǔ， zài yòu jì sì qìng diǎn de shí hòu hái shì kě yǐ hē yī diǎn。 qún yǐn shì bù xíng de， bù kě fàng guò， yào tōng tǒng zhuō lái“ yǐ guī yú zhōu”，“ yú qí shā”。“ yú qí shā” shì wǒ jiāng yào shā， wèi bì shā。 suǒ yǐ“ guī yú zhōu”， shì bù yào gěi yīn rén yǐ xiàng“ xiǎo zǐ fēng xíng rén shā rén” de yìn xiàng。 zhè tóng“ bǎo mín”、“ ān mín” shì yī zhì de。 yīnggāi yǐn dǎo yīn mín qù“ yì shǔ jì” jí zhǒng zhuāng jià， yě kě“ zhào qiān niú， yuǎn fú jiǎ”， qù jīng shāng yǎng fù mǔ。 yīn dài xiān wáng， cóng chéng tānɡ zhì dì yǐ dōubù gǎn“ zì xiá zì yì”， gèng hé kuàng gǎn jù huì yǐn jiǔ liǎo。 zhì yú gōng jiàng yǐn jiǔ， lìng dāng bié lùn， bù yào shā， gū qiě xiān jìn xíng jiào yù。 zài zhèng cè shàng qū bié duì dài shì shí fēn xiān míng de。
《 zǐ cái》 yě hái shì tí chàng“ míng dé”， fǎn duì“ hòu wáng shā rén”。 zhì yú mín rén zhī jiān， yě bù yào xiāng cán hài， xiāng nüè dài， nǎi“ zhì yú jìng guǎ， zhì yú shǔ fù， hé yóu yǐ róng”。 shàng shàng xià xià bù nüè shā 'ér“ jìng guǎ”， ér“ hé yóu yǐ róng”， zì rán huì chū xiàn 'ān dìng de jú miàn。 zhè zhǒng jú miàn de xíng chéng bù shì qīng yì kě yǐ dé dào de， yào xiàng nóng mín nà yàng qín chú cǎo， zhěng dì， duò zhěng tián jiè shuǐ gōu； xiàng wéi xiū jū chù nà yàng， qín xiū yuán qiáng， bì shàng tú ní， dǐng shàng gài cǎo； yòu rú tóng jiàng rén zhì qì， qín shì xiū sī， zài tú shàng hēi qī hé hóng qī。 zǒng zhī， qín yòng míng dé、 bǎo mín， cái néng“ wàn nián wéi ( wéi ) wáng”。
sān piān guàn chuān yī gè jī běn sī xiǎng shì 'ān dìng yīn mín， bù gěi yīn mín yī gè nüè shā de xíng xiàng， chǔfá yào shèn zhòng， yào yǐ fǎ cóng shì。 zhì yú gǎi zào lòu xí héng héng xù jiǔ， yī shì xiàn zhì， èr shì yǐn dǎo， sān shì qū bié duì dài。 zuò wéi tǒng zhì zhě， yào qín miǎn cóng shì。
《 kāng gào》、《 jiǔ gào》、《 zǐ cái》 shì zhōu gōng duì bèi zhēng fú dì qū de zhèng zhì fāng lüè， ér《 duō shì》 shì duì dài qiān dào luò yì de yīn wán mín de zhèng cè。 luò yì jiàn chéng zhī hòu， zhè pī jiàn chéng de yīn wán mín rú hé fā luò。 zì shì bǎi zài rì chéng shàng de wèn tí。《 duō shì》 shì zhōu gōng xiàng yīn wán mín fā bù de wén gào。 quán wén fēn zuò liǎng dà duàn。 dì yī duàn shì gōng xīn， ràng yīn wán mín fú cóng zhōu rén tǒng zhì。 lǐ yóu shì nǐ men zhè xiē yīn shì bù hǎo， shàng tiān bǎ dà mìng gěi liǎo wǒ xiǎo“ bāng zhōu”， jué bù shì wǒ“ gǎn yì yīn mìng”、“ gǎn qiú wèi”。 zhè rú tóng nǐ xiān zǔ chéng tānɡ qǔ dài bù dào de xià jié yī yàng， yě shì“ shàng dì bù bǎo” xià jié。 wǒ xiàn zài bǎ nǐ men cóng“ tiān ( dà ) yì shāng” qiān dào xī tǔ， bù yào yuàn wǒ， wǒ shì jīn lián nǐ men de， zhè yě shì tiān mìng suǒ zài。 dì 'èr duàn nèi róng shì xuān bù gěi yǐ shēng huó chū lù， ràng tā men jiù dì 'ān jū， yòu nǐ men de tián dì， yòu nǐ men de zhù zhái，“ ěr nǎi shàng yòu 'ěr tǔ， ěr nǎi shàng níng gān zhǐ。” rú guǒ nǐ men néng shùn cóng tīng mìng， yòu dé， hái bèi rèn yòng。 shàng tiān huì kě lián nǐ men， fǒu zé， nǐ men bù dàn huì shī qù tǔ dì， ér qiě wǒ hái huì bǎ shàng tiān de chǔfá jiā zài nǐ men shēn shàng。
duì fú lǔ jìn xíng gōng xīn zhàn shù， shǐ zhī zì shí qí lì， ēn wēi bìng shī。 zhè shì yī zhěng tào gǎi zào zhèng cè。 zhōu gōng fǎn fù shēn míng de“ tiān mìng” bù shì tā de chuàng zào， ér shì cóng yuǎn gǔ jì chéng xià lái de。《 mò zǐ · jiān 'ài xià》 yǐn《 yǔ shì》：“ yòng tiān zhī fá”， shì yǔ zhēng sān miáo shí fā biǎo de shì cí。 tānɡ zài zhēng fú xià jié shí shì shī cí shuō：“ yòu xià duō zuì， tiān mìng jí zhī。”“ tiān” yǐ jīng bù shì dān chún fǎn yìng zì rán lì liàng de shén， tiān shén yǐ jīng gān yù rén jiān shì wù。 zhōu gōng zài《 mù shì》 zhōng yě tí dào“ gōng xíng tiān zhī fá”。 duì dí rén duō jiǎng tiān mìng de zhōu gōng， duì“ tiān” de guān niàn yǐ jīng yòu suǒ fā zhǎn。“ tiān mìng” shì fǒu zhuǎn yí， zěn yàng cái néng bǎo zhù“ tiān mìng”， qǔ jué yú yòu méi yòu“ dé”， jié zhòu shī diào tiān mìng shì yīn wéi shī“ dé”， zhōu rén yào bǎo zhù“ tiān mìng” zé bì xū yòu“ dé”， yīn cǐ zhōu gōng zài jiào dǎo zhōu rén shí jiù duō jiǎng“ míng dé”。“ tiān mìng” biàn chéng kě yǐ bǎo chí hé zhēng qǔ de liǎo。 rén bù zài shì máng mù dì fú cóng“ tiān mìng”， ér yòu liǎo zhù guān nǔ lì de kě néng liǎo， zhè shì jī jí de。 tiān zǐ shì tiān de dài lǐ rén， yī fāng miàn tā jù yòu wú shàng de quán wēi， dàn bù shì wú tiáo jiàn de， tā bì xū yòu“ dé”， bù rán tiān mìng jiù yào zhuǎn yí， yīn 'ér jūn zhù、 tiān zǐ bù kě yǐ wéi suǒ yù wéi de， shì yòu tiáo jiàn、 shòu yuē shù de。 zhòu zài miè wáng qián xī hái shuō“ wǒ bù shì yòu mìng zài tiān hū？” zhōu gōng de sī xiǎng bǐ tā， bǐ yīn rén yào dà dà qián jìn yī bù。 bǎo zhù tiān mìng de tiáo jiàn zhī yī shì“ bǎo mín”， mín de zhuàng kuàng bù néng bù chéng wéi jūn zhù rèn zhēn kǎo lǜ de wèn tí。
cānyù jiàn xīn dū de chú qù yīn yí zhī wài， hái yòu“ hóu， diàn、 nán、 bāng、 bó”， zhè xiē duō shì yīn de jiù yòu shǔ guó。 dōng dū jiàn chéng， zhōu gōng chú qù duì yīn wán mín xùn jiè zhī wài， hái duì zhè xiē“ duō fāng” xùn jiè。《 duō shì》 qiáng diào tiān gé yīn mìng，《 duō fāng》 zé tū chū yīn dài xià， zhōu gé yīn， shì yóu yú“ bù kěn qī yán yú mín”、“ bù kè míng bǎo xiǎng yú mín”， yú shì chéng tānɡ yòng“ ěr duō fāng jiǎn dài xià zuò mín zhù。” zhōu“ kè kān yòng dé”， tiān cái ràng zhōu“ jiǎn bì yīn mìng， yǐn 'ěr duō fāng”。 duì“ duō fāng’’ zé fǎn fù qiáng diào“ bǎo mín”。 zhēn duì“ duō fāng” huái niàn jiù yīn， bù 'ài zhōu bāng， yī fāng miàn ràng tā men yòu tián zhái； lìng yī fāng miàn， rú guǒ bù tīng zhōu de hào lìng， zé“ wǒ nǎi qí dà fá jí zhī”。 jiǎ rú nèi bù hé mù， nǔ lì zhòngtián，“ kè qín nǎi shì”， tiān yào jīn lián nǐ men， wǒ yòu zhōu hái yào dà dà dì shǎng cì。 yòu dé zhě， hái kě yǐ zài wáng tíng zuò guān。 wéi qī wǔ nián wéi shàn， nǐ men réng kě yǐ huí dào běn tǔ。
zhōu gōng zài sǎo píng pàn luàn， yíng jiàn chéng zhōu zhī hòu de wèn tí shì， zhōu wáng cháo de cháng zhì jiǔ 'ān de móu huá， yě jiù shì“ zhì lǐ zuò lè”。 zhè zài zhōu gōng chēng wáng de dì liù nián。“ lǐ” qiáng diào de shì“ bié”， jí suǒ wèi“ zūn zūn”；“ lè” de zuò yòng shì“ hé”， jí suǒ wèi“ qīn qīn”。 yòu bié yòu hé， shì gǒng gù zhōu rén nèi bù tuán jié de liǎng fāng miàn。
lǐ suǒ yào jiě jué de zhōng xīn wèn tí shì zūn bēi guì jiàn de qū fēn， jí zōng fǎ zhì， jìn yī bù jiǎng shì jì chéng zhì díquè lì。 yóu yú méi yòu yán mì de jì chéng zhì， zhōu gōng gù rán kě yǐ chēng“ xián wáng”， guǎn、 cài yě kě yǐ yīn zhēng wáng wèi 'ér bèi pàn wáng shì。 xiǎo bāng zhōu bù néng bù kǎo lǜ dà bāng yīn de jīng yàn jiào xùn， hé kuàng zhōu gōng duì xià yīn lì shǐ shì liǎo rú zhǐ zhǎng de。 yīn dài cóng xiān bǐ tè jì hé xiōng zhōng dì jí de rén shù yòu xiàn kàn， shì fēn liǎo dí shù de， shì zǐ yǐ mǔ guì de。 yīn shì chuán dì hé chuán zǐ de bìng cún， céng dǎo zhì liǎo“ jiǔ shì zhī luàn”。 chuán dì zhōng jiū hái yào chuán zǐ， zhè běn lái shì shēng wù de guī lǜ。 chuán zǐ hé chuán dì yòu chuán cháng、 chuán yòu hé chuán xián de máo dùn。 chuán dì gèng yòu gè chuán dì zhī zǐ hé chuán xiōng zhī zǐ de máo dùn。 zhè xiē máo dùn de cún zài， wǎng wǎng dǎo zhì wáng shì fēn zhēng， wáng shì fēn zhēng yòu huì dǎo zhì wáng quán shuāi luò， guó zuò bù jiǔ。 yīn dài cóng kāng dīng yǐ hòu， lì jīng wǔ yǐ、 wén dīng、 dì yǐ、 dì xīn ( zhòu )， míng xiǎn dì fèi chú liǎo chuán dì zhì 'ér què lì liǎo chuán zǐ zhì。 zhōu zài zhōu gōng zhī qián yě méi què lì dí cháng zhì， jì tài wáng de bù shì tài bó hé zhòng yōng， ér shì jì lì。 wǔ wáng yòu xiōng míng bó yì kǎo， wén wáng què yǐ wǔ wáng jī fā wéi tài zǐ。 zì zhōu gōng yǐ hòu， lì“ chéng wáng、 kāng wáng、 zhāo wáng， mù wáng、 gòng wáng、 yì wáng”， chú qù xiào wáng wài zhí dào yōu wáng dōushì chuán zǐ de， zhè bù shì 'ǒu rán de， zhè zhǒng zhì dù jí dí cháng zǐ jì chéng zhì díquè lì yìng guī gōng yú zhōu gōng。 dí cháng zǐ jì chéng zhì què lì yǐ hòu， zhǐ yòu dí cháng zǐ yòu jì chéng quán， zhè yàng jiù jīng fǎ lǜ shàng miǎn chú liǎo zhī shù xiōng dì zhēng duó wáng wèi， qǐ dào wěn dìng hé gǒng gù tǒng zhì jiē jí zhì xù de zuò yòng。 dí cháng zǐ jì chéng zhì shì zōng fǎ zhì de hé xīn nèi róng。 zhōu gōng bǎ zōng fǎ zhì hé zhèng zhì zhì dù jié hé qǐ lái， chuàng lì liǎo yī tào wán bèi de fú wù yú nú lì zhì de shàng céng jiàn zhù。 zhōu tiān zǐ shì tiān xià dà zōng， ér jī xìng zhū hóu duì zhōu tiān zǐ shuō lái shì xiǎo zōng。 ér zhè xiē zhū hóu zài zì jǐ fēng guó nèi shì dà zōng， tóng xìng qīng dà fū yòu shì xiǎo zōng， zhè yàng zǔ chéng yī gè bǎo tǎ xíng jié gòu， tā de dǐng duān shì zhōu tiān zǐ。 zhōu dài dà fēng tóng xìng zhū hóu， mùdì zhī yī shì yào zǔ chéng zhè gè yǐ xuè yuán niǔ dài jié hé qǐ lái de zhèng quán jié gòu， tā bǐ yīn dài de lián méng xíng shì qián jìn liǎo yī dà bù。 zhōu dài tóng xìng bù hūn， zhōu tiān zǐ duì yì xìng zhū hóu zé shì wéi shēng jiù guān xì。 xuè yuán hūn yīn guān xì zǔ chéng liǎo zhōu rén de tǒng zhì xì tǒng。 dào chūn qiū zhàn guó shí dài bào lù liǎo tā de ruò diǎn， jùn xiàn zhì dài tì liǎo fēn fēng zhì， dàn zài dāng shí de jù tǐ tiáo jiàn xià， wú yí xíng chéng liǎo yī zhǒng yǐ huá xià zú wéi zhù tǐ de céng cì fēn míng de zhèng quán jī gòu， yī zhǒng yuǎn jiào yīn rén de tǒng zhì wéi jìn bù de jī gòu。 yóu zōng fǎ zhì bì rán tuī yǎn chū wéi hù fù zūn zǐ bēi， xiōng zūn dì bēi， tiān zǐ zūn， zhū hóu bēi de děng jí sēn yán de lǐ fǎ。 zhè zhǒng lǐ fǎ shì lì shǔ guān xì de wài zài huà。 fǎn guò lái， tā yòu qǐ dào gǒng gù zōng fǎ zhì de zuò yòng， qí mù de shì wéi hù fù quán zhì， wéi hù zhōu tiān zǐ S6 tǒng zhì， shuí yào shì wéi fǎn liǎo lǐ yí、 jū shì、 fú shì、 yòng jù děng děng de jù tǐ guī dìng， biàn shì wéi fēi lǐ、 jiàn yuè。
zhōu tiān zǐ néng shòu mín shòu jiāng tǔ， zé bì yǐ tǔ dì guó yòu wéi qián tí。“ pǔ tiān zhī xià， mò fēi wáng tǔ， shuài tǔ zhī bīn， mò fēi wáng chén。” (《 shī jīng · xiǎo yǎ · běi shān》 ) zài zhōu gōng wén zhì wǔ gōng shèng jí yī shí de shí dài， bìng fēi xū gòu。 yóu cǐ yǐn shēn chū lái de“ tián lǐ bù yù”； tǔ dì bù xǔ mǎi mài， kǒng pà yě chū zì zhōu gōng。 zhōu gōng néng shòu gěi jiāng tài gōng yǐ zhuān zhēng zhuān fá de tè quán， nà me，“ lǐyuè zhēng fá zì tiān zǐ chū” kǒng pà shì zhōu gōng shí dài huò gèng zǎo què lì 'ér wéi zhōu gōng suǒ fǎ dìng xià lái de。 wèile jiā qiáng zhōng yāng wáng cháo duì dì fāng de tǒng zhì， cè fēng、 xún shòu、 cháo jìn、 gòng nà děng zhì dù， yě hěn kě néng shì zhōu gōng zài zǒng jié qián dài jīng yàn de jī chǔ shàng què dìng xià lái de。
zhōu gōng de zhì lǐ zuò lè， yī fāng miàn shì zài zǒng jié qián rén jīng yàn de jī chǔ shàng jiā yǐ xì tǒng huà， lìng yī fāng miàn yě shì zhōu rén jù tǐ shí jiàn de zǒng jié。
6、 ràng wèi chéng wáng yòu shǐ yòu zhōng
zhōu gōng zhì lǐ zuò lè dì 'èr nián， yě jiù shì zhōu gōng chēng wáng de dì qī nián， zhōu gōng bǎ wáng wèi chè dǐ jiāo gěi liǎo chéng wáng。《 shàng shū · zhào gào、 luò gào》 zhōng zhōu gōng hé chéng wáng de duì huà， dà gài shì zài jǔ xíng zhōu gōng tuì wèi， chéng wáng shì shì de yí shì shàng、 shǐ guān jì xià de。 zài guó jiā wēinàn de shí hòu， bù bì jiān xīn tǐng shēn 'ér chū， dān dāng qǐ wáng de zhòng rèn； dāng guó jiā zhuǎn wēi wéi 'ān， zǒu shàng shùn lì fā zhǎn de shí hòu， yì rán ràng chū liǎo wáng wèi， zhè zhǒng wú wèi wú sī de jīng shén， shǐ zhōng bèi hòu dài chēng sòng。 dàn shì， zhōu gōng bìng méi yòu yīn tuì wèi 'ér fàng shǒu bù guǎn， chéng wáng gù rán duì tā wǎn liú， ér tā yě bù duàn xiàng chéng wáng tí chū gào jiè， zuì yòu míng de shì《 shàng shū · wú yì》。
《 wú yì》， bù yào tān tú 'ān yì， bù cuò， shì zhōu gōng gào jiè chéng wáng de， jiù shì zài jīn tiān dú qǐ lái， wǒ men hái jué dé tā shì xīn xiān de。《 wú yì》 kāi tóu jiù jiǎng， zhī dào zhòngdì wù nóng de xīn láo， cái dǒng dé“ xiǎo rén” héng héng nóng mín de yǐn qíng。 fù mǔ xīn qín wù nóng， ér tā men de zǐ dì bù zhī dào zhòngdì de jiān xīn， jiù huì tān tú 'ān yì nǎi zhì wàng dàn， shèn zhì wǔ rǔ tā de fù mǔ shuō：“ lǎo nián rén， shénme yě bù dǒng。” zhè zhǒng bù xiào de huà zài dāng shí shì jué bù xǔ jiǎng de。《 kāng gào》 zhōng hái tí dào， duì bù xiào bù yǒu de rén yào chù yǐ xíng fá。 zuò yī gè zuì gāo tǒng zhì zhě yào zhī dào xià biān de yǐn qíng jí kǔ， fǒu zé jiù huì zuò chū huāng dàn de shì qíng lái。 zhōu gōng jiē zhe jǔ liǎo yīn dài míng jūn zhōng zōng tài wù、 gāo zōng wǔ dīng、 shāng tānɡ zhī sūn zǔ jiá， bù shì zhuāng yán wēi jù， qín zì yuē shù，“ bù gǎn huāng níng”， jiù shì jiǔ wéi xiǎo rén， néng bǎo huì xiǎo mín， bù gǎn wǔ guān guǎ， tā men xiǎng guó dōunéng cháng jiǔ。 ěr hòu de yīn wáng， shēng xià lái jiù 'ān yì， bù zhī dào wù nóng de xīn láo， zhǐ shì tān tú xiǎng lè， yīn 'ér tā men xiǎng guó yědōu bù cháng jiǔ。 zhōu gōng jiē xià qù yòu jǔ yòu zhōu de tài wáng、 wáng jì de qiān yì jǐn wèi， tè bié tí dào wén wáng chuān bù hǎo de yī fú， zì fèng jié jiǎn， cān jiā nóng yè láo dòng， néng“ huái bǎo xiǎo mín， huì xiān guān guǎ”， cóng zǎo dào guò wǔ yòu shí lián fàn dōulái bù jí chī， wéi de shì tuán jié wàn mín。 tā bù gǎn pán huán yì lè yóu liè， bù suǒ qǔ fènwài de dōng xī， yīn 'ér xiǎng guó yě bǐ jiào cháng jiǔ。 zhōu gōng gào jiè hòu dài， bù xǔ fàng zòng“ yú guān、 yú yì、 yú yóu、 yú tián ( tián liè )”， bù néng kuān róng zì jǐ shuō： gū qiě xiàn zài xiǎng lè yī xià， bù néng xiàng shāng zhòu nà yàng mí luàn yú jiǔ。 rú guǒ bù tīng， jiù huì biàn luàn xiān wáng zhèng fǎ， zhāo zhì mín rén de yuàn hèn zǔ zhòu。 yòu rén gào sù shuō：“ xiǎo rén hèn nǐ、 mà nǐ。” yào shuō zì jǐ yòu cuò wù， shēn zìxǐng chá， bù xǔ hán nù， bù xǔ luàn shā wú gū， luàn fá wú zuì。 bù rán， xiāng tóng de yuàn fèn jí zhōng dào nǐ yī gè rén shēn shàng， nà hòu guǒ shì bù kān shè xiǎng de。
zhōu gōng suǒ shuō de shēn rù dǐ céng， guān xīn mín jiān jí kǔ， yǐ“ wú yì” zì jǐng huò yòng lái jiào yù hòu dài shì duì de， dàn shì“ yì” yǔ bù“ yì” wǎng wǎng shòu jiē jí tiáo jiàn hé shēng huó huán jìng suǒ zuǒ yòu， cún zài jué dìng yì shí， zài méi yòu wài jiè qiáng dà yā lì de qíng kuàng xià， wáng shì chéng yuán“ shēng zé yì” shì bì rán de， yóu“ yì” ér shī guó yě shì bì rán de。
zhōu gōng zhì zhèng sān nián zhī hòu， zài fēng jīng yǎng lǎo， bù jiǔ dé liǎo zhòng bìng， sǐ qián shuō：“ wǒ sǐ zhī hòu yī dìng zàng zài chéng zhōu， shì yì gěi tiān yào chén fú yú chéng wáng。” sǐ hòu zàng yú wén wáng mù dì bì， chéng wáng shuō；“ zhè biǎo shì wǒ bù gǎn yǐ zhōu gōng wéi chén。”
yòu shī yuē： zhōu cháo chū jiàn dà fēn fēng， chéng wáng yòu cōng kào zhōu gōng。
lǐ xián xià shì sān tù bǔ， tiān xià guī xīn bǎi yè xīng。
Yanzhou Wang did not deeply understand the seriousness of the development of the West surnamed forces, who imposed Dongyi outside, non-domestic refuse remonstrance decorated wine, woman, Jiuchiroulin, the domestic political Gaode chaos. After the death of King Wen, King Wu came to the throne to the Duke of Zhou was the most right-hand man, in response the public, such as completion of public help, in the League (Bangladesh) Tianjin view soldiers, the General Assembly the world princes. This is a general exercise before the attack, but also a test. View of the second year in December after soldiers, King Wu, the Duke of Zhou, who with the help of command tanks 300, Huben 3000 people, Jiashi 45,000 people, through the AU-chun. February Jiazi (about pre-1027) morning, King Wu Makino set in rural public oath-taking business, oath is "Book of History" in the "Mushi."
King Zhou was dead, but on how to dispose of the Shang Dynasty and the upper nobility of the problem, King Wu 1:00 undecided. He first asked the grandfather Wang - Jiang Shang. Grandfather said: "I've heard, he is in love. If the contrary, the person is not worth loving, then the village fence, wall do not have to keep." Meant not only to kill Yan Zhou, Yin people can not even hostile preserved, to kill all. King Wu did not agree. And got called to discuss the public. Zhao Gong said: "The guilt of the killing, not guilty of leaving." King Wu said: "No way." So he got the Duke of Zhou. Duke said: "Let the people of Yin live in their original residence, the original cultivated land. For people of Yin which affect a truly virtuous person." Gong give way out of this, local integration policy of disintegrating, won King Wu of praise. King Wu ordered the public release of imprisoned Zhao Ji Zi and imprisoned nobles; repair business volume residence, and the establishment of a flag; to Hong Pei-yao higher than dry tomb of the Prince; command Shadows distributed Lutai including money, to open a huge bridge granary, hunger relief Yin people. All these measures show the opposite direction to the anti-Yan Zhou, Yan Zhou mutilation to be to rehabilitate, to lobby for people of Yin.
The original direct rule of the local business dynasty, King Wu, divide it into three parts, the son of King Zhou Wu Geng Bei Lu by the parent in charge, Wei Cai Shu by the degree of control, Yong S by the Guan Shu fresh charge, known to history as the "three supervisors." (And some said Guan Shu and Cai Shu, Huo-tert-called "three supervisors." Uncle Howard, but said "three supervisors," one of the "Historical Records", "Han" and not set.) Guanshu the manor in tube (now the area in Zhengzhou, Henan), Uncle's manor in Cai Cai (Henan shangcai this area). Uncle Dan on Lu Feng (now Qufu, Shandong Province), the Duke of Zhou. Look at the Camp Hill closed grandfather (now Shandong Linzi North). Public Shuang Feng Zhao Yan. (Southwest of Beijing today, a say in Beijing.)
Eliminate commercial return, with the Duke of Zhou King Wu in Gaojing about Iraq in the Lo and the establishment of water the plains between the new capital in order to control the East. As worked hard day and night, King Wu is ill, and the duke to ancestors too pious king, Wang Ji, King Wen prayer. He said: meta Sunmou you got violent crisis seriously ill, if you owe God a child, let me to replace him. I have Rende, but also versatile. Meta Sunmou you as I am versatile, can not serve spirits. Today we see it and I think this prayer is funny, but to three thousand years ago, the Zhou people who believe the spirits of heaven, it was very sincere and unselfish. After the prayer, King Wu of the disease although has improved, but soon, or a visit. Before his death, King Wu in the virtuous talent willing to pass the throne to the uncle once - the Duke of Zhou, and said the matter did not need telling, you can personally decide. Duke Tiqi more than, refused to accept. King Wu's death, succeeded to the throne Prince chanting is to become king. Cheng Wang, but was more than 10 years old. The face of the early state legislation, is not solid, internal and external incoming complex situation, as the king is absolutely unable to meet. "Big Book of Letters Patent," said: "The big storm in the western territories, the West natives are not static." "Historical Records Zhou Ji" also said: "The group of public fear, Mu Bo." King Wu's death, the country lost its focus the situation is urgent need for a prestige both talent there who deal with the problem in time to clean up the situation, the responsibility will fall on the shoulders of the Duke of Zhou. Duke ruling king, the king played a role. This was natural. Many ancient books Zhougong records, only to the Han Dynasty, the situation of the unified and after the formation of monarchical supremacy, Zhougong become inconceivable, then Duke is the only "Regent", "false king," and so saying.
King Wen's father, not the calendar quarter, the eldest son of two on top brother - Tai Bo, to flourish; the eldest son of King Wu King Wen Bo above a eup (Uncle Yap examination is sent back by the name "test" refers to the dead father). Duke of Zhou in his capacity as Chief Minister, photo line Wangshi, not kings, Guanshu intends fighting for power, then spread the rumor: "Duke will not help Ruzi (as King)." Yin destroyed after the third year (before 1024), Guan Shu and Cai Shu Wu Geng Lu father preached the week with the rebels. Up the response with the East Xu, suddenly, dozens Huaiyi close to the size of the original square with the Shang state. This is just the establishment of the Zhou dynasty for more than three years, is an extremely heavy blow. If the rebels do not be overcome, it will face great difficulties in Zhou Dynasty, Emperor Wen of all dropped a few years to build exploits will ruin. Among the royal family in a precarious week. Within the royal family was also skeptical of the Duke of Zhou kings. This attack from within and outside the situation, to make Duke a very difficult position. He first internal stability, to maintain unity, hope and call to convince the public cool grandfather. He said: "I did not avoid difficult situations and king, is worried that the world betrayed the Zhou Dynasty. Otherwise, I discredited in the return of the king too, Wang Ji, King Wen. Three Kings sayings the world has been a long time, and now have the achievement. King Wu left us prematurely, as the king is so young, I was to achievements of the Zhou Dynasty, only do. "unified internal views of the Duke of Zhou, the second year (before 1023) at the Eastern Campaign, crusade tube, Cai , Wu Geng. Prior to the divination, issued the "Great Patent."
BC in 1022 successfully tied the three supervisors to discuss the rebellion, killing the principal culprits Guanshu fresh, Qin Hui and killed the North fled to Wu Geng, banished the sin Uncle Cai less degree. Tsai Shu died, his son Juan "rate de tame good", and his father a big difference. After hearing the Duke of Zhou, then promoted him as Lu Guoqing Shi, Lu Hu to good governance, Duke closed to new Cai Hu again.
How to rule the conquered areas, is a big problem after the victory, Wu Geng, and suddenly the country, Huaiyi insurgency, key areas that can not be reused old chiefs, feudal Zhou Dynasty to be the most reliable member of this and King Wu packet has been different. Duke closed the brother Kangshu to the center of the original king of Shang rule to Chaoge to have (Qi County, Henan Province today), points to his family of seven people Yin: Dow; Shi's, Fan's, Qiang's, Fan's, Hunger's finally Kwai's, mostly those with some kind of handicraft expertise of the clan. Kangshu feud not only large area, and eight division force system to prevent people re-Yin resistance.
Bo Gu and other countries also participated in anti-weeks, the division Shangfu - Jiang Taigong originally been called Qi Hou, Metropolitan Hill (now Shandong Pro slipped North). Great-grandfather was a wise and brave generals. King Wu took the lead when he broke into enemy positions, and Evolution of this, he set a great service, great fiefs. Duke closed to the public response to the grandfather's land was "the east sea, west river, south Mu Ling, north to Wudi." Also has a special levy special privilege of cutting, "five Houjiu Bo, may levy the real." Camp There are many small hill nearby, great-grandfather on the seal when the Yi nationality Levin and his people to fight to. Qi successively eliminating these small countries, and become East.
Remove the above-mentioned countries, the Duke of Zhou feudal also a large number of countries and different surname surname country. According to "claw effect Xunzi" records, the Duke of Zhou "Li 71 countries, surnamed persons living alone 50." Zuo Zhuan "Xi public twenty-four years, Fu-liang said:" Zhougong Di di s not salty, so Ping Zhou feudal relative to Fan. Tube, Cai, Cheng Huo, Lu, Wei Mao, Dan, Gao, Yong, Cao, Teng, complete, original, Feng, Xun, Zhao Wen s also. Han River, Jin, Ying, Han, Wu of Mu also. Fan, Jiang, Xing, Mao, confer, sacrifice, the Duke of Zhou of Yin also. "Shows the Duke of Zhou countries large and small letters, numbers not less.
Eastern Campaign battle is brutal and intense, "Book Bin Feng break Axe": "Jipo my ax, and destitute I Williams. And Evolution of the four countries is the Emperor. Compassion for us people, also pores will. "followed and Evolution of the soldiers, out of the gap ax, even if the sufferings ridden battle, can students still very fortunate. Eastern Campaign homesick soldiers, demobilize once the heart is full of all sorts of treatments, "Book Bin Feng Tung Shan" is a vivid reflection of this psychological. No longer the downturn, before fighting the kind of "wind and rain are hovering to the CD audio Jiao Jiao" picture.
East are Luoyi in Iraq and the Lo flowing through the Illo water basin center, flat, fertile soil, its south Mountains, north is Mang mountain, mountains, difficult terrain. Iraq, Luo, Zhan, Jian-clock during convergence. Hulao Pass east, west, Hangu Pass, according to what the traffic choke points. Down along rivers, up to people of Yin old haunt. Shun Luoshui, up Qi and Lu. South Ru, Ying dihydrate, up to Xu Yi, Huaiyi. Iraq, Los basin is really a good place for its capital.
In order to consolidate the rule of week, Duke has released a variety of message, from here you can glimpse the rule of Duke summed up the experience of summer Yin, developed on the various policies. Duke has had to Wei Kangshu "Kang", "Wine Patent," "Zi-cai" 3 statement.
"Zi material" also is promoting "Matilda", against "the King murder." As among the people, nor with harm, with abuse, is "The King widowed, as are women, together with content from the." Up and down is not murder but "Respect few," and "cooperation with content from the" stable situation will naturally arise. The formation of such a situation can not easily get to do as farmers weeded, the land, idle the entire field boundary ditches; as the maintenance of the Home Office as Qin-xiu Yuanqiang, walls painted mud, on top of Gallant; Also Like craftsmen treatment device, handling things Matthews, and then painted black and red paint. In short, the ground with Matilda, protect the people, to "years except (for) the king."
"Kang", "Wine Patent," "Zi-cai," the Duke of Zhou of the conquered region's political strategy, and the "toast" is a treat to move to Los Yap Yin stubborn public policy. Luoyi built, these people built the city of Yin stubborn how pleasure. Naturally put the issue on the agenda. "Toast" is the Duke of Zhou Yin stubborn people to the statement issued. Text divided into two section. The first was hearts and minds, so that people obey Zhou Yin stubborn rule. The reason is you have these carbon was not good, God gave me the injunction of small "State Week", not me, "Yi Yin life dare" "dare to seek position." It's like your ancestors did not replace the Road Xia Jie Cheng Tang, as is, "God does not guarantee" Xia Jie. I brought you from the "days (large) Yap Commercial" to move to Western soil, do not blame me, I pity pity you, this is also the host of heaven. Give the second paragraph of content is that way of life so that they live locally, there is your land, with your house, "Seoul Seoul is still soil, Seoul is still rather dry only." Obey orders if you can have Germany, was also appointed. God would have mercy on you, otherwise you will not only lose their land, and I would add to God's punishment upon you.
Psychological tactics on prisoners to make it self-reliant, incentives and penalties. This is a set of reform policies. Duke repeatedly affirmed the "fate" is not his creation, but rather inherited from the ancient times. "Mo universal love, under the" primer "Yu oath": "with the days of punishment" is issued Miao Yu Zheng three oaths. When Tom swearing words in the conquest of Xia Jie said: "There is more crime in summer, bearing in mind the mandate of heaven." "Heaven" is not simply reflect the natural forces of God, God has intervened in human affairs. Duke in the "Mushi," also referred to "Christine days, a fine line." The enemy more about fate of the Duke of Zhou, the "day" concept has been developed. "Destiny" is the transfer, how to keep "Fate", depending on there, "Germany", Jie Zhou lost because of loss of heaven, "Germany", Zhou to keep "fate" must have "moral", so the Duke of Zhou in the teaching week when many people say, "Matilda." "Fate" can be kept and turned into a fight. People no longer blindly obey "heaven", but also has the possibility of subjective efforts, which is positive. Son of Heaven is a day's agent, on the one hand he has the supreme authority, but not unconditional, he must have "moral", or fate would transfer, so the sovereign, the emperor can not do whatever they want, is conditional, subject to constraints . Zhou also said the destruction on the eve of "I am not a life almost in the day?" Duke than he thought, than the people of Yin to be a big step. To keep one of the conditions of heaven is "protecting people", people must be sovereign status seriously consider.
Gift central issue to be addressed is the distinction between the respectable and humble, that were the rule of law, and further stresses that the establishment of the system of succession. In the absence of strict inheritance system, and the duke of course be called "king salt", pipe, CAI can also be a result of war and betrayal of the royal throne. Little Bang Bang Yin Zhou has to consider the lessons learned from large, not to mention the summer by Duke Yin history is well known. Special offerings and the Yin from Xianbi brother to younger brother and a limited number of view, is divided Di Shu, and is the son of a mother expensive. Chuan Yin is the brother and son of co-exist, has led to a "IX Rebellion." Brother eventually have to pass to son, which was originally physiology. Son and brother have mass transfer length, mass of young and Successfully Passes Throngh Longhai conflicts. Communication is more a brother's son, brother and Mass Communication brother's son conflict. The existence of these conflicts, disputes often lead to the royal family, royal family disputes will lead to the decline of royal power, the country Zuo soon. After the Yin from Kangding, after Wu B, Wen Ding, Di Yi, Di Xin (Zhou), significantly abolished the transmission system and the brother of the system established to son. Weeks before the Duke did not establish long-entropy system, following the not too Talbot and Zhong Yong Wang, but the calendar quarter. King Wu a brother name Peter Yap test, King Wen to King Wu Ji Fa is the crown prince. Since the Duke of Zhou after the calendar, "Cheng Wang, Kang, King Zhao, Mu, a total of Wang, Yi Wang", remove the outside until You Wang Xiao Wang is the son of, this is not accidental, this system is the establishment of primogeniture should be attributed to Duke. After the establishment of primogeniture, the eldest son inherit only entropy, thus eliminating the branch by law Shu brothers compete for the throne, stabilize and consolidate the role of the order of the ruling class. Primogeniture is the core of legal cases. Duke of the legal and political systems were combined, created a comprehensive service in slavery superstructure. Bet the king is a large world, but surnamed princes of the Zhou to say that careen. The closure of these princes in their own country is large, and Autumn is 小宗 surname, so the formation of a pagoda-shaped structure, which is the top of the Zhou. Zhou Tai Feng surname princes, one of the aims is to form the blood ties to the regime that combines the structure of the alliance than the form of the Yin a big step forward. Zhou surname not married, are regarded as the Zhou Sheng Jiu princes of the relationship between different surnames. Kinship marriage system composed of the Zhou Dynasty's rule. To the Warring States period, it exposes the weakness of the system of prefectures and counties to replace the feudal system, but under specific conditions at the time, no doubt formed a kind of Huaxia structured as the main political institutions, a much Yin people rule for the progress of the organization. Deduce from the cases in the legal system must respect the parent child maintenance base, base brother brother respect, respect for the emperor, princes base of the hierarchical etiquette. This etiquette is the externalization of affiliation. Conversely, it also played the role of the legal system to consolidate cases, the purpose is to maintain the patriarchal, maintaining rule of the Zhou S6, anyone who violated the protocol, room, clothing, appliances, etc. The specific requirements will be regarded as indecent assault, and overstepped.
6, to make way into the king beginning and an end
"No Yi", do not seek comfort, yes, the Duke of Zhou Cheng Wang warned, that is read today, we also feel that it is fresh. "No Yi" at the beginning of the talk, to know the hard work farmers farming, and understand "bad people" - farmers hidden reason. Hard farming parents, and their children do not know the hard work the land, it will ease and even jump to birth, or even insult his parents said: "The elderly, they know nothing." Such words of filial piety is no promise at the time say of. "Kang" also mentioned that the Friends of the lack of filial piety is not the person to be sentenced. As a supreme ruler of the hidden secrets beneath the weal and woe to know, otherwise you will make ridiculous things to. Duke went on to cite the name of Jun in the cases of the Yin Tai Wu, Gao Zongwu Ding, Zu-Shang Dynasty A, not solemn fear Wei, Qin self restraint, "rather not waste" is a long time for the villains, to ensure benefit little people, not dare to insult widowed, they can enjoy the country a long time. Later, Yin Wang, born on the ease and comfort, do not know hard work of farming, but pleasure-seeking, so they do not have long to enjoy the country. Duke went on a week so they give the king of Wang Ji's modest and restrained like fear, particularly in reference to King Wen to wear good clothes, Zifeng thrift, in agricultural work, to "protect pregnant Sham, Wai fresh widowed," from too early to have lunch sometimes too late to eat dinner, to the unity of all people. He did not dare linger pleasures hunting, do not obtain exceptionally things, so enjoy the country is relatively long. Duke warned future generations, and not to indulge, "on view at the Plaza, on the tour, Oda (hunting)" and can not let it be said: no harm to what is now pleasure, not as confused as Shangzhou in wine. If you do not listen, they will confound kings Fa, incurred the resentment the people who curse. Some people told us: "Villains hate you, call you." Say they have an error, deep self-introspection, and not to Hannu, and not to kill innocent people indiscriminately, Luanfa innocence. Otherwise, the same Yuanfen concentrated in you alone, that the consequences will be disastrous.
Duke said the hood, care about the weal and woe, "no fleeing" from police or to educate future generations is, but the "ease" and not "Yi" is often subject to conditions and living environment class about being determines consciousness, the situation without outside pressure, the royal family, "sang Yi" is inevitable, from the "Yi" and loss of the country is inevitable.
Courteous triazole feeding, the world's hearts 100 Yip Hing.
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