楚国
(?
前328年～
前299年)
楚怀王，姓名芈槐，楚威王之子，楚国之王，任用佞臣令尹子兰、上官大夫靳尚，宠爱南后郑袖，排斥左徒大夫屈原，为人利令智昏，国事日非。
前313年，秦国张仪欺骗怀王要其以断绝齐国之交换取秦国割让六百里商于之地，怀王中计，与齐国断交后只得六里地。怀王恼怒不已，发兵进攻秦国，被魏章大破于丹阳，怀王再召集全国的部队，发动进攻，再惨败于蓝田，其后前311年秦国攻取召陵，三战皆败，楚国于是走向没落。
前299年秦国攻占了楚国八座城池，秦昭王约怀王在武关会面。怀王不听昭睢、屈原劝告，决定前往武关，结果被秦国扣留，秦王胁迫怀王割地，怀王不肯。怀王被扣留期间，楚人立太子为王，是为楚顷襄王。
前297年楚怀王逃走，秦人封锁通往楚地的道路，怀王逃到赵境，赵国不敢收留他，怀王企图逃往魏国，但被秦国追兵捉回。前296年怀王在秦国病逝，秦国把遗体送还楚国，“楚人皆怜之，如悲亲戚”。
313 BC, Qin Zhang Yi to deceive in order to cut off the King of Chu to the state of Qin Qi cede the exchange to take place 600 years in business, the King of Chu in the design, and Qi broke off diplomatic relations only six years after the land. Endless angry the King of Chu, his troops attacked the state of Qin, Wei Zhang is a large break in Danyang, then the King of Chu called the country's forces attack, then defeat in Lam Tin, followed by 311 BC Qin capture Shaoling, the three wars are lost, Chu country was declining.