楚國
(?
前328年～
前299年)
楚懷王，姓名芈槐，楚威王之子，楚國之王，任用佞臣令尹子蘭、上官大夫靳尚，寵愛南後鄭袖，排斥左徒大夫屈原，為人利令智昏，國事日非。
前313年，秦國張儀欺騙懷王要其以斷絶齊國之交換取秦國割讓六百裏商於之地，懷王中計，與齊國斷交後衹得六裏地。懷王惱怒不已，發兵進攻秦國，被魏章大破於丹陽，懷王再召集全國的部隊，發動進攻，再慘敗於藍田，其後前311年秦國攻取召陵，三戰皆敗，楚國於是走嚮沒落。
前299年秦國攻占了楚國八座城池，秦昭王約懷王在武關會面。懷王不聽昭睢、屈原勸告，决定前往武關，結果被秦國扣留，秦王脅迫懷王割地，懷王不肯。懷王被扣留期間，楚人立太子為王，是為楚頃襄王。
前297年楚懷王逃走，秦人封鎖通往楚地的道路，懷王逃到趙境，趙國不敢收留他，懷王企圖逃往魏國，但被秦國追兵捉回。前296年懷王在秦國病逝，秦國把遺體送還楚國，“楚人皆憐之，如悲親戚”。
313 BC, Qin Zhang Yi to deceive in order to cut off the King of Chu to the state of Qin Qi cede the exchange to take place 600 years in business, the King of Chu in the design, and Qi broke off diplomatic relations only six years after the land. Endless angry the King of Chu, his troops attacked the state of Qin, Wei Zhang is a large break in Danyang, then the King of Chu called the country's forces attack, then defeat in Lam Tin, followed by 311 BC Qin capture Shaoling, the three wars are lost, Chu country was declining.