| 姓： | yíng | |||||||||
| 名： | kāi | |||||||||
| 陵墓： | xī chuí | |||||||||
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gōng yuán qián ７ ６６ nián，
kāi guó gōng chén
dāng jū zhù zài wǒ men liáo kuò de zhōng guó tǔ dì shàng de rén lèi hái méi yòu jìn rù wén míng shè huì de shí hòu， zài yī xiē shuǐ cǎo mào shèng de qū yù， sàn bù zhe yī gè gè yuán shǐ shì zú bù luò， qín jiù shì qí zhōng zhī yī。 qín de zǔ xiān shì huáng dì zhī sūn zhuān Xū de yī gè zhī xì， yǐ yàn zǐ wéi tú téng， zuò wéi tā men bù luò de biāo zhì。 zhuān Xū yòu chēng gāo yáng shì， yǔ huáng dì、 dì kù、 yáo、 shùn bìng chēng wèiwǒ guó lì shǐ chuán shuō zhōng de wǔ dì。 qín rén de zǔ xiān jiào nǚ xiū， xiāng chuán tā tūn shí liǎo yàn zǐ dàn 'ér huái yùn， shēng liǎo yī gè hái zǐ jiào dà yè。 zhè gè chuán shuō fǎn yìng liǎo dāng shí qín rén hái chǔyú " zhǐ zhī qí mǔ， bù zhī qí fù " de mǔ xì shì zú shè huì。 nà shí， qín rén bù luò hái guò zhe yóu mù de shēng huó， tā men de huó dòng qū yù dà yuē zài huáng hé xià yóu de dōng hǎi zhī bīn。
dào liǎo dà fèi zuò qín rén bù luò shǒu lǐng shí， tā bāng zhù zhù míng de xián rén shùn diào xùn niǎo shòu， hěn yòu chéng jì， shùn biàn cì tā wéi " yíng " xìng， dāng shí " qín " zhè gè míng chēng shàng wèi chū xiàn。 dà fèi hái tóng dà yǔ yī qǐ zhì guò hóng shuǐ。 zhì shuǐ chéng gōng hòu， dà yǔ shòu dào shùn de kuā jiǎng， yǔ shuō： " zhè bù shì wǒ yī gè rén néng gān chéng de shì， duō kuī yòu dà fèi xié zhù 'ā。 " dà fèi yě shòu dào shùn de jiǎng lì。 gōng yuán qián 21 shì jì， huáng hé zhōng yóu dì qū chū xiàn liǎo zhōng guó dì yī gè nú lì zhì zhèng quán -- xià wáng cháo， qín rén biàn zài tā de kòng zhì zhī xià。 xià dài mò nián， dà fèi de hòu dài fèi chāng tuō lí xià jié， tóubèn shāng zú， bìng cān jiā liǎo shāng shǒu lǐng tānɡ fā dòng de tuī fān xià cháo de zhàn zhēng。 shāng cháo jiàn lì hòu， fèi chāng wéi tānɡ jià chē， qí hòu dài shì shì wéi shāng zuò shì， shè huì dì wèi bǐ jiào gāo。 zhè shí， yòu yī bù fēn " yíng " xìng shì zú lái dào huáng hé zhōng yóu， tóng shāng zú bǎo chí zhe lián méng guān xì。
gōng yuán qián 11 shì jì， zhōu wǔ wáng fā dòng miè shāng zhàn zhēng， tuī fān liǎo shāng cháo， jiàn lì liǎo zhōu cháo， dìng dū gǎo jīng ( jīn shǎn xī xī 'ān fù jìn )， shǐ chēng xī zhōu。 xī zhōu jiàn lì bù jiǔ， fā shēng liǎo yī jiàn dà shì， jīhū duàn sòng liǎo qín rén bù luò de mìng yùn。 zhōu wǔ wáng sǐ hòu， chéng wáng jì wèi。 chéng wáng nián yòu， suǒ yǐ guó zhèng yóu dà chén zhōu gōng zhí zhǎng。 zhè shí， yǐ wǔ gēng wéi shǒu de shāng cháo cán yú shì lì fā dòng liǎo pàn luàn， bāo kuò " yíng " xìng shì zú zài nèi de ?? liǎng cì dōng zhēng， chè dǐ dǎ kuǎ liǎo pàn jūn。 píng pàn hòu， xī zhōu tǒng qià zhě yòng jí cán kù de fāng fǎ chéng fá cānyù pàn luàn de rén men， qí zhōng yī gè bàn fǎ jiù shì jiāng tā men gǎn lí gù tǔ， qiān wǎng tā xiāng， zhú dào yáo yuǎn de dì fāng。 qín rén de zǔ xiān jiù shì zài zhè shí cóng huáng hé zhōng xià yóu bèi gǎn xiàng xī fāng huāng liáng de huáng tǔ gāo yuán， zài zhōu de xī bù biān chuí " shǒu biān "。 qín rén bèi zhēng fú hòu， shè huì dì wèi yī luò qiān zhàng， zhěng gè shì zú dū lún wéi nú lì， shòu xī zhōu nú lì zhù de qū shǐ hé nú yì。 yīn cǐ， dāng xī zhōu shì lì zhú jiàn qiáng shèng， yī bù bù xiàng dōng fā zhǎn shí， qín rén bù luò bèi bìng qì yú xī zhōu tǒng zhì zhōng xīn zhī wài， mò mò wú wén dì pái huái yú máng máng de huáng tǔ gāo yuán， fǎng fó yǐ bèi shì rén suǒ yí wàng。
qín rén bù luò yǔ xī zhōu nú lì zhù guì zú de guān xì shì tǒng zhì yǔ bèi tǒng zhì de guān xì， zài xī zhōu nú lì zhù yǎn lǐ， qín rén jiù xiàng shēng chù、 wù pǐn yī yàng， kě yǐ mǎi mài、 zèng sòng hé shǎng cì。 qín rén de shǒu lǐng yě cháng cháng bèi zhōu tiān zǐ zhēng diào qù fú yì。 chuán shuō zhōu mù wáng céng jīng dào xī fāng xún yóu， tóng xī wáng mǔ xiāng huì yú yáo chí， zuì yuǎn céng dào dá zhōng yà hé 'ōu zhōu， wèitā jià chē de jiù shì qín de zào fù。 yóu yú zào fù jì shù jīng zhàn， gǎn de chē yī rì qiān lǐ， hěn tǎo mù wáng de huān xǐ， bèi fēng yú zhào chéng ( jīn shān xī hóng dòng xiàn běi )。 zhōu xiào wáng shí， wèile duì wài zhàn zhēng de xū yào， duì yǎng mǎ yè shí fēn zhòng shì。 tā tīng shuō qín rén shǒu lǐng fēi zǐ tè bié shàn yú yǎng mǎ， jiù bǎ fēi zǐ zhào lái， ràng tā zài qiān shuǐ hé wèi shuǐ huì hé chù ( jīn shǎn xī bǎo jī yī dài ) de píng yuán shàng zhù guǎn yǎng mǎ zhī lèi de shì yí。 yóu yú fēi zǐ duì mǎ tiáojiào yòu fāng， mǎ qún fán zhí hěn kuài， zhōu xiào wáng duì fēi zǐ shí fēn shǎng shí， biàn jiāng fēi zǐ de yì mǔ dì chéng fēng yú qín ( jīn gān sù tiān shuǐ fù jìn )， zuò wéi zhōu wáng de yī gè fù yōng， jì chéng yíng shì xuè yuán， hào chēng qín yíng。 suǒ wèi " fù yōng " jiù shì hái méi yòu zī gé xiàng zhōu tiān zǐ zhí jiē jìn gòng， zhǐ néng fù shǔ yú mǒu yī gè zhū hóu。 jìn guǎn rú cǐ， qín zài zhè shí de dì wèi bì jìng bǐ yǐ qián gāo liǎo yī diǎn， zhōu tiān zǐ hái yǔn xǔ qín rén zài " qín " zhè gè dì fāng zhù chéng， cǐ hòu， " yíng " xìng jū mín cái zhèng shì bèi chēng wéi " qín rén "。
xī zhōu de xī bù biān jìng zhī wài， yòu yī xiē shǎo shù mín zú bù luò， qí zhōng bǐ jiào dà de yòu " róng "、 " dí " děng， tā men jīng cháng sāo rǎo zhōu de biān jìng， shèn zhì rù qí jìng nèi lüè duó cái wù hé rén kǒu。 zài zhōu wáng shì qiáng dà de shí hòu， gēn běn bù bǎ qín rén fàng zài yǎn lǐ； dāng zhōu wáng shì shuāi luò， zài róng、 dí jìn gōng miàn qián wú lì dǐ kàng de shí hòu， qín rén cái bèi zhòng shì qǐ lái。 zhōu xuān wáng shí， zhōu wáng shì wéi lì yòng qín rén dǐ yù róng、 dí， jiù fēng qín rén de shǒu lǐng qín zhòng wéi " dà fū "。 qín zhòng shòu dào zhōu xuān wáng de chǒng yù， fēi cháng mài mìng， shuài qín rén xiàng róng jìn gōng， wú nài lì liàng dān bó， lǚ zāo shī bài， zuì hòu zài yī cì fá róng zhàn dǒu zhōng， lián qín zhòng zì jǐ yě sàng liǎo mìng。 qín zhòng sǐ hòu， tā de dà 'ér zǐ zhuāng gōng shuài xiōng dì wǔ rén dài bīng jì xù tóng róng zuò zhàn， qǔ dé yī xiē xiǎo xiǎo de shèng lì， bèi fēng wéi " xī chuí dà fū "。 jìn guǎn qín rén zài róng、 dí de jìn gōng miàn qián méi yòu duō shǎo dǐ kàng lì， dàn duì yú zhōu wáng shì lái shuō， qín rén yǐ jīng bù zài shì cóng qián nà yàng wú zú qīng zhòng liǎo， tā men de shǒu lǐng zài xī zhōu mò nián bèi shēng wéi jí bié jiào gāo de " dà fū "， zhè fǎn yìng liǎo qín rén zhèng zài fā zhǎn hé zhuàng dà， jí jiāng zài zhōng guó lì shǐ shàng fā huī gèng dà de zuò yòng。
xī zhōu mò nián， zhōu yōu wáng hūn yōng wú dào， chǒng 'ài fēi zǐ bāo sì， zhěng rì chén zuì yú huā tiān jiǔ dì de shēng huó zhī zhōng， wéi bó dé bāo sì yī xiào， tā shàng yǎn liǎo yīcháng " fēng huǒ xì zhū hóu " de nào jù。
gǔ shí hòu jiāo tōng bù biàn， wèile jí shí bào jǐng， zài shān dǐng shàng xiū jiàn liǎo xǔ duō gāo dà de fēng huǒ tái， shàng miàn zhǔn bèi liǎo xǔ duō láng fèn、 huǒ bǎ zhī lèi de rán liào， bìng pài bīng zài tái shàng zhù shǒu。 yī dàn yòu dí qíng， kānshǒu fēng huǒ tái díshì bīng bái tiān jiù rán qǐ láng fèn， yī lǚ bái yān biàn zhí chōng yún tiān， hěn yuǎn de dì fāng dōunéng kàn jiàn； yè lǐ zé diǎn qǐ huǒ bǎ， yuǎn chù jiàn dào huǒ guāng chōng tiān， yě néng zhī dào zhè lǐ fā shēng liǎo dí qíng。 zhōu yōu wáng zhè yī tiān péi bàn bāo sì lái dào fēng huǒ tái shàng， diǎn qǐ láng yān huǒ bǎ， bìng bǎ dà gǔ léi dé zhèn tiān xiǎng。 àn zhào yuē dìng， zhōu wáng shì yī dàn yòu dí qíng， gè zhū hóu guó bì xū pài bīng xiāng jiù。 zhū hóu men yī kàn fēng yān dà qǐ， yǐ wéi yòu wài dí rù qīn dū chéng， jí máng shuài lǐng bīng mǎ gǎn dào gǎo jīng。 dàn dào zhè lǐ yī kàn， zhǐ shì zhōu yōu wáng péi bàn zhe bāo sì zài tái shàng yōu rán yǐn jiǔ zuò lè， bìng méi yòu shénme jǐn jí qíng kuàng， cái zhī dào shòu liǎo yú nòng， yī gè gè 'ào nǎo dì dài bīng huí guó。
bāo sì zài tái shàng kàn dào gè guó zhū hóu shòu piàn de láng bèi xiāng， jué dé shí fēn kāi xīn， jìn bù zhù hā hā dà xiào qǐ lái。 zhōu yōu wáng yī kàn zhè gè bàn fǎ zhōng yú dòu dé bāo sì fā liǎo xiào， xīn lǐ yě fēi cháng gāo xīng， yòu yǐ fǎ páozhì liǎo jǐ cì， jiēguǒ gè guó zhū hóu yī cì bǐ yī cì lái dé shǎo liǎo。 hòu lái， dāng yōu wáng zài diǎn qǐ fēng huǒ shí， jiù gēn běn méi rén lǐ cǎi liǎo。
gōng yuán qián 771 nián， shǎo shù mín zú quǎn róng jìn gōng zhōu dedōu chéng gǎo jīng。 zhōu yōu wáng huāng máng rán qǐ fēng huǒ xiàng gè guó zhū hóu bào jǐng。 dàn shì， gè guó zhū hóu píng shí bèi yōu wáng qī nòng guàn liǎo， zhè cì yǐ wéi yòu shì zài xì nòng tā men， yīn cǐ méi yòu yī guó zhū hóu pài bīng qián lái jiù jià。 gǎo jīng qīng yì dì bèi quǎn róng gōng pò， zhōu yōu wáng dài zhe bāo sì cāng huáng chū táo， zài lí shān jiǎo xià bèi róng rén shā sǐ， bāo sì yě chéng wéi róng rén de lǔ huò pǐn。 fán huá de gǎo jīng jīng guò róng rén de shāo shā qiǎng lüè， biàn dé cán pò bù kān。 zhōu wáng cháo jù liǎn de dà pī cái bǎo、 zhū yù yě bèi róng rù xíjuǎn 'ér qù。
zhè cì shì jiàn zài qín de fā zhǎn shǐ shàng què shì yī gè lì shǐ xìng de zhuǎn zhé diǎn。 gè guó zhū hóu dé zhī gǎo jīng shī xiàn、 yōu wáng bèi shā de xiāo xī hòu， fēn fēn pài bīng jiù yuán。 dāng gè lù dà jūn gǎn dào gǎo jīng hòu， kàn dào de zhǐ shì yī zuò bèi fén dài jìn、 xǐ jié yī kōng de sǐ chéng。 gè guó zhū hóu jiàn yōu wáng yǐ sǐ， biàn gòng tóng yōng lì tài zǐ yí jiù wéi zhōu wáng cháo de tiān zǐ， zhè jiù shì zhōu píng wáng。 dāng shí qín de shǒu lǐng shì qín zhòng de sūn zǐ xiāng gōng， tā dài bīng quán lì jiù zhōu， lì xià hěn dà de zhàn gōng。
zhōu píng wáng jí wèi hòu， kàn dào róng rén suí shí dōuyòu juǎntǔ chónglái de kě néng， zài jiā shàng gǎo jīng yǐ chéng fèi xū， zì jǐ bīng lì yòu xiàn， wú fǎ zài guān zhōng dì qū tǒng zhì xià qù， yú shì zài gōng yuán qián 770 nián， yóu gè guó zhū hóu hù sòng， bǎ dū chéng qiān dào liǎo hé nán luò yáng， lì shǐ shàng chēng zhè gè wáng cháo wéi " dōng zhōu "。 zhōu píng wáng dōng qiān de shí hòu，
jìn guǎn qín rén huò dé liǎo zài guān zhōng dì qū zì yóu fā zhǎn de jī huì， dàn shì zài jiàn guó zhī chū， hái miàn lín zhe néng fǒu shēng cún xià qù de yán jùn kǎo yàn。 zhōu píng wáng cì gěi qín de tǔ dì， shí jì shàng bù mǎn liǎo róng、 dí bù luò， qín guó yào cún zài xià qù， jiù bì xū yǔ róng、 dí zuò cháng qī de dǒu zhēng， bù duàn zhuàng dà zì jǐ， tuò zhǎn jiāng tǔ。 zuì chū jǐ nián de dǒu zhēng， jūn yǐ qín guó de shī bài 'ér gào zhōng。 qín guó tǒng zhì zhě yǎn kàn zhe fēng cì gěi zì jǐ de tǔ dì què dé bù dào shǒu， hěn bù gān xīn， yú shì lián nián xiàng róng、 dí fā dòng jìn gōng。
qí shān shì zhōu zú rén de gù dì， shì dāng shí gǔ dài nóng yè shēng chǎn zuì fā dá de dì fāng。 zhè lǐ qì hòu wēn hé， tǔ rǎng féi wò， hái yòu bù shǎo yōng yòu fēng fù shēng chǎn jīng yàn de láo dòng zhě。 qín rén lì yòng zhè xiē yòu lì tiáo jiàn， zài zhè lǐ zhù chéng， jiàn lì gēn jù dì， shǐ yuán lái luò hòu de yóu mù jīng jì biàn wéi jiào xiān jìn de nóng yè jīng jì。 zài qín wén gōng dāng zhèng de jǐ shí nián jiān， qín guó zài jūn shì shàng suī méi yòu qǔ dé shénme jìn zhǎn， dàn gǒng gù liǎo qí shān yǐ xī de guǎng dà dì qū， fā zhǎn liǎo nú lì zhì jīng jì， wéi yǐ hòu de gèng dà shèng lì diàn dìng liǎo jī chǔ。
qín wén gōng sǐ hòu， qín xiàn gōng jí wèi。 tā jiāng qín guó dū chéng qiān wǎng píng yáng ( jīn shǎn xī bǎo jī )， hòu lái yòu xiāo miè liǎo guó dū fù jìn de yī xiē xiǎo gǔ gē jù shì lì， guān zhōng xī bù jī běn shàng wéi qín guó suǒ kòng zhì。 qín wǔ gōng shí， yòng wǔ lì xiàng dōng、 xī liǎng miàn kuò zhǎn shì lì， bù duàn qǔ dé duì róng zuò zhàn de shèng lì。 jīng guò 80 duō nián de dǒu zhēng， qín guó zhōng yú jiàn lì qǐ yǐ guān zhōng wéi zhōng xīn、 xī zhì jīn gān sù tiān shuǐ yī dài、 dōng zhì jīn shǎn xī huá xiàn fù jìn de qiáng dà zhū hóu guó。
766 BC, the Qin Xianggong killed in the war, buried in old haunt Xichui.
11th century BC, King Wu of Commerce launched off the war to overthrow the Shang Dynasty, the Zhou dynasty was established, its capital Gao Jing (now Xi'an in the vicinity), known to history as the Western Zhou Dynasty. Western Zhou Dynasty to establish soon a major event took place, almost ruined the Qin tribe's fate. King Wu of Zhou's death, as Ji-bit. Cheng Wang young, so by the Minister of National Policy Duke helm. At this time, to the remnants of the Shang Wu Geng-led insurgency launched, including the "win-win" family surname, including?? Two Eastern Campaign, completely defeated the rebels. After the rebellion was crushed, the Western Zhou system contact were extremely cruel method of punishment with the rebellion of the people involved, one way is to drive them from their homeland to move out, one by one to a distant place. Qin's ancestor was at this time were driven from the Yellow River to the West barren Loess Plateau, the western border in the week, "Shou Bian." Qin conquered, social status has plummeted, the entire clan have become slaves, driven by the slave owners and enslaved the Western Zhou Dynasty. Therefore, when the Western Zhou Dynasty forces became strong and prosperous, she keeps the East development, Qin Zhou tribe was excluded from the rule of centers, it is unknown wandering the wilderness of the Loess Plateau, the world seems to have been forgotten.
Qin Zhou tribes and the noble slave relationship is the relationship of domination, slave owners in the eyes of the Western Zhou, Qin people like animals, goods, can be traded, gifts and rewards. Qin's leaders have often been mobilized to serve the Zhou. Legend of King Mu had to the West Parade, meet with the Queen Mother at the Jade Pool, Central Asia and Europe has gone as far to reach, as he was driving Qin Cepheid. Since Cepheid skilled and drive the car leaps and bounds, very happy to discuss Ji Chuan, Zhao was closed in the city (now Hongdong County, Shanxi). King Xiao of Zhou, in order to the needs of foreign war, attaches great importance to the equine industry. He heard that particular non-subclass Qin good horse head, put non-subclass called to let him join in Qian Department of water and Wei (now Baoji area) of plain matters like the head of horse. As the non-subclass of the horse the diocese, breeding horses quickly, King Xiao of Zhou of the non-subclass is appreciated, they put a non-subclass of the half brother into closed YU Qin (today near Tianshui, Gansu), as a vassal king week, inheritance win's blood, called Qin win. The so-called "client" is not eligible for direct tribute to the Zhou can only subsidiary at a certain nobility. However, Qin's position at this time, after all, a little higher than before, also allows the Zhou Qin people, "Qin" This place is fortification, then, "win" was officially named the residents referred to as "Qin people."
Outside the Western Zhou Dynasty's western border, there are some minority tribes, of which there are relatively large, "Rong", "Di" and so on, they are often harassed weeks of the border, and even into the looting of property within its territory and population. In the week when the powerful royal family, did not pay too much attention to the Qin; week decline of the royal family, the Rong, Di unable to resist the time before the attack, Qin personnel are considered. King Xuan of Zhou, Zhou royal family for the use of Qin against Rong, Di, the seal's head Qin Zhong Qin as "doctor." Qin Zhong met by King Xuan of Zhou's pet, is their lives, to the rate of Qin Rong attack helpless weak force, which was defeated, the final battle in a cutting-jung, even Qinzhong himself lost his life. Qin Zhong's death, his eldest son, the duke rate of five brothers who lead troops to battle with Jung, had some small victories, to be called "Xichui doctor." Although the Qin Dynasty in Rong, Di little resistance before the attack, but for weeks the royal family, the Chin people is no longer used to be insignificant, and their leaders in the Western Zhou Dynasty was promoted to a higher level of "doctor" This reflects the development and growth of the Qin people are about to in the history of China play a bigger role.
Concubine in the table to see that princes cheated the Langbei Xiang, feel very happy, could not help but laugh. Zhou You Wang a look at this way finally made a concubine amused smile, heart, very happy, but also according to the law made up a few times, each time the result is more feudal countries less. Later, when You Wang again when the point of war, they simply had no response.
King Ping of Zhou's reign, see Rong people the possibility of a comeback at any time, together with Gao Jing in ruins, their strength is limited, can not continue to rule in the Guanzhong area, so in 770 BC, by the national nobility escorted to the capital moved to Luoyang, Henan Province, said the history of this dynasty as the "Eastern Zhou." King Ping of Zhou dongqian time, Qin Xianggong shuaibing escorted out vigorously. Because of the Zhou royal family active, King Ping of Zhou Qin Xianggong took from the "doctor" promoted as "nobility", and announced to reward Qishan large tracts of land to the west of Qin. Since then, formally became a vassal state of Qin, can equal a vassal state with the other.
Qin Wengong death, Qinxian Gong came to the throne. He will move to the state of Qin capital Pingyang (now Shaanxi Baoji), and later eliminated the capital near the separatist forces of small stocks, the relevant central and western essentially controlled by the state of Qin. Qin Wugong, the use of force, east and west sides of expansion forces continue to gain Rong combat. After 80 years of struggle, the state of Qin finally establish the relations for the center, along the West has Tianshui, Gansu, Shaanxi Hua county near the East has a powerful vassal state.
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